Effect of Pleiochaeta setosa on field responses of Lupinus angustifolius and L. luteus to applications of phosphorus

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
M. W. Sweetingham ◽  
R. J. Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Resting Spores ◽  
P Application ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
P Addition

The effect of the fungus Pleiochaeta setosa on grain yield responses of lupins to applications of phosphorus (P) fertiliser (0–40 kg P/ha as triple superphosphate banded 80 mm below seed while sowing at 40 mm) was measured for 4 lupin cultivars that differed in reaction to the pathogen: Lupinus angustifolius cv. Merrit (susceptible), cv. Tallerack (moderately resistant), cv. Myallie (resistant) and L. luteus cv. Teo (very resistant). Variable levels of P. setosa inoculum (as resting spores in the soil) were generated by different rotations. Disease levels of lupin foliage were manipulated by either burning or retention of the previous wheat (Triticum aestivum) stubble. The severity of brown spot (caused by P. setosa infecting the foliage) was influenced by the previous rotation, by the stubble treatment, and by the susceptibility of each lupin cultivar to the disease. Pleiochaeta setosa was least in and had little or no effect on yield of the very resitant Teo, but P. setosawas greatest and decreased yields most in the susceptible Merrit. Where grain yields were affected by P. setosa, there were increases in grain yield with increasing amounts of P applied. For Merrit, Tallerack and Myallie, grain yield responses to P addition tended to increase with increasing disease. Grain yield increases to P application were greatest for Merrit with the highest P. setosa level, and were least for L. luteus cv. Teo with the lowest P. setosa level.

scholarly journals Effect of Septoria brown spot on soybean yield in Illinois

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng-An Lin ◽  
María B. Villamil ◽  
Santiago X. Mideros
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Linear Predictor ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Best Linear Predictor ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractBrown spot caused by Septoria glycines is a prevalent foliar disease in all soybean production areas. Application of foliar fungicides after bloom reduces the disease severity, yet yield responses are not consistent among locations and years. Our research goal was to determine the effect of different levels of Septoria brown spot on yield. Different levels of disease severity were effectively obtained in the field by weekly application of chlorothalonil for three, six, and nine times after disease inoculation at V3/V4 stage. Fungicide treatments had a significant effect on vertical progress and chlorotic area with no statistically significant effect on yield. Soybean yield was negatively correlated with vertical progress of the disease (r = −0.36). The vertical progress was the best linear predictor of yield. Based on this model, when the vertical progress of brown spot at R6 increased by 10%, the yield decreased by 142.13 kg/ha (3.4%). A variance component analyses of our data showed that location was the most critical factor, illustrating the significant effect of local environmental conditions on the disease. Power analyses indicated that at least eight locations are needed to detect an effect of 269 kg/ha. Our results provide useful information to improve the experimental design for future experiments addressing the yield constrain by late season diseases of soybean.

Effect of an acidifying nitrogen fertiliser and lime on soil pH and wheat yields. 2. Plant response

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Mason ◽  
WM Porter ◽  
WJ Cox
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
P Rate ◽  
P Application ◽  
Continuous Cropping System ◽  
Plant Sampling ◽  
Yield Responses

This paper reports the effects of an acidifying fertiliser on wheat yields and mineral composition in the first 10 years of trials at Merredin, Wongan Hills, and Newdegate, described in the previous paper. There were grain yield increases from application (kg/ha.year) of 17.5 N + 7.6 P and 35 N + 15.2 P in all years except 1980 (Wongan Hills and Newdegate) and 1989 (Merredin). At Merredin, 3 t/ha of limestone increased grain yields in all years except 1982 and 1983. At Wongan Hills, limestone increased yields in the continuous cropping system, in the presence of high N + P, during 1986 and 1989. At Newdegate, grain yield responses to lime were recorded in 1980, 1981, 1982, 1986, 1988, and 1989; limestone resulted in decreased wheat yields in 1984 because of an increase in the severity of the root disease take-all (caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici), and decreased lupin yields in 1987 because of manganese deficiency. There were a few responses at Merredin and Newdegate to low rates of limestone with each N + P application. Application of the magnesium (Mg) + potassium (K) + molybdenum (Mo) in addition to limestone gave isolated responses at all sites. Concentrations of calcium (Ca), Mg, and K at the 1989 plant sampling were highest at Wongan Hills and lowest at Merredin. Calcium concentrations were higher at Merredin and Newdegate following N + P application, but lower at Wongan Hills. Application of N + P reduced the concentration of Mg at Merredin and Wongan Hills, but increased Mg at Newdegate. The concentration of K was decreased at all sites by N + P. Limestone had no consistent effect on Ca concentrations but increased the concentrations of Mg and K at Merredin and K at Newdegate. Where Mg + K + Mo had been applied in 1980, concentrations of Ca decreased and K increased, while there was no consistent effect on Mg concentration. The Mo concentration in plant shoots was reduced at all sites by increasing rate of N + P and increased by application of lime and Mo in 1980. Grain Mo concentrations were very low at Merredin and Wongan Hills, even in the absence of N + P. Concentrations at Newdegate were reduced by increasing N + P rate. Application of limestone increased grain Mo concentrations at all sites, but these were still lowered by N + P application. Concentrations were also increased by the application of Mo in 1980, but fell with time, particularly with application of N + P.

AAC Vitality barley

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-370
Author(s):  
Thin Meiw Choo ◽  
Allen G. Xue ◽  
Richard A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AAC Vitality is a six-row spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed by the Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. AAC Vitality had high grain yield, good resistance to lodging, and good resistance to straw break. It was late in heading and maturity. Its seed color was bright. AAC Vitality was moderately resistant to net blotch and spot blotch. AAC Vitality performs well in Ontario.

Improving Soybean Production Using Light Supplementation at Field-Scale: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Ernane M Lemes ◽  
Breno N R Azevedo ◽  
Matheus F I Domiciano ◽  
Samuel L Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Commercial Area ◽  
Yield Responses

In modern agriculture, there is a growing need for increasing crop efficiency while minimizing environmental impacts. The use of high-efficiency light supplementation to enhance plant development is limited for high-productive crops at field conditions (outdoor). This study evaluated the soybean plant’s yield responses in an open commercial area (field scale) cultivated under conditions of artificial light supplementation. A commercial irrigated (pivot) area received an illumination system for light supplementation (LS) in its inner pivot spans. About 40 hours of LS were applied to the plants during the soybean crop cycle. The area’s outer pivot spans did not receive light supplementation (nLS). The internode number, the plant height, the pods per plant were evaluated weekly to compute the area under the progress curve (AUPC). The grain yield at harvest was also assessed. The AUPC of the internode number, plant height and pods per plant were positively affected by the LS treatment. The regular soybean cycle (nLS) is about 17 weeks; however, the LS harvest occurred three weeks later. Light supplementation increased soybean grain yield by 57.3% and profitability by 180% when compared to nLS. Although light supplementation at field scale poses a challenge, it is now affordable since sustainable field resistant technologies are now available. The present study is the first known report of light supplementation used to improve soybean crop production at field scale.

scholarly journals Effects of repeated phosphorus fertilisation on field crops in Finland 2.Sufficient phosphorus application rates on silty and sandy soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. SAARELA ◽  
H. HUHTA ◽  
P. VIRKAJÄRVI
Keyword(s):  
Relative Yield ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
P Application ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilisation ◽  
Annual Application

In order to update fertilisation recommendations for Finnish silty and sandy soils, the effects of repeated phosphorus (P) fertilisation on the yields of cereals, grasses and other crops were measured at ten sites for 9 to 18 years. Results of some earlier studies were also used in examining the relationships of the yield responses to applied P and to the soil test values measured by the Finnish ammonium acetate method (PAc). Significant effects of P fertilisation were observed at all sites that had low or medium PAc values; in the case of potatoes, even at sites with fairly high values. The mean relative yield without applied P divided by yield with 60 or 45 kg P ha-1 of the ten sites was 81% (mean PAc 11.6 mg dm-3) varying from 55% at the PAc value of 4.7 mg dm-3 to 100% at the highest PAc values. In order to achieve a relative yield of 97%, which is considered the optimum for cereals and leys, the required mean annual application of P in the later parts of the experiments was 25 kg ha-1 (variation 0-42 kg ha-1). On the six soils that had low or medium PAc values (4.5-9.1 mg dm-3, mean 8.0 mg dm-3), relative yield was 97% at the P application rate of 35 kg ha-1 (variation 22-42 kg ha-1), while 11 kg P ha-1 (variation 0-25 kg ha-1) sufficed on the four soils that had higher PAc values (mean 20.8 mg dm-3, variation 11.7-35.2 mg dm-3). Reasons for the poor availability of P in silty and sandy soils were discussed.;

Performance of various pesticides against Yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) of Basmati rice and effect on yield in Northern India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushant Kumar ◽  
Hem Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Scirpophaga Incertulas ◽  
Yellow Stem Borer ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Abstract The present investigation was based on the management of Yellow stem borer which is a major pest of Basmati rice crop in India. All the treatments were applied to control this pest when it reached on its ETL level. The data recorded one day before of first spray and 3, 7, 10 days after of each spray. The observation revealed that all the treatments were found significantly superior over untreated control. Among the all treatments Fipronil 5 SC was found most effective followed by Imidacloprid 17.8 SC, Cartap hydrochlorid 4 G. Among the bio-pesticides B. bassiana was most effective after the chemical pesticides followed by M. anisopliae and V. lacani. The field treated with fipronil 5 SC produced the highest grain yield (38.35 q/ha) and Imidacloprid 17.8 SC was placed on second place with 37.26 q/ha grain yield followed by Thiamethoxam 25 WG (36.05q/ha) and Cartap hydrochloride 4G (33.87 q/ha).

Corn Silage and Grain Yield Responses to Plant Densities

jpa ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Yield Responses

Grain yield responses to nitrogen rate in two elite double-cropped inbred rice cultivars released 41 years apart

2020 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 107970
Author(s):  
Min Huang ◽  
Tao Lei ◽  
Fangbo Cao ◽  
Jiana Chen ◽  
Shuanglü Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Yield Responses

Residual effects of phosphorus and soyabean crop on maize in the Guinea savanna of West Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
I. Ogoke ◽  
A. Togun
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Available P ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
P Rate ◽  
P Application ◽  
Total Soil N

Two seasons of cropping were carried out at three sites in the Guinea savanna to evaluate the residual effects of soyabean on maize. The experiment was laid out as a splitplot design in a randomized complete block with three replications. In the first season, four soyabean varieties with a fallow treatment (control) received phosphorus (P) applied as triple superphosphate (20% P) at the rates of 30 and 60 kg P ha −1 . Maize was grown in these plots in the second season without fertilizer application. At all sites, regardless of the previous crop, total soil N remained low (<1.5 g kg −1 ). Available P was affected by the P rate in the previous year at all sites. From initial values ranging from 5.2–16.2 mg kg −1 in the first season, available P significantly (p<0.05) increased in the second season to 9.8–42.8 mg kg −1 when 30 or 60 kg P ha −1 was applied, compared to 7.7–18.6 mg kg –1 at no P application. Relative to no P application in the previous year, the application of 60 kg P ha −1 significantly increased total dry matter at 6 weeks after planting by 19%, total harvest dry matter by 28%, and grain yield by 37%.

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