Volatile fatty acids concentration and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis of concentrate cassava peel diet with different levels of protein sources

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of protein sources in a concentrate cassava peel diet on volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS) by in vitro method. The five diet treatments in this study consisted of cassava meal (CM), cassava peel (CP), cassava leaves (CL) and moringa leaves (ML) with the proportion applied were T1=CM70% + CP20% + CL5% + ML5%; T2=CM60% + CP20% + CL10% + ML10%; T3=CM50% + CP20% + CL15% + ML15%; T4=CM40% + CP20% + CL20% + ML20%; T5=CM30% + CP20% + CL25% + ML25%. The experiment used a randomized block design with five treatments and three replications. The results showed that increasing the level of protein sources in the ration tended to increase the value of total VFA, acetate, propionate, CO2, and CH4 in which T3 had the highest values. However, the effect of treatments were significant in EMPS value (P<0.01). It was concluded that increasing levels of cassava and moringa leaves in the concentrate cassava peel diet tended to increase the value of total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, CO2, and CH4 which led to a significant increase in EMPS values.

Morphometric characteristics of sheep and goat fed silage comprising of cassava peel, gamba grass and Mexican sunflower

The constant demand for less expensive and more easily available alternative feed sources for animal production is on the increase. This is particularly true in the tropics, where feed availability varies according to the season. Based on this necessity, this study aims to evaluate the impact of feeding silage to sheep and goats on growth and development. A total of 22 animals comprising of 11 Yankassa breed and 11 West African Dwarf breed were used for the study. The animals were confined and allowed to acclimatize to the environment for about 14 to 21 days, followed by 5 weeks of study. The forage used for silage was Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) and Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) mixed with equal amounts of cassava peel and molasses in different proportions for three different treatments. Body length, neck circumference, height at withers, heart girth, and body weight were significantly higher (p<0.05) in animals fed T3 diets compared to all other diets, while animals on the T2 diet had higher ear length than T3. Except for neck circumference, ear length, and bodyweight of animals raised on diet T1 and the control group were statistically similar, all the test groups were significantly better than the control group in terms of performance. The highest body weight of 16.74 kg was recorded in T3, followed by 15.97 kg in T2, 12.12 kg in T1, and the least value of 10.09 kg in the control group. No apparent adverse effects were noted in the feeding of silage to the animals as the animals were healthy throughout the duration of the study. More research on the use of silage in feeding indigenous goat and sheep breeds is needed to further understand the impact of silage on animal performance and morphometric traits.

Effect of Adding Cassava Peel and Lactic Acid Bacteria as a Feed Additive to the Weight of Immune Organs of Super Native Chicken

This study aims to evaluate the use of cassava peels added with lactic acid bacteria on the immune organ weight of super native chickens. The material used in this study was 144 Day Old Chick (DOC) super unsex native chicken with an average body weight of 34 ± 3,14 gram. The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with a dose of liquid feed additive in the form of a combination of cassava peel flour and lactic acid bacteria mixed with rations. The treatments in this study included T0: basal ration, T1 (basal ration + 10% feed additive ml/kg), T2 (basal ration + 15% feed additive ml/kg) and T3 (basal ration + 20% feed additive ml/kg). The parameters observed were body weight, the relative weight of lymph, thymus, and bursa Fabricius superficial chicken stock exchange. The result showed that the combination of cassava peel and lactic acid bacteria had no significant effect (P>0.05) on body weight, the relative weight of the lymph organs, thymus, and bursa Fabricius of super native chickens. This research concludes that the combination of cassava peel and lactic acid bacteria as a feed additive can maintain chickens' health by not increasing the relative weight of the super native chicken immune organs to the level of 200 ml/kg.

Effect of Sodium Hydroxide Concentration on Production of Activated Carbon from Cassava Peel

Cassava is a staple crop that can grow in Indonesia throughout the year and has a high adaptability to various soil conditions. Cassava or cassava can be processed into various food industries such The high carbon content of cassava peel makes it can be used as raw material for the manufacture of activated carbonas tapioca flour, fermentation industry, and other basic industries. Activated carbon is made by chemical activation of an alkaline solution. The results of the study produced activated carbon with a moisture content of 9.3406%, ash content of 6.5907%, iodine number 781,7656 mg/g . The results of the activated carbon have met the quality standard of SNI 06-3730-1995

Blood Profile of Growing Rabbits Fed Pro-Vitamin A Fortified Cassava Peel Meal Based Diets

The effect of feeding pro-vitamin A cassava peel meal (PCPM) based diets to growing rabbits (n=48) for 61 days on their haematology and serum biochemical parameters was investigated. T1, T2, T3, and T4 diets were formulated with inclusion levels of 0, 15, 30, and 45%, respectively. In a completely randomized design, the rabbits were randomly allocated to four experimental groups of twelve animals each, with four rabbits constituting a replicate. On the last day of the study, blood samples were taken from each animal and analyzed for haematological and serum biochemical indices. The results of the proximate composition of experimental diets revealed that T2, T3, and T4 had high (p<0.05) ash values. T1 diet had higher (p<0.05) metabolizable energy (ME) in comparison with T3, and T4 diets. Red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) were improved (p<0.05) significantly in 15, 30, and 45% PCPM inclusions. T3 and T4 had better (p<0.05) packed cell volume (PCV) values, haemoglobin (Hb), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) than T1 and T2. The treatment groups (T2, T3 and T4) had significantly higher (p<0.05) total protein, globulin, creatinine, total bilirubin, and aspartate amino transferase (AST). Cholesterol and urea levels were lowered significantly (p<0.05) in T3 and T4. All of the blood parameters were within the normal physiological range for clinically healthy rabbits, indicating that PCPM was beneficial to the rabbits' blood formation and health. T4 group had the best results and was recommended for enhanced rabbit production.

Eksplorasi Perintang Warna Alami pada Kualitas Batik

Exploration is important because it has the potential to increase creativity in the use of natural materials that are able to maintain the existence of written batik without reducing the essence of written batik itself. The method used is a literature study. This study aims to describe natural materials that can be used as color barriers, determine the results and quality of batik motifs produced from natural color barriers, and determine the process and results of batik coloring on natural color barriers. The natural ingredients explored are cassava peel and canna starch. The batik motifs produced by the two barriers depend on the drying time, the thickness of the paste application and the applicator used. In the use of natural cassava peel ingredients, the color barrier can block the color well when using a triangular plastic applicator because the quality obtained is good, namely the lines are firm and clear. Meanwhile, when using natural canna starch, the color barrier can block the color well when using the vinegar bottle applicator because the results of the imitation batik motifs produced are neat, even, and firm. The natural ingredients for cassava peel are dylon and wantex dyes, while the canna starch is used for napthol dyes.

Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equation test on the adsorption process of Cu (II) metal ions by cassava peel waste (Manihot esculenta crantz)

This Study aims to determine the adsorption process of Cu (II) metal by cassava peel waste (Manihot esculenta crantz) meeting the Langmuir equation and Freundlich. Research method cassava peel made into activated carbon, then determine the mass, pH and optimum contact time. Then the determination of the maximum adsorption capacity was carried out by testing with the Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm equations. The results showed that the best conditions (optimal conditions) were obtained with the addition of 0.5 grams of active carbs from cassava peels. The percentage of Cu ion adsorption in these conditions was 97.72%, at pH 6 and a contact time of 60 minutes and the absorption capacity was 98.49%. The maximum adsorption capacity of cassava peel activated carbon to Cu(II) ions at the optimum condition was determined based on the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. The results obtained were-51.813 mg/g and 26,792 mg/g, respectively.

Effect of using different levels of cassava meal in a concentrate cassava peel diet on chemical composition, in vitro gas production, and rumen fermentation

This study was designed to evaluate effects of using different levels of cassava meal in a concentrate cassava peel diet on chemical composition, in vitro gas production (IVGP) and rumen fermentation. The treatments applied were: A=cassava peel (20%)+ cassava meal (70%)+cassava leaves (5%)+moringa leaves (5%); B=cassava peel (20%)+ cassava meal (60%)+cassava leaves (10%)+moringa leaves (10%); C=cassava peel (20%)+ cassava meal (50%)+cassava leaves (15%)+moringa leaves (15%) cassava meal; D=cassava peel (20%)+ cassava meal (40%)+cassava leaves (20%)+moringa leaves (20%); E=cassava peel (20%)+ cassava meal (30%)+cassava leaves (25%)+moringa leaves (25%) with 3 replications arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The result showed that the increasing levels of cassava meal in the ration significantly increased organic matter (OM) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) content (P<0.05), but reduced crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents. Similarly, a significant increased (P<0.01) were found in values of cumulative in vitro gas production, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, but decreased NH3 concentration (P<0.05) due to the increased of cassava meal. It is concluded that increasing levels of cassava meal in concentrate has led to higher OM content of the ration and being available for rumen fermentation.