Quantitative genetic analysis of grain yield in an Australian Brassica napus doubled-haploid population

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosy Raman ◽  
Simon Diffey ◽  
Jason Carling ◽  
Ray B. Cowley ◽  
Andrzej Kilian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Marker Loci ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Dh Lines

High yield is a major objective in canola-breeding programs. We analysed the genetic determinants controlling variation in grain yield in a doubled-haploid (DH) breeding population derived from a single BC1F1 plant from the cross Skipton/Ag-Spectrum//Skipton (designated as the SAgS population). DH lines were evaluated for flowering time and yield in two replicated trials and exhibited significant genetic variation for both traits. Yield showed negative correlation with flowering time; lines that flowered earlier had higher yield than late-flowering lines. A genetic linkage map comprising 7716 DArTseq markers was constructed for the SAgS population, and a ‘bin’ map based on 508 discrete single-position (non-co-segregating) marker loci was used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. We identified 20 QTLs (LOD ≥2) associated with variation in flowering time and grain yield. Two QTLs (Qy.wwai-A7/Qdtf.wwai-A7/Qfs.wwai-A7 and Qy.wwai-C3a/Qfs.wwai-C3a) appeared repeatedly across experiments, accounting for 4.9–19% of the genotypic variation in flowering time and yield and were located on chromosomes A07 and C03. We identified 22 putative candidate genes for flowering time as well as grain yield, and all were located in a range of 935 bp to 2.97 Mb from markers underlying QTLs. This research provides useful information to be used for breeding high-yielding canola varieties by combining favourable alleles for early flowering and higher grain yield at loci on chromosomes A07, C03 and possibly on A06.

In vitro and in vivo screening for cold tolerance in winter × spring wheat-derived doubled haploids following the wheat × maize system

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
S. Sharma ◽  
H. Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Ttc Test

Seventy-eight doubled haploid (DH) lines, derived from 21 elite and diverse winter × spring wheat F 1 hybrids, following the wheat × maize system, were screened along with the parental genotypes under in vitro and in vivo conditions for cold tolerance. Under in vitro conditions, the 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test was used to characterize the genotypes for cold tolerance. Based on the TTC test, only one doubled haploid, DH 69, was characterized as cold-tolerant, seven DH and five winter wheat parents were moderately tolerant, while the rest were susceptible. Analysis of variance under in vivo conditions also indicated the presence of sufficient genetic variability among the genotypes (DH lines + parents) for all the yield-contributing traits under study. The correlation and path analysis studies underlined the importance of indirect selection for tillers per plant, harvest index and grains per spike in order to improve grain yield. It was also concluded that selection should not be practised for grain weight per spike as it would adversely affect the grain yield per plant. When comparing the field performance of the genotypes with the in vitro screening parameters, it was concluded that in addition to the TTC test, comprising a single parameter, other physiological and biochemical in vitro parameters should be identified, which clearly distinguish between cold-tolerant and susceptible genotypes and also correlate well with their performance under field conditions.

scholarly journals Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci for 1000-Grain Weight in a Double Haploid Population of Common Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Lijun Wu ◽  
Xiaolong Gan ◽  
Wenjie Chen ◽  
Baolong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Yield Trait ◽  
Haploid Population ◽  
Trait Locus

Thousand-grain weight (TGW) is a very important yield trait of crops. In the present study, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of TGW in a doubled haploid population obtained from a cross between the bread wheat cultivar “Superb” and the breeding line “M321” using the wheat 55-k single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assay. A genetic map containing 15,001 SNP markers spanning 2209.64 cM was constructed, and 9 QTLs were mapped to chromosomes 1A, 2D, 4B, 4D, 5A, 5D, 6A, and 6D based on analyses conducted in six experimental environments during 2015–2017. The effects of the QTLs qTgw.nwipb-4DS and qTgw.nwipb-6AL were shown to be strong and stable in different environments, explaining 15.31–32.43% and 21.34–29.46% of the observed phenotypic variance, and they were mapped within genetic distances of 2.609 cM and 5.256 cM, respectively. These novel QTLs may be used in marker-assisted selection in wheat high-yield breeding.

scholarly journals Evaluation of reciprocal cross populations for spike-related traits in early consecutive generations of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-528
Author(s):  
Imren Kutlu ◽  
Alpay Balkan ◽  
Kayıhan Korkut ◽  
Oguz Bilgin ◽  
Ismet Baser
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Successive Generations

Breeding effort on increasing grain yield of wheat will incessantly continue because it is indispensable product. Obtaining the genetic information such as genotypic variation, heritability, genetic advance is the fundamental components of these studies. It is important that the maternal effects are put forward throughout successive generations because of genotypic and/or environmental effects as far as variation. This research was conducted to investigate changes of reciprocal crosses throughout successive generations and determine selection criteria for high yield in early generations. For this purpose, the populations were analyzed with regard to genotypic and phenotypic variation coefficient, heritability, genetic advance and Unweighted Pair Group Method (UPGMA) cluster analysis for real crosses, reciprocals and all genotypes separately. According to the results, heritability and genetic advance values of traits investigated were highly varied throughout successive generations among real crosses, reciprocals and all genotypes. This finding indicated that non-additive gen effects or epitasis played a role in inheritance of all traits. Dissimilarity of crosses than their reciprocals indicated variation of successive generation. Dissimilarity value of each parent differed as generation progresses according to combination created. This condition suggested that there were maternal effects in this population throughout successive generations. Grain weight per spike, spike harvest index and spike density had high direct and indirect effects on the grain yield at all of three generations, it proved that these traits can be a selection criterion for early generations. Sana was the best parent and ?Bezostaja x Krasunia? and ?Krasunia x Pehlivan? were best performance in most of traits at all generations.

Quantitative trait locus analysis of late maturity a-amylase in wheat using the doubled haploid population Cranbrook Halberd

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mrva ◽  
D. J. Mares
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Locus ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Haploid Population ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Trait Locus

Mapping of the late maturity α-amylase (LMA) gene using quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis represents an important step in identification of potential molecular markers that would greatly improve efficiency and accuracy of screening for LMA. QTL controlling the expression of LMA in wheat were detected in a doubled haploid (DH) cross/population derived from wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) cultivars Cranbrook (LMA source) and Halberd (non-LMA). The DH population and parents were sown in replicated trials at Narrabri with sowing times differing by 2 weeks. Cool temperature treatment of detached tillers was used to induce expression of LMA in lines carrying the defect. The number of grains in ripe, treated tillers that contained high pI (malt, germination type) α-amylase isozymes was measured using an ELISA antibody kit highly specific for high pI isozymes. QTL analyses were conducted separately for each sowing, but results from both sowings were consistent and indicated that there was a highly significant (P < 0.001) QTL on the long arm of chromosome 7B (accounting for 31% of the variation in the first experiment), with Cranbrook contributing the higher value allele. A second QTL that accounted for 13% of the variation was found close to the centromere on chromosome 3B. Although it was less important than the QTL on 7B it was nevertheless still significant (P < 0.05).

Effect of sowing time on yield and agronomic characteristics of wheat in south-eastern Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Gomez-Macpherson ◽  
RA Richards
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The main environmental constraints to the yield of dryland wheat in south-eastern Australia are: a low and erratic rainfall throughout the growing season, the chance of frost at flowering time, and high temperatures during the grain-filling period. The aims of this work were threefold. Firstly, to determine which sowing period minimizes these constraints and results in the highest yields. Secondly, what is the optimum flowering time for a given sowing date so that maximum yield is achieved. The third aim was to determine whether any crop characteristic was associated with high yield or may limit yield in the different sowings. The experiments were conducted at three sites in New South Wales that were representative of dry (Condobolin) and cooler and wetter (Moombooldool, Wagga Wagga) sites in the south-eastern wheatbelt. In this study several sets of isogenic material, involving a total of 23 genotypes, that were similar in all respects except for flowering time, were sown early (mid-April and early May), normal (mid to late May) and late (June to mid July). Characteristics of the highest-yielding lines in each experiment are presented. The average flowering time of the highest yielding lines in all sowings had a range of only 12 days at the driest site, but a range of over 20 days at the coolest and wettest site. The optimum anthesis date (day of year, y) was related to sowing date (day of year, doy) at the cooler sites such that: y = 245+0.32 doy (r2 = 0.86) and at Condobolin, y = 253+0.19 doy (r2 = 0.91). Optimum anthesis date expressed in thermal time (�C days) after sowing (y) was related to sowing time (doy) as follows: y = 2709 -8-3 doy (r2 = 0.84). It is suggested that these relationships are likely to be quite robust and should hold true for similar thermal environments in eastern Australia. There was little variation in grain yield between the earliest sowing in mid-April (108 doy) and sowings throughout May (up to 147 doy). Grain yield declined 1.3% per day that sowing was delayed after late May. Aboveground biomass was substantially higher in early sown crops. However, this did not translate into higher yields. From the evidence presented it is argued that the principal reason that greater yields were not obtained in the early sowings, particularly in the April sowing, was the greater competition for assimilates between the growing spike and the elongating stem. It is suggested that a way of overcoming this competition is to genetically shorten the stems of winter wheats. This should capitalize on the considerable advantages in terms of water use efficiency that early sowing offers and result in greater yields. Barley yellow dwarf virus, although present at the cooler, wettest site in one year, was more frequent in the later sowings than in the early sowing and was not likely to have contributed to the lower than expected yields in the early sowings.

Mapping QTL for grain yield, yield components, and spike features in a doubled haploid population of bread wheat

Genome ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 517-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahram Heidari ◽  
Badraldin Ebrahim Sayed-Tabatabaei ◽  
Ghodratollah Saeidi ◽  
Michael Kearsey ◽  
Kazuhiro Suenaga
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Dh Population ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Haploid Population ◽  
Major Qtl

A doubled haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between the Japanese cultivar ‘Fukuho-kumogi’ and the Israeli wheat line ‘Oligoculm’ was used to map genome regions involved in the expression of grain yield, yield components, and spike features in wheat (Triticum aestivum L). A total of 371 markers (RAPD, SSR, RFLP, AFLP, and two morphological traits) were used to construct the linkage map that covered 4190 cM of wheat genome including 28 linkage groups. The results of composite interval mapping for all studied traits showed that some of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) were stable over experiments conducted in 2004 and 2005. The major QTL located in the Hair–Xpsp2999 interval on chromosome 1A controlled the expression of grains/spike (R2 = 12.9% in 2004 and 22.4% in 2005), grain weight/spike (R2 = 21.4% in 2004 and 15.8% in 2005), and spike number (R2 = 15.6% in 2004 and 5.4% in 2005). The QTL for grain yield located on chromosomes 6A, 6B, and 6D totally accounted for 27.2% and 31.7% of total variation in this trait in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Alleles inherited from ‘Oligoculm’ increased the length of spikes and had decreasing effects on spike number. According to the data obtained in 2005, locus Xgwm261 was associated with a highly significant spike length QTL (R2 = 42.33%) and also the major QTL for spikelet compactness (R2 = 26.1%).

Introgression of B-genome chromosomes in a doubled haploid population of Brassica napus × B. carinata

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 619-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. K. Navabi ◽  
I. A.P. Parkin ◽  
J. C. Pires ◽  
Z. Xiong ◽  
M. R. Thiagarajah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Erucic Acid Content ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Dh Population ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Dh Lines

The Brassica B-genome species possess many valuable agronomic and disease resistance traits. To transfer traits from the B genome of B. carinata into B. napus , an interspecific cross between B. napus and B. carinata was performed and a doubled haploid (DH) population was generated from the BC2S3 generation. Successful production of interspecific DH lines as identified using B-genome microsatellite markers is reported. Five percent of DH lines carry either intact B-genome chromosomes or chromosomes that have deletions. All of the DH lines have linkage group J13/B7 in common. This was further confirmed using B. nigra genomic DNA in a fluorescent in situ hybridization assay where the B-genome chromosomes were visualized and distinguished from the A- and C-genome chromosomes. The 60 DH lines were also evaluated for morphological traits in the field for two seasons and were tested for resistance to blackleg, caused by Leptosphaeria maculans , under greenhouse conditions. Variation in the DH population followed a normal distribution for several agronomic traits and response to blackleg. The lines with B-genome chromosomes were significantly different (p < 0.01) from the lines without B-genome chromosomes for both morphological and seed quality traits such as days to flowering, days to maturity, and erucic acid content.

scholarly journals Grain-yield stability among tropical maize hybrids derived from doubled-haploid inbred lines under random drought stress and optimum moisture conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Pyton Sserumaga ◽  
Yoseph Beyene ◽  
Kiru Pillay ◽  
Alois Kullaya ◽  
Sylvester O. Oikeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Drought Conditions

Drought is a devastating environmental stress in agriculture and hence a common target of plant breeding. A review of breeding progress on drought tolerance shows that, to a certain extent, selection for high yield in stress-free conditions indirectly improves yield in water-limiting conditions. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the genotype × environment (GE) interaction for grain yield (GY) and other agronomic traits for maize (Zea mays L.) across East African agro-ecologies; and (ii) evaluate agronomic performance and stability in Uganda and Tanzania under optimum and random drought conditions. Data were recorded for major agronomic traits. Genotype main effect plus GE (GGE) biplot analysis was used to assess the stability of varieties within various environments and across environments. Combined analysis of variance across optimum moisture and random drought environments indicated that locations, mean-squares for genotypes and GE were significant for most measured traits. The best hybrids, CKDHH1097 and CKDHH1090, gave GY advantages of 23% and 43%, respectively, over the commercial hybrid varieties under both optimum-moisture and random-drought conditions. Across environments, genotypic variance was less than the GE variance for GY. The hybrids derived from doubled-haploid inbred lines produced higher GY and possessed acceptable agronomic traits compared with the commercial hybrids. Hybrid CKDHH1098 ranked second-best under optimum-moisture and drought-stress environments and was the most stable with broad adaptation to both environments. Use of the best doubled-haploids lines in testcross hybrids make-up, well targeted to the production environments, could boost maize production among farmers in East Africa.

scholarly journals Novel Septoria Speckled Leaf Blotch Resistance Loci in a Barley Doubled-Haploid Population

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Luckert ◽  
Hala Toubia-Rahme ◽  
Brian J. Steffenson ◽  
Thin-Meiw Choo ◽  
Stephen J. Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Marker Assisted Breeding ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Diversity Arrays Technology ◽  
Haploid Population ◽  
Trait Locus

The genetics of resistance to Septoria speckled leaf blotch (SSLB), caused by Septoria passerinii, was studied in the Leger × CIho9831 barley doubled-haploid population. The 140 lines in the population segregated as 102 resistant and 38 susceptible, approximating a 3:1 ratio. A recombination map was developed using diversity arrays technology and other molecular markers. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis demonstrated that resistance is primarily conferred either by having the CIho9831 allele at a QTL on 6HS or by having the CIho9831 allele at both of two QTLs on 3H and 2HL. In addition, ≈1/16 of the lines were resistant for unidentified reasons. This model predicts a resistant/susceptible ratio of 11:5, which fits the phenotypic observations. Minor QTLs were detected on 2HS and 1H. DNA sequences of linked markers suggest that the 6HS, 3H, and 2HS QTLs are part of resistance gene clusters and that the 6HS and 3H QTLs share homology. The 6HS QTL is identical to or closely linked to the SSLB resistance locus Rsp4 and the 1H QTL to the Rsp2 or Rsp3 locus. The 3H and 2HS QTLs are unique and offer new opportunities for pyramiding resistance genes through marker-assisted breeding for resistance to S. passerinii.

Doubled haploids for locating polygenes

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Marker Loci ◽  
Haploid Population ◽  
Map Distance

A biometrical method, making use of one or two marker genes, was proposed for use in doubled-haploid populations to locate polygenes. A polygene, if located between two closely linked marker loci, can be detected in a doubled-haploid population derived from a cross of two diploid inbred parents. In addition, the presence of additive epistasis can be detected. If the map distance between the two marker loci is so close that the frequency of double crossing-over can be neglected, then the recombination values between the polygene and either marker gene can be estimated, and the additive effect of the polygene can be determined in the absence of pleiotropy. Further, the contribution of the polygene to the quantitative trait relative to all other polygenes can be measured from the experiment if double crossing-over and epistasis are absent. Note that the proposed method can be used as an adjunct to haploid breeding routines and other genetical experiments.

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