Sugarcane seed composition and changes during artificial ageing

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Siqueira ◽  
J. S. Pierre ◽  
A. El Tahchy ◽  
D. Glassop ◽  
S. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Artificial Ageing ◽  
Seed Composition ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
Vegetative Cuttings

Sugarcane (Poaceae) has not undergone any commercial selection based upon seed characteristics. As the plant is grown from vegetative cuttings and the stalk harvested for its sucrose content, relatively little is known about its seed compared with other grass crops. The seeds of sugarcane were small, 1.8 × 0.8 mm, and the embryo comprised about one-third of the seed volume. Among the samples analysed, the seed contained on average 37%, 20% and 10% of the fresh weight as starch, protein and lipid, respectively. Histochemical staining showed that the starch was confined to the endosperm and the lipid to the embryo and aleurone layer. Protein was found in the embryo, endosperm and aleurone layer. There were small but significant differences between the sources of sugarcane seed. The wild relative S. spontaneum had significantly less starch than the commercial hybrid sugarcane seed. The lipid content was higher for sugarcane seed than for the seeds of many other grasses, possibly because of the high ratio of lipid-containing embryo to endosperm. Following artificial ageing, the observed decline in seed viability was not closely reflected by any significant changes in composition, although protein and sugars were reduced after 168 h. These results contribute to our understanding of the sexual reproductive biology of sugarcane, which is important for the science-based environmental risk evaluation of the release of genetically modified sugarcane.

scholarly journals Comparative Proteomics at the Critical Node of Vigor Loss in Wheat Seeds Differing in Storability

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuling Chen ◽  
Andreas Börner ◽  
Xia Xin ◽  
Manuela Nagel ◽  
Juanjuan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Artificial Ageing ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Cell Defense ◽  
Critical Node ◽  
Cytotoxic Compounds ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The critical node (CN, 85% germination) of seed viability is an important threshold for seed regeneration decisions after long-term conservation. Dependent on the germplasm, the storage period until CN is reached varies and information on the divergence of the proteomic profiles is limited. Therefore, the study aims to identify key proteins and mechanisms relevant for a long plateau phase and a late CN during artificial seed aging of wheat. Seeds of the storage-tolerant genotype (ST) TRI 23248, and the storage-sensitive genotype (SS) TRI 10230 were exposed to artificial ageing (AA) and extracted embryos of imbibed seeds were analyzed using an iTRAQ-based proteomic technique. ST and SS required AA for 24 and 18 days to reach the CN, respectively. Fifty-seven and 165 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were observed in the control and aged groups, respectively. Interestingly, a higher activity in metabolic processes, protein synthesis, transcription, cell growth/division, and signal transduction were already found in imbibed embryos of control ST seeds. After AA, 132 and 64 DAPs were accumulated in imbibed embryos of both aged ST and SS seeds, respectively, which were mainly associated with cell defense, rescue, and metabolism. Moreover, 78 DAPs of ST appeared before CN and were mainly enriched in biological pathways related to the maintenance of redox and carbon homeostasis and they presented a stronger protein translation ability. In contrast, in SS, only 3 DAPs appeared before CN and were enriched only in the structural constituents of the cytoskeleton. In conclusion, a longer span of plateau phase might be obtained in seeds when proteins indicate an intense stress response before CN and include the effective maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and avoidance of excess accumulation of cytotoxic compounds. Although key proteins, inherent factors and the precise regulatory mechanisms need to be further investigated, the found proteins may also have functional potential roles during long-term seed conservation.

Seed and Germination Biology ofDittrichia graveolens(Stinkwort)

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel N. Brownsey ◽  
Guy B. Kyser ◽  
Joseph M. DiTomaso
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Thermal Time Model ◽  
Seed Characteristics

AbstractUnderstanding seed characteristics and seedling establishment patterns is essential for the development of effective management strategies for invasive annual species.Dittrichia graveolens(stinkwort) has increased its range rapidly within California since 1995, yet its biology is not well understood, which has led to poorly timed management. In this study, seed viability, germination, longevity, and dormancy, as well as seedling emergence characteristics ofD. graveolenswere evaluated in field, greenhouse, and laboratory experiments in Davis, CA, over a 2-yr period (fall 2010 to summer 2012). In the laboratory, seed germination ofD. graveolensoccurred at a wide range of constant temperatures (12 to 34 C). Cumulative germination was comparable to total seed viability (80 to 95%) at optimal germination temperatures, indicating that primary (innate) dormancy is likely absent. The base temperature for germination was identified using a thermal time model: 6.5 C and 4 C for 2010 and 2011 seed populations, respectively. In the field, seedlings emerged from fall through spring following precipitation events. A very low percentage of seedlings (2.5%) emerged in the second year after planting. Equivalent seedling emergence was observed over a wide range of light conditions (100, 50, 27, and 9% of available sunlight) in a greenhouse experiment, indicating that seed germination is not limited by high or low light. Results from these seed experiments improve our understanding of the reproductive biology of this rapidly expanding exotic annual and provide valuable information for developing effective timing and longevity of management programs.

scholarly journals Derivation of Constants (KE, CW) for the Viability Equation for Pepper Seeds and the Subsequent Test of Its Applicability

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1679-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Demir ◽  
B. Begüm Kenanoglu ◽  
Kazim Mavi ◽  
Tuba Celikkol ◽  
Fiona Hay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Subsequent Test ◽  
Viability Loss ◽  
Orthodox Seeds ◽  
Controlled Deterioration ◽  
Pepper Cultivar

The effect of moisture on seed longevity during experimental storage was investigated in pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivar Demre. Seeds were stored hermetically at 7.0%, 8.6%, 9.5%, 10.5%, and 12.1% moisture content (MC; percent fresh weight basis) and 35 °C for up to 306 d. Viability (normal germination) was assessed periodically and the seed viability equation moisture constants, KE and CW, estimated by regression of log σ (the sd of distribution of seed death in time) with log MC. KE and CW values were found to be 7.767 and 4.670, respectively. The newly found moisture constants were combined with the temperature constants that had already been proposed as universal for all orthodox seeds (CH = 0.0329, CQ = 0.000478) and their validity was tested by predicting the viability loss in another pepper cultivar, Carliston. The Ki of the Carliston cultivar was determined by controlled deterioration at 40 °C and 14% MC. The observed viability loss between 30 and 270 d at 25 °C and 10% seed MC was closely related to that predicted by the equation R2 = 0.982 (P < 0.001).

Assessing the Pattern of Seed Development and Maturation in Yard Long Bean [Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt]

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sakthivel ◽  
J. Renugadevi ◽  
K. Raja ◽  
R. Swarnapriya
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
North India ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Seed Characteristics

Background: Seed maturation is genetically controlled process involves a sequence of morphological and physiological changes extending from fertilization to total independence from the mother plant. Yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L) verdcourt) is an important leguminous vegetable crop which meets greater demand of the vegetable especially in South India and some parts of North India. However, information on optimum harvest time of yard long bean seeds are still limited. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the physiological maturity of yard long bean to obtain good quality of seeds for better planting value. Methods: The laboratory experiment was carried out at Department of Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India to determine the appropriate time of harvesting yard long bean cv. Arka Mangala seeds. The crop was raised as bulk in the field during kharif season of 2019 and the pods were harvested at three days interval from 3 days after anthesis (DAA) to 30 DAA and subjected for determinations of pod and seed characteristics. Result: The results revealed that pod length, pod fresh weight and pod dry weight increased rapidly during 3 DAA to 12 DAA and showed maximum pod length (67.7 cm), pod fresh weight (28.56 g/pod) at 12 DAA. The seeds attained physiological maturity at about 24 DAA with 22 per cent moisture content concurred with maximum dry weight (18.80 g/100 seeds), protein content (18.6%) and maximum physiological parameters viz., speed of germination (7.1), germination per cent (94%), root length (23.5 cm), shoot length (20.5 cm), dry matter production (0.949 g/10 seedlings), vigour index I (4136) and vigour index II (89).

scholarly journals Influencing Stock Production of Mojave Sage and Cape Daisy with the Application of Plant Growth Regulators

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sean J. Markovic ◽  
James E. Klett
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Vegetative Cuttings

This study aimed to assess the effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on stock plant production of mojave sage (Salvia pachyphylla) and ‘Avalanche’ cape daisy (Osteospermum hybrid) that received foliar sprays of the following three PGRs: 200 and 400 ppm ethephon; 250 and 500 ppm benzyladenine; and 50 and 100 ppm gibberellic acid 4 and 7 (GA4+7) plus benzyladenine. Vegetative growth [height and width growth index (GI)], the number of vegetative cuttings, and fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of the harvested vegetative cuttings data were collected. A propagation study was conducted concurrently to determine the effects of the PGR treatments on rooting vegetative cuttings. GA4+7 plus benzyladenine (50 and 100 ppm) increased the production of both mojave sage and ‘Avalanche’ cape daisy cuttings by ≥18% more than the other treatments. The GI, FW, and DW results showed similar trends across experiments 1 and 2 for each perennial. In the propagation study, the rooting percentage did not differ after 4 weeks, indicating that the use of GA4+7 plus benzyladenine in production protocols could benefit producers of both perennials.

scholarly journals OsGRETCHENHAGEN3-2 modulates rice seed storability via accumulation of abscisic acid and protective substances

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyang Yuan ◽  
Kai Fan ◽  
Yuntong Wang ◽  
Li Tian ◽  
Chaopu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Artificial Ageing ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Seed Storability

Abstract Seed storability largely determines the vigor of seeds during storage and is significant in agriculture and ecology. However, the underlying genetic basis remains unclear. In the present study, we report the cloning and characterization of the rice (Oryza sativa) indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amido synthetase gene GRETCHEN HAGEN3-2 (OsGH3-2) associated with seed storability. OsGH3-2 was identified by performing a genome-wide association study in rice germplasms with linkage mapping in chromosome substitution segment lines, contributing to the wide variation of seed viability in the populations after long periods of storage and artificial ageing. OsGH3-2 was dominantly expressed in the developing seeds and catalyzed IAA conjugation to amino acids, forming inactive auxin. Transgenic overexpression, knockout and knockdown experiments demonstrated that OsGH3-2 affected seed storability by regulating the accumulation level of abscisic acid. Overexpression of OsGH3-2 significantly decreased seed storability, while knockout or knockdown of the gene enhanced seed storability compared with the wild type. OsGH3-2 acted as a negative regulator of seed storability by modulating many genes related to the abscisic acid pathway and probably subsequently late embryogenesis-abundant proteins at the transcription level. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying seed storability and will facilitate the improvement of seed vigor by genomic breeding and gene-editing approaches in rice.

scholarly journals Increasing Stock Production of Two Herbaceous Perennials with the Application of Plant Growth Regulators

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-427
Author(s):  
Sean J. Markovic ◽  
James E. Klett
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vegetative Cuttings

The objective of these experiments was to evaluate the reaction of ‘Snow Angel’ coral bells (Heuchera sanguinea) and Orange Carpet hummingbird trumpet (Epilobium canum ssp. garrettii ‘PWWG01S’) to repeated foliar applications of three plant growth regulators at two application rates. The plant growth regulators applied during a stock plant study and followed by a propagation study were 200 and 400 ppm ethephon, 250 and 500 ppm benzyladenine, and 50 and 100 ppm gibberellic acid 4 and 7 (GA4+7) + benzyladenine. The stock plant study was conducted to assess the efficacy of plant growth regulators, vegetative growth (height and width growth index), the number of vegetative cuttings, as well as the fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of the harvested vegetative cuttings. The propagation study was conducted to determine the effects of the plant growth regulator treatments on the rooting of the vegetative cuttings. The stock plant study showed that GA4+7 + benzyladenine (50 and 100 ppm) significantly increased production of ‘Snow Angel’ coral bells cuttings compared with all other treatments. However, no significant differences in FW or DW were observed with ‘Snow Angel’ coral bells between treatments. In the propagation study, no significant difference in rooting percentage was observed after 4 weeks. The Orange Carpet hummingbird trumpet stock plant study resulted in a greater number of vegetative cuttings with GA4+7 + benzyladenine (50 and 100 ppm) and benzyladenine (250 ppm) treatments. Fresh weight of vegetative cuttings harvested from plants treated with GA4+7 + benzyladenine (50 or 100 ppm) were the lowest. The only treatment that showed increased vegetative cutting production with no effect on FW was benzyladenine (250 ppm) on Orange Carpet hummingbird trumpet.

scholarly journals SSR analysis of genetic changes during artificial ageing of rice seeds stored under gene bank management

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Adeboye ◽  
O. W. Adabale ◽  
J. A. Adetumbi ◽  
M. A. Ayo-Vaughan ◽  
I. O. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Artificial Ageing ◽  
Genetic Integrity ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Rice Seeds

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate ageing-induced genetic changes and to establish physiological thresholds for loss of genetic integrity during ageing or storage of rice seeds. In the first experiment, seeds of 10 varieties of rice were subjected to artificial ageing in chambers conditioned to 55°C and 72±2% RH for 72 hours. In the second experiment, seeds of 4 varieties of rice stored in the NACGRAB gene bank, Nigeria in 2011 at 5± 4°C were compared with seeds of the same accessions freshly harvested in 2013. Data were collected on seed germination and seedling length to estimate the seed vigour index. Genetic changes during the ageing were evaluated by SSR markers using a Direct™ PCR kit. Genetic distance indices were computed using PAST™ software and percentage genetic integrity was estimated from the genetic distance matrices. At 72 hours of artificial ageing, seed germination percentage declined to 54.2% and vigour index 0.8 coinciding with the lowest estimate of genetic integrity of 99.5%. The decline in percentage genetic integrity during the artificial ageing indicated a systematic ageing-induced genetic alteration. SSR primer RM178 revealed variations that suggest losses of alleles in the course of ageing for 2 accessions at between 24 hours in WITA4 and 48 to 51 hours in CG14. In the gene bank storage trial, germination of seeds after one and two years of storage was above 80% and there were no significant differences among the accessions. SSR profiles for all the accessions were also similar. The result partly corroborates the artificial ageing data. This implies that seed viability benchmark of 54% is recommended for regeneration of stored rice seeds in order to maintain optimum genetic integrity during storage.

The preliminary study on the optimum moisture content of ultra-dry storage and its related chemicals in seeds from six crop species

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 506-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Yan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Composition ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Dry Storage

AbstractUltra-dry storage, storing orthodox seeds at ambient temperatures with moisture contents below 5%, can maintain seed viability for long periods with low input. Optimum moisture contents for ultra-dry storage exist and vary substantially among different seed lots due to their differences in desiccation tolerance, which is associated with the accumulation of protective compounds. To study the relationship between moisture contents of ultra-dry stored species, seed composition and the free-radical scavenging activity (FRSA). Eleven seed lots of maize, wheat, pepper, peanut, Chinese cabbage, and cucumber were chosen and multiple stepwise regression analysis was applied. In general, analysis of the seed lots revealed that optimum moisture contents for highest seed viability are below equilibrium moisture at 13% relative humidity and 20°C. Nevertheless, seed composition differed significantly among species. Lipids, flavonoids and the FRSA were significantly negatively correlated with the optimum moisture content of ultra-dry stored whole seeds and accounted for 97.7% of the total variation in the optimum moisture content. Lipids had the highest effect (90.0%) on the optimum moisture content of ultra-dry storage, which is consistent with the previous results. The FRSA and flavonoids accounted for 4.8 and 2.9% of total variation of optimum moisture content of ultra-dry stored whole seeds, respectively. The FRSA and flavonoids were also significantly negatively correlated with the optimum moisture content for non-lipid fraction of ultra-dry stored seeds, and accounted for 74.1 and 15.3% of the total variation in the optimum moisture content, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed viability on drying dynamics

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Ratajczak ◽  
Roman Hołubowicz
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Artificial Ageing ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
High Viability ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Thermal Chamber ◽  
The Common

Abstract ‘Tina’ and ‘Libra’ cultivar seeds of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) beginning germination capacity of 98%, were subjected to artificial ageing. In the thermal chamber, they were twice treated for 72 hours at 45°C. After the treatment, the seeds had lower viability. They germinated at 12% and 0% for ‘Libra’ and ‘Tina’ cultivars, respectively. The dynamics and rate of seed drying were measured in samples with high and low viability. It was found that the seeds of both cultivars with high viability, expressed by high germination capacity, dried at a slower rate than ones with low viability. In the future, this method of estimating the drying rate could probably be used to test seeds with different degrees of viability.

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