Corn Silage and Grain Yield Responses to Plant Densities

jpa ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Yield Responses

Responses of adzuki bean as affected by row spacing, plant density and variety

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
R. Redden ◽  
P. Desborough ◽  
W. Tompkins ◽  
T. Usher ◽  
A. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Adzuki Bean ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Wide Row Spacing ◽  
Yield Responses

Agronomic responses of varieties of adzuki bean, Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi and Ohashi, to row spacing and plant density were investigated at 3 locations, Kumbia and Warwick in Queensland, and Grafton in New South Wales. The treatments were: at Kumbia and Warwick row spacings of 17.8, 35.6 and 71.1 cm, 3 densities of 250 x 103, 500 x 103 and 750 x 103 plants/ha, and 4 and 3 varieties respectively; and at Grafton 4 densities of 200 x 103, 400 x 103, 550 x 103 and 700 x 103 plants/ha and 3 varieties at 30 cm row spacing. The varieties Bloodwood and Dainagon were common across locations. Grain yield was increased by 26% at Kumbia and 19% at Warwick for narrow rows versus wide rows, and by 31% at Kumbia, 22% at Warwick, and 19% at Grafton for high versus low plant density. These responses occurred over sites differing in environment and in mean yield. At Kumbia a significant interaction for yield occurred between plant density and row spacing and between variety and row spacing, whereas at the other locations yield responses to row spacing and to plant density were linear and additive. These responses differed for the large-seeded variety Dainagon with a trend for a yield decline at the highest plant density at Grafton. Phenologic responses to row spacing and to plant density were significant but very small at Warwick. Ground cover percentage at mid pod fill was reduced at both low plant densities and in wide rows, with smaller differences between the intermediate and high levels of each treatment. Variety, row spacing and plant density showed interactions for expression of ground cover at Kumbia and Warwick. Both seed weight and canopy height were less at low plant densities at Kumbia and at Warwick, but responses differed by variety at Grafton, whereas these traits were both less at wide row spacing at Kumbia but not at Warwick.Other traits with responses to plant density included; lodging percentage with a small increase at 250 x 103 ha at Kumbia, and shoot biomass which was reduced at low plant density and at wide spacing at Warwick. There were significant varietal differences in all traits except lodging percentage. Bloodwood yielded well at each site, equivalent with Erimo at Grafton and Warwick, but Dainagon was equivalent at Kumbia only and yielded significantly less at other sites. Dainagon was shorter and with larger seed than Bloodwood at each site, it reached maturity earlier at Kumbia but later at Warwick, and it had less ground cover than Bloodwood at Warwick but not quite significantly less at Kumbia. Bloodwood and Erimo were very similar over all traits except for Bloodwood having a taller canopy and later maturity at Warwick. Adzuki bean grain yield was strongly affected by both plant density and row spacing with increases from low to high plant densities and wide to narrow rows, in association with responses in ground cover. Shoot biomass, recorded at Warwick only, was less in wide rows but unresponsive to plant density. Harvest index increased with increased plant densities but was unresponsive to row spacing.

GRAIN YIELD COMPARISON OF PURE STANDS AND MIXTURES OF DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS FOR TWO HYBRIDS OF MAIZE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. HOEKSTRA ◽  
L. W. KANNENBERG ◽  
B. R. CHRISTIE
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

The objective of this study was to determine the effects on grain yield of growing cultivars in mixtures of different proportions. Two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids, Pride 116 and United 106, were grown for 2 yr in pure stand and in seven mixtures of different proportions (7:1, 6:2, 5:3, 4:4, 3:5, 2:6, 1:7) at plant densities of 61 500, 99 400, and 136 000 plants per hectare. The total number of mixture combinations was 42, i.e. 2 years × three densities × seven proportions. All but one mixture yielded as expected based on the yield of component hybrids in pure stand. The higher yielding hybrid (United 106) yielded significantly less grain per plant in mixtures than in pure stand. The lower yielding hybrid (Pride 116) yielded more in mixtures than in pure stand, although the difference was not significant. These data support previous observations that the ability of a hybrid to yield in pure stands is not necessarily related to its ability to yield in mixtures. High plant densities appear to enhance the likelihood of interactions occurring among hybrids. For United 106, the number of proportions yielding less grain per plant than in pure stand was highly significant at the two higher plant densities. For Pride 116, the number of proportions yielding more than in pure stand was highly significant at the highest plant density.Key words: Corn, grain yield, mixtures of different proportions, high plant densities, Zea mays

Improving Soybean Production Using Light Supplementation at Field-Scale: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Ernane M Lemes ◽  
Breno N R Azevedo ◽  
Matheus F I Domiciano ◽  
Samuel L Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Commercial Area ◽  
Yield Responses

In modern agriculture, there is a growing need for increasing crop efficiency while minimizing environmental impacts. The use of high-efficiency light supplementation to enhance plant development is limited for high-productive crops at field conditions (outdoor). This study evaluated the soybean plant’s yield responses in an open commercial area (field scale) cultivated under conditions of artificial light supplementation. A commercial irrigated (pivot) area received an illumination system for light supplementation (LS) in its inner pivot spans. About 40 hours of LS were applied to the plants during the soybean crop cycle. The area’s outer pivot spans did not receive light supplementation (nLS). The internode number, the plant height, the pods per plant were evaluated weekly to compute the area under the progress curve (AUPC). The grain yield at harvest was also assessed. The AUPC of the internode number, plant height and pods per plant were positively affected by the LS treatment. The regular soybean cycle (nLS) is about 17 weeks; however, the LS harvest occurred three weeks later. Light supplementation increased soybean grain yield by 57.3% and profitability by 180% when compared to nLS. Although light supplementation at field scale poses a challenge, it is now affordable since sustainable field resistant technologies are now available. The present study is the first known report of light supplementation used to improve soybean crop production at field scale.

scholarly journals PLANT DENSITY AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON COMMON BEAN NUTRITION AND YIELD

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGÉRIO PERES SORATTO ◽  
TIAGO ARANDA CATUCHI ◽  
EMERSON DE FREITAS CORDOVA DE SOUZA ◽  
JADER LUIS NANTES GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Lower Plant

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of plant densities and sidedressed nitrogen (N) rates on nutrition and productive performance of the common bean cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola. For each cultivar, a randomized complete block experimental design was used in a split-plot arrangement, with three replicates. Plots consisted of three plant densities (5, 7, and 9 plants ha-1) and subplots of five N rates (0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1). Aboveground dry matter, leaf macro- and micronutrient concentrations, yield components, grain yield, and protein concentration in grains were evaluated. Lower plant densities (5 and 7 plants m-1) increased aboveground dry matter production and the number of pods per plant and did not reduce grain yield. In the absence of N fertilization, reduction of plant density decreased N concentration in common bean leaves. Nitrogen fertilization linearly increased dry matter and leaf N concentration, mainly at lower plant densities. Regardless of plant density, the N supply linearly increased grain yield of cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola by 17.3 and 52.2%, respectively.

Response of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) to plant density and phosphorus fertilizer under dryland conditions

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. S. Ahlawat ◽  
C. S. Saraf
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Total N ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Densities

SUMMARYField studies were made for 2 years on a sandy loam soil under dryland conditions of north-west India with three pigeon-pea varieties in relation to plant density and the application of phosphate fertilizer. Varieties Pusa Ageti and P4785 with better developed root system and profuse nodulation had higher grain and stalk yield, and higher N and P yield than Prabhat. Root and shoot growth and root nodulation were adversely affected with increasing plant densities in the range 50 × 103 and 150 × 103 plants/ha. Stalk and total N and P yield increased with increasing plant density. Plant density of 117 × 103 plants/ha produced maximum grain yield of 1·53 t/ha. Phosphorus fertilizer promoted root and shoot growth, intensity and volume of nodulation and increased grain, stalk, N and P yield. The effect of plant density on grain yield was more pronounced in the presence of phosphate fertilizer. The economic optimum rate of P ranged between 22·1 and 23·1 kg/ha under different plant densities.

scholarly journals Patterns of tillering and grain production of winter wheat at a wide range of plant densities.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Darwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Densities

The effect of plant density on the growth and productivity of the various ear-bearing stems of winter wheat was studied in detail to obtain information on the pattern of grain production of crops grown under field conditions. Strong compensation effects were measured: a 160-fold increase in plant density (5-800 plants/m2) finally resulted in a 3-fold increase in grain yield (282 to 850 g DM/m2). Max. grain yield was achieved at 100 plants/m2, which corresponded to 430 ears/m2 and to about 19 000 grains/m2. At higher plant densities more ears and more grains were produced, but grain yield remained constant. Tillering/plant was largely favoured by low plant densities because these allowed tiller formation to continue for a longer period and a greater proportion of tillers produced ears. However, at higher plant densities more tillers/unit area were formed and, despite a higher mortality, more ears were produced. The productivity of individual ears, from main stems as well as from tillers, decreased with increasing plant density and with later emergence of shoots. In the range from 5 to 800 plants/m2 grain yield/ear decreased from 2.40 to 1.14 g DM. At 800 plants/m2 nearly all ears originated from main stems, but with decreasing plant density tillers contributed increasingly to the number of ears. At 5 plants/m2, there were 23 ears/plant and grain yield/ear ranged from 4.20 (main stem) to 1.86 g DM (late-formed stems). Grain number/ear was reduced at higher densities and on younger stems, because there were fewer fertile spikelets and fewer grains in these spikelets. At the low density of 5 plants/m2, plants developed solitarily and grain yield/ear was determined by the number of grains/ear as well as by grain wt. Above 400 ears/m2, in this experiment reached at 100 plants/m2 and more, grain yield/ear depended solely on grain number, because the wt. of grains of the various stems were similar. The harvest index showed a max. of about 44% at a moderate plant density; at this density nearly max. grain yield was achieved. At low plant densities the harvest index decreased from 45% in main stems to about 36% in late-formed stems. However, no differences in harvest index existed between the various ear-bearing stems if the number of ears exceeded 400/m2. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Increasing population density reduces soybean yield components and productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37042
Author(s):  
Marcelo De Almeida Silva ◽  
Ana Carolina De Santana Soares ◽  
Melina Rodrigues Alves Carnietto ◽  
Alexandrius De Moraes Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Growth Type ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Plant Yields

Studies addressing the interaction of different spatial arrangement in soybean are needed in order to achieve management that leads to higher grain yield associated with rational seed use. The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield components and productivity of an undetermined growth type soybean as a function of different row spacing and plant densities. The treatments consisted of three row spaces (0.25, 0.35 and 0.45 m) and three plant population densities (30, 40 and 50 plants/m²). There was no interaction of row spaces and plant population on soybean yield. Regarding the overall spacing average, the grain yield of the population of 30/m² plants was higher than the productivity of the populations of 40 and 50/m² plants. The largest populations reduce plant sizes due to greater competition between plants. In addition, smaller populations promote higher individual plant yields due to the increase components of the production. This characteristic is defined as the ability of the plant to change its morphology and yield components in order to adapt to the conditions imposed by the spatial arrangement.

Grain yield responses to nitrogen rate in two elite double-cropped inbred rice cultivars released 41 years apart

2020 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 107970
Author(s):  
Min Huang ◽  
Tao Lei ◽  
Fangbo Cao ◽  
Jiana Chen ◽  
Shuanglü Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Yield Responses

Comparing the nitrogen and phosphorus requirements of canola and wheat for grain yield and quality

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 566 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Brennan ◽  
M. D. A. Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Yield Responses

Canola (oilseed rape, Brassica napus L.) is now grown in rotation with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on the predominantly sandy soils of south-western Australia. For both crop species, fertiliser nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) need to be applied for profitable grain production. The fertiliser N requirements have been determined separately for canola or wheat when adequate P was applied. By contrast, the fertiliser P requirements of the 2 species have been compared in the same experiment when adequate N was applied and showed that canola consistently required ~25–60% less P than wheat to produce 90% of the maximum grain yield. We report results of a field experiment conducted at 7 sites from 2000 to 2003 in the region to compare grain yield responses of canola and wheat to application of N and P in the same experiment. Four levels of N (0–138 kg N/ha as urea [46% N]) and 6 levels of P (0–40 kg P/ha as superphosphate [9.1%P]) were applied. Significant grain yield responses to applied N and P occurred for both crop species at all sites of the experiment, and the N × P interaction for grain production was always significant. To produce 90% of the maximum grain yield, canola required ~40% more N (range 16–75%) than wheat, and ~25% less P (range 12–43%) than wheat. For both crop species at 7 sites, applying increasing levels of N had no significant effect on the level of P required for 90% of maximum grain yield, although at 1 site the level of P required to achieve the target yield for both crop species when no N was applied (nil-N treatment) was significantly lower than for the other 3 treatments treated with N. For both crop species at all 7 sites, applying increasing levels of P increased the level of N required for 90% of the maximum grain yield. Fertiliser P had no significant effect on protein concentration in canola and wheat grain, and oil concentration in canola grain. As found in previous studies, application of increasing levels of N decreased oil concentration while increasing protein concentration in canola grain, and increased protein concentration in wheat grain. The N × P interaction was not significant for protein or oil concentration in grain. Protein concentrations in canola grain were about double those found in wheat grain.

Growth and yield responses of rice to carbon dioxide concentration

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Baker ◽  
L. H. Allen ◽  
K. J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Yield Responses

SUMMARYRice plants (Oryza salivaL., cv. IR30) were grown in paddy culture in outdoor, naturally sunlit, controlled-environment, plant growth chambers at Gainesville, Florida, USA, in 1987. The rice plants were exposed throughout the season to subambient (160 and 250), ambient (330) or superambient (500, 660, 900 μmol CO2/mol air) CO2concentrations. Total shoot biomass, root biomass, tillering, and final grain yield increased with increasing CO2concentration, thegreatest increase occurring between the 160 and 500 μmol CO2/mol air treatments. Early in the growing season, root:shoot biomass ratio increased with increasing CO2concentration; although the ratio decreased during the growing season, net assimilation rate increased with increasingCO2concentration and decreased during the growing season. Differences in biomass and lamina area among CO2treatments were largely due to corresponding differences in tillering response. The number of panicles/plant was almost entirely responsible for differences in final grain yield among CO2treatments. Doubling the CO2 concentration from 330 to 660 μmol CO2/mol air resulted in a 32 % increase in grain yield. These results suggest that important changes in the growth and yield of rice may be expected in the future as the CO2concentration of the earth's atmosphere continues to rise.

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