Cotton pollination by honeybees

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Number Of Seeds

In a field trial, significant increases for the total number of bolls harvested (11.1%), total mass of bolls (16.5%), total lint mass (15.8%), total seed mass (19.7%) and total number of seeds per sample (16.5%) were obtained from plots receiving the highest number of bee visits compared with plots receiving the lowest number of bee visits. Lint-quality examinations resulted in a significant improvement for micronaire and fineness with increased bee visits. Non-significant increases were obtained for the mass of 100 seeds (3.8%), average single seed weight (3.9%), average number of seeds per boll (4.7%) and average weight of lint per boll (5.0%). Caged plots with honey bees had significantly greater total boll mass; total seed mass; and average single-seed weight than caged plots without honey bees.

VARIATION AMONG BRITISH COLUMBIA AND NORTHERN ALBERTA POPULATIONS OF RASPBERRIES, RUBUS IDAEUS SUBSPP. STRIGOSUS MICHX.

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. J. VAN ADRICHEM
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Specific Character ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Northern Alberta ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Several population samples of Rubus idaeus subspp. strigosus Michx. (raspberries) were collected in British Columbia and northern Alberta and a number of characters were studied and compared with the cultivar Trent. Significant differences between populations were found for cane length, number of buds per cane, percentage of buds growing, number of inflorescences and flowers per bud, fruit and seed weight. There was a positive correlation between the total seed weight and the number of seeds, and between the total seed and fruit weight. No distinct types could be established based on location or elevation. None of the populations showed significantly better winter hardiness than the cultivar Trent, and although some had a specific character that was superior, none was found to have overall superiority.

Jack pine cone quality and cache sizes of red squirrels in southern New Brunswick, Canada

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Setterington ◽  
Daniel M. Keppie
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Relationships between external cone characteristics (length, width, wet and dry mass), cone quality (total seed mass as a proportion of cone mass, total number of seeds per cone, total seed mass per cone), and number of cones in caches were evaluated for caches of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) cones belonging to red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) in two plantations in southern New Brunswick. Cone length and mass were good predictors of the total number of seeds per cone and total seed mass per cone. Length accounted for a small proportion of the variance of total seed mass as a proportion of cone mass. There was no relationship between the number of seeds or total seed mass per cone and the number of cones per cache.

Evaluation of the growth response of arid zone invasive species Salvia verbenaca cultivars to atmospheric carbon dioxide and soil moisture

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Weller ◽  
Muhammad M. Javaid ◽  
Singarayer K. Florentine
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Although climate change is expected to affect the ecology of many weed species, the nature and scale of these responses is presently not well defined. This presages a suite of potential problems for the agricultural industries. Consequently, we investigated the effects of anticipated climate change on biomass and seed production, for two varieties of wild sage, Salvia verbenaca L. var. verbenaca and Salvia verbenaca var. vernalis Bioss. For the investigation, ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (700 ppm) carbon dioxide conditions, in combination with well-watered (100% field capacity) and drought conditions (60% field capacity), were selected to represent alternative climate scenarios. The alteration in biomass production was represented by a combined measurement of nine variables; plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area, leaf thickness, shoot biomass, root biomass and dry leaf weight, and fecundity was measured via two variables; 100 seed weight and number of seeds per plant. All biomass measurements were reduced in a drought situation compared with well-watered conditions in ambient carbon dioxide (400 ppm), and each corresponding measurement was greater under elevated carbon dioxide (700 ppm) regardless of water treatment. In contrast, this was not observed for 100 seed weight or number of seeds per plant. Although a similar profile of a reduction in fecundity parameters was observed under drought conditions compared with well-watered conditions in ambient carbon dioxide, there was an increase in seed mass only for var. verbenaca under elevated carbon dioxide in both water treatments. In addition, there was a very small increase in the number of seeds in this species under drought conditions in elevated carbon dioxide, with neither increase in seed mass or seed number being observed in var. vernalis. These results suggest that although future climate change may result in increased competition of both these varieties with desirable plants, their management strategies will need to focus on effects of increased size of the weeds, rather than only attempting to reduce the seed bank holdings.

Recovery and germination rates of seeds of Mediterranean medics and clovers offered to sheep at a single meal or continuously

1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Thomson ◽  
S. Rihawi ◽  
P. S. Cocks ◽  
A. E. Osman ◽  
L. Russi
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Single Meal ◽  
Number Of Seeds

SUMMARYMeasurements were made of the recovery and germination rates of seed of eight species of annual medic (Medicago spp.) and three of clover (Trifolium spp.) after ingestion by sheep. Recovery of medic seed was measured as the number of seeds collected from faeces after feeding, in addition to a basal diet, either (i) 200 g of pods at a single meal, or (ii) a quantity of pods estimated to contain 30000 seeds at a single meal or (iii) 200 g of pods daily for 21 days. Only the first method was applied to the clovers.There were large differences (P < 0·001) in seed recovery between species, from < 2% to nearly 20% in medics, and up to 59% in T. campestre, which has low single-seed mass. Although there was a curvilinear decrease in seed recovery as single-seed mass increased (r2 = 0·80), the high recovery of M. rotata, a fairly large-seeded species, suggests that there are important differences between species, irrespective of seed size.When 200 g of medic pods was offered to sheep at a single meal, mean seed recovery was slightly lower than when 200 g of medic pods was offered daily for 21 days. Seed recovery of medics was much higher (P < 0·001) when 30000 seeds were offered at one meal.Germination rate before ingestion was 1·9–6·5% (P < 0·001) for hard-seeded medics and 2·7–9·7% (P < 0·001) for clovers with low single-seed mass; passage through the digestive tract increased (P < 0·001) germination rate in both medics and clovers.

Seed production and dormancy in Rumex crispus. I. The effects of removal of cauline leaves at anthesis

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Maun ◽  
P. B. Cavers
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Rumex Crispus ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Important Basis ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Defoliation of the panicle of Rumex crispus L. (curled dock) at anthesis had little effect on the number of seeds (nuts) produced but lead to a very severe reduction in total seed weight per panicle and in the size of individual seeds. In particular the proportion of larger seeds was reduced drastically. The seeds from defoliated plants germinated more rapidly and had less precise requirements for germination than those from untreated plants. They did not suffer any loss of viability. A microscopic examination of cross sections of seeds revealed that seeds from defoliated plants had thinner walls (investing structures). They also exhibited a higher absorptive capacity for water. This information provides an important basis for further studies on the biological control of this weedy species.

scholarly journals Seed Yield Increase in Niger Crop in to Relation to Honeybee and Other Pollinators

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Prashant B. Sandipan ◽  
P.K. Jagtap ◽  
M.C. Patel ◽  
B.P. Solanki ◽  
Sapana R. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Guizotia Abyssinica ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Number Of Seeds

AbstractNiger (Guizotia abyssinicaCass) is an important minor oilseed crop of hilly and tribal regions and it is used for oil as well as for various other purposes only by the tribal people. Therefore, a systematic study was arranged to document about the increase in the seed yield of niger crop in relation to honeybees (Aphis mellifera), as a pollinator in niger crop with paired plot technique at the Niger Research Station (NRS) at Navsari Agricultural University (NAU) and at farmer’s field, Vanarasi, Navsari, Gujarat (India) and also studied its relation in terms of cost benefit ratio (CB). The trial was conducted at Niger Research Station (NRS), Vanarasi for 3 years (2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16) and also at farmer's field to ascertain the role and involvement of honey bees (Aphis mellifera) in swelling the seed yield of niger crop (due to pollination) and its effect on income due to increase in the niger seed yield. Significant differences were observed for number of capitula/plant, number of seeds/capitula, 1000 seed weight and seed yield in both the location for the consecutive 3 years. However, the seed yield and gross returns were considerably higher in first location of T1Natural plot/open pollinated with beehive (Aphis mellifera)in all the 3 years data with the maximum seed yield with the gross return was obtained in this treatment.

Nitrogen, phosphorus, and light effects on reproduction and fitness of wild rice

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 876-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Sims ◽  
John Pastor ◽  
Tali Lee ◽  
Brad Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Seed Biomass ◽  
Light Effects ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Plant fitness is typically correlated with total seed biomass or the number of seeds produced per plant, but the connection from seed production to seedlings the following year is seldom made. Seedling production in grasses, including wild rice ( Zizania palustris L.) is determined by the number of inflorescences produced, the number of seeds per inflorescence, the mean mass per seed, proportion of seeds that are filled, predation on seeds, and germination rates. Previous studies have shown that wild rice biomass production is limited primarily by nitrogen and secondarily by phosphorus and light. To test how nitrogen, phosphorus, and light modulate plant fitness, we evaluated the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and light on the above parameters. Nitrogen addition increased number of inflorescences, seeds per inflorescence, and mean seed mass, resulting in more seedlings produced, hence greater fitness, despite increased rice worm predation and lower germination rates of seeds compared to seeds from plants grown without nitrogen addition. Phosphorus additions and full sunlight also increased the number of seedlings per plant, mainly after nitrogen was added. Therefore, the maternal environment not only affects seed production but the number of seedlings that emerge the following year, especially with respect to nitrogen.

Effect of pollination on flower, pod and seed production in white lupin (Lupinus albus)

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Williams ◽  
A. P. Martin ◽  
A. W. Ferguson ◽  
S. J. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Insect Pollination ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Number Of Seeds

SUMMARYThe pollination requirements of the white lupin cultivar Vladimir were investigated in a glasshouse. Five treatments were compared in which the flowers of each plant were (i) left to autopollinate, (ii) shaken, (iii) tripped, (iv) self pollinated or (v) cross pollinated. Pollination treatments had no effect on the numbers of flowers, pods or seeds or weight of seed produced by the plants but did slightly shorten the duration of flowering, the effect being greatest when flowers were tripped or cross pollinated and least when they were shaken or self pollinated.The proportion of flowers that developed into pods differed with raceme, with secondaries producing more than tertiaries > primaries > quaternaries; the number of seeds per pod differed in the same order, but mean single-seed weight decreased on successive racemes. However, pollination treatments had no effect on the distribution of flowers, pods or seeds on the plant.This crop species is clearly highly self fertile and self pollinating and likely to yield well without insect pollination.

STUDY OF EFFECT OF EMS, MMS AND GR ON YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN URDBEAN, VIGNA MUNGO

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. SAGADE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The study of the effect of three well known mutagens, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) and gamma rays (GR) on the yield contributing traits of the urdbean variety TPU-4 were carried out in the M3 generation. Effect of selected mutagenic treatments/doses of EMS (0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 M), MMS (0.0025, 0.05 and 0.01 M) and (GR) (30, 40 and 50 KR) on different yield contributing traits like plant height, plant spread, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight were analyzed in the M3 populations of the variety TPU-4. Seeds of M2 plants and control were harvested separately and sown to raise M3 population.. Genetic variabilty in the mutagen administered M3 progeny of the urdbean variety TPU-4 was analyzed by employing statistical methods. Data on mean values and shift in the mean of seven quantitative traits was evaluated on individual plant basis. The experimental findings revealed that concentrations / dose of the all these mutagens showed inhibitory effect on plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod. Lower concentrations of mutagens exerted a promotory effect on plant spread, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant while higher concentrations of these mutagens inhibited them to different extent.

Individual crop size increases predispersal predation by beetles in a tropical palm

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Morgana Maria Arcanjo Bruno ◽  
Klécia Gili Massi ◽  
Alexander V. Christianini ◽  
John du Vall Hay
Keyword(s):  
Seed Predation ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Crop Size ◽  
Seed Predators ◽  
Plant Trait ◽  
Predispersal Seed Predation ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Abstract Predispersal seed predation is one of the main causes of seed mortality in plant populations, contributing to decreased plant recruitment. Seed loss has previously been found to be related to crop size. Thus, we examined the influence of individual crop size on predispersal seed predation by beetles in the palm Syagrus flexuosa in the Brazilian savanna. The study was carried out in three tropical woodland savanna sites, where we sampled the total seed crop of 46 fruiting palms and checked the presence of beetle larvae inside all seeds per plant. We observed predispersal seed predation of S. flexuosa from all sites and a high variation in the number of seeds preyed on per individual palm. Crop size had a positive influence on the number of seeds lost to predispersal seed predators. Variations in levels of predispersal seed predation may also be accounted for by the reproductive phenology of S. flexuosa. If fruits are not available at the same time, less resource is available for predators and therefore a high proportion of seeds may be preyed on. Thus, our study demonstrates that an individual plant trait, crop size, is an important predictor of beetle seed damage per palm and a driver of the number of seeds lost to predispersal seed predators.

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