Assessing the Pattern of Seed Development and Maturation in Yard Long Bean [Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt]

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sakthivel ◽  
J. Renugadevi ◽  
K. Raja ◽  
R. Swarnapriya
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
North India ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Seed Characteristics

Background: Seed maturation is genetically controlled process involves a sequence of morphological and physiological changes extending from fertilization to total independence from the mother plant. Yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L) verdcourt) is an important leguminous vegetable crop which meets greater demand of the vegetable especially in South India and some parts of North India. However, information on optimum harvest time of yard long bean seeds are still limited. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the physiological maturity of yard long bean to obtain good quality of seeds for better planting value. Methods: The laboratory experiment was carried out at Department of Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India to determine the appropriate time of harvesting yard long bean cv. Arka Mangala seeds. The crop was raised as bulk in the field during kharif season of 2019 and the pods were harvested at three days interval from 3 days after anthesis (DAA) to 30 DAA and subjected for determinations of pod and seed characteristics. Result: The results revealed that pod length, pod fresh weight and pod dry weight increased rapidly during 3 DAA to 12 DAA and showed maximum pod length (67.7 cm), pod fresh weight (28.56 g/pod) at 12 DAA. The seeds attained physiological maturity at about 24 DAA with 22 per cent moisture content concurred with maximum dry weight (18.80 g/100 seeds), protein content (18.6%) and maximum physiological parameters viz., speed of germination (7.1), germination per cent (94%), root length (23.5 cm), shoot length (20.5 cm), dry matter production (0.949 g/10 seedlings), vigour index I (4136) and vigour index II (89).

Pattern of Seed Development and Maturation in Horse Gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Prasath ◽  
C. Menaka ◽  
R. Geetha ◽  
A. Yuvaraja
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Horse Gram ◽  
Macrotyloma Uniflorum ◽  
Agricultural College ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Pod Length

Background: Seed maturation is genetically controlled process involves a series of morphological and physiological changes extending from fertilization to independence from the mother plant. Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam.) is an under exploited legume and it is an inexpensive source of protein, rich in minerals and vitamins. However, information on harvesting time of horse gram seeds are still limited. Therefore, this study was carried out in horse gram to determine the physiological maturity in obtaining good quality of seeds for better planting value.Methods: The laboratory experiment was carried out at Department of Seed Science and Technology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, India to determine the appropriate time of harvesting horse gram var. Paiyur 2 seeds. The crop was raised as bulk in the field during rabi season of 2019 and the pods were harvested in interval of seven days from 7 days after anthesis (DAA) to 56 DAA and subjected for determinations of pod and seed characteristics.Result: The result revealed that, pod length and pod fresh weight of seeds showed a steady increase upto 35 DAA showed maximum pod length (4.76 cm) and fresh weight of pods (6.903 g/10 pods). The seeds attained maximum germination (94%), dry weight (0.859 g/25 seeds) and vigour parameters viz., root length (17.7 cm), shoot length (8.8 cm), dry matter production (0.161 g/10 seedlings), vigour index I (2491) and vigour index II (15) on 49 DAA. 

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen and plant growth regulators on seed yield per plant and seed quality parameters in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2338-2343
Author(s):  
Arpana D. Vaja ◽  
J. B. Patel ◽  
R.N. Daki ◽  
Shital A. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Vigour Index

The present investigation on effect of nitrogen [N0 (Control), N1 (50 kg N/ha), N2 (100 kg N/ha), and N3 (150 kg N/ ha)] and plant growth regulators [G0 (Control), G1 (50 ppm GA3), G2 (50 ppm NAA) and G3 (500 ppm Cycocel)] on seed yield per plant and seed quality parameters in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. GJB 3 was carried out at the Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during kharif 2015-16. The experiment was laid out in field as per randomized block design (Factorial) with three replications. The seed harvested from 16 different treatments combinations replicated thrice from the field were analyzed in the laboratory following completely randomized design (factorial) for various seed quality parameters. Application of nitrogen @ 150 kg N/ha recorded significantly (P<0.05) highest seed yield per plant, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and vigour index – 2 (mass), while application of 100 kg N/ha resulted in significantly (P<0.05) highest germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight and vigour index – 1 (length). Application of GA3 at 50 ppm recorded significantly the highest seed yield per plant, germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, vigour index – 1 (length) and vigour index – 2 (mass). Among the 16 different treatment combinations, nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha and GA3 50 ppm noted the maximum seed yield per plant, shoot dry weight and vigour index – 2 (mass), while significantly the maxi-mum germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and vigour index – 1 (length) were registered in treatment combination nitrogen 100 kg N/ha and GA3 @ 50 ppm. Therefore, it is advised that application of 100-150 kg of N/ha as a nitrogenous fertilizer and spray GA3 @ 50 ppm (G1) at 45 days after transplanting helps in increasing the seed yield per plant and seed quality parameters in brinjal seed production.

scholarly journals Comparison of Root Characteristics of Conventionally Grown Cowpeas and Cowpeas Grown without Added Nitrogen Fertilizer

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 687b-687
Author(s):  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Judith L. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Input Sample

Field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma in 1993 and 1994. Cowpeas [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] were grown using either non-inoculated seed and 23 kg·ha–1 of preplant nitrogen fertilizer (conventional) or inoculated seed and no preplant nitrogen fertilizer (reduced input). Sample plants were excavated at first pod set and analyzed for nodulation and root morphology. Additional plants were excavated at the green-shell stage and were analyzed for nitrogen concentration. Conventional and reduced input cowpeas did not differ in nodule distribution among root morphological components, total nodule fresh weight, total root dry weight, or nitrogen concentration. Most nodules generally were located on the basal and lateral roots. Results indicate that cowpea root characteristics are not necessarily altered by differing cultural systems at a given location.

Growth and Sugar Accumulation of Sugarcane. II. Dry Weight Increments and Estimates of Assimilation Rate

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald MacColl
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Net Assimilation

SUMMARYIncrements of fibre, sucrose and reducing sugars per cane were estimated for 12 varieties of sugarcane for successive periods in plant and ratoon crops. Sucrose production increased only as that of fibre and reducing sugars fell. Dry matter production per unit fresh weight of leaf blade was negatively correlated with an estimate of gram days of leaf per gram fresh weight of cane. In a further study the net assimilation rate of one variety was found to remain fairly constant over a period of six months at 0·55g/dm2/week. It is suggested that breeding should seek to reduce leaf area ratio while maintaining sucrose percentage cane.

scholarly journals Determination of Pathogenicity of Choanephora cucurbitarum (Berkeley and Ravenel) Thaxt, Amongst Commonly Cultivated Vegetables in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick I. Akwaji ◽  
Umana E. Johnson ◽  
Udo S. Effiong ◽  
Markson Aniedi-Abasi ◽  
Okey E. Ntui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Choanephora Cucurbitarum ◽  
Test Plants

Choanephora cucurbitarum is a plant pathogenic fungus with a wide host range. The fungus was isolated from rotting fruits of Capsicum anuum, after it was observed that some vegetables were infected in the farm. The role of infection courts on severity was determined by inoculating the pathogen into soil, leaves and stems of the test plants. The test plants used were Abelmoschus esculentus, Amaranthus sp, Cucumis sativus and Vigna unguiculata. Determinants of pathogenicity were plant height, leaf reduction, fresh and dry weight. Results showed that the fungus was pathogenic to the test plants. A significant reduction in height, leaves, fresh and dry weight of the test plants was observed when compared with the control. The greatest effect of the pathogen was on the inoculated stem of the test plants with a mean of 42.94. The least effect was observed on infected soil with a mean of 92.99. Cucumis sativus showed the least effect by the pathogen with a mean of 84.18, while Abelmoschus esculentus showed the greatest effect with a mean of 44.59. The pathogen showed the greatest effect on leaves of Cucumis sativus with a mean of 20.45, while the least effect was on Vigna unguiculata with a mean of 36.77.Fresh weight ranged from 3.35g to 37.40g, Dry weight 2.15 to 7.90g as compared with the control which had a fresh weight of 7.0g to 57.25g and 3.8g to 11.90g for dry weight. Symptoms such as leaf blight, blight of the shoot apex, soft rot of stems, die back and decay of Vigna unguiculata pods were observed.

scholarly journals Morphological and germination physiognomies of Carissa carandas seedlings influenced by seed storage at ambient conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1767-1771
Author(s):  
Deepika Deepika ◽  
K. Vanajalatha
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Carissa Carandas ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio

The present study was taken up to know the morphological and germination physiognomies of karonda (Carissa carandas) seeds influenced by seed storage period at ambient conditions (26 ⁰C temperature and 55 % RH). Seeds were subjected to store at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days at room temperature (26⁰C). Germination percentage and various morphological characteristics viz., vigour index, fresh weight of shoot and root, dry weight of shoot and root, root to shoot ratio were recorded. Among stored seeds 10 days old seeds recorded highest germina-tion percentage (57 %) and 60 days old seeds recorded lowest germination (20.33 %). At the end (90 days after sowing) 10 days old seeds again possessed higher fresh weight of root (0.300 g) and shoot (1.240 g), dry weight of root (0.103 g) and shoot (0.487 g), root to shoot ratio (0.212) and vigour index (1772.70 cm) among stored seeds. These physiological observations were quite similar with the freshly harvested seed which found maximum values for all the parameters owing to higher moisture content. Karonda seeds showed good viability upto10 days thereafter its value declined and it reached minimum after 60 days of storage.

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Seed Protein Response to Glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio L. Cerdeira ◽  
A. Wayne Cole ◽  
Dawn S. Luthe
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Storage Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Major Storage Protein ◽  
Protein Response ◽  
Pod Length

Electrophoretic analysis of storage protein accumulation in developing cowpea [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp. ‘Mississippi Purple’] seed indicated that a large increase in protein content per seed occurred between 10 and 11 days after flowering (DAF). Polypeptides with molecular weights of 54, 49, and 41 kilodaltons (kD) accumulated first, and one with a molecular weight of 59 kD appeared 2 days later at 13 DAF. Treatment of plants with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] when pods were 7 and 10 DAF prevented accumulation of the major storage protein polypeptides. The accumulation of these polypeptides was not inhibited as much when pods were 11, 12, or 13 DAF at the time of treatment with glyphosate. Pod length and seed fresh weight were inhibited by glyphosate treatment of plants bearing pods 7, 10, 11, and 12 DAF. Pod width, seed dry weight, and seed length were inhibited by glyphosate when plants bearing pods 7, 10, and 11 DAF were treated.

scholarly journals Effect of organic manures on growth and yield attributes of Soybean (Glycine max L.) under Subabul (Leucaena leucocephala) based Agroforestry system

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2219-2223
Author(s):  
N. Khare ◽  
D. Kumar ◽  
S. Rout
Keyword(s):  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Number Of Branches

A field trail was carried out at the research farm of the School of Forestry and Environment, SHIATS, Allahabad. The experimental research site is situated at an altitude of 90 m above the sea level at 25.570 N latitude and 81.510 E longitudes. The experiment comprised seven treatments replicated thrice. The maximum germination % (96.67%), plant height (83.73cm), number of branches/ plant (11.93), fresh weight (185.28g), dry weight (45.73g), at 110 days after sowing (DAS), number of pods/plant (91.67), number of seeds/pod (3.93), pod length (6.93 cm),test weight (90.73g), seed yield (23.87q/ha), straw yield (40.73 q/ha) and harvest index (36.94%) recorded in treatment T5. The result showed that the applications of organic manure (50% Farmyard Manure + 50% Vermicompost) maximized the soybean growth and yield under subabul trees. Therefore, it may be concluded that 50% Farmyard Manure + 50% Vermicompost can be recommended for growing soybean under subabul based Agroforestry system for obtaining better growth and yield.

scholarly journals GERMINATION AND VIGOUR IN SEEDS OF THE COWPEA IN RESPONSE TO SALT AND HEAT STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luma Rayane de Lima Nunes ◽  
Paloma Rayane Pinheiro ◽  
Charles Lobo Pinheiro ◽  
Kelly Andressa Peres Lima ◽  
Alek Sandro Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACT Salinity is prejudicial to plant development, causing different types of damage to species, or even between genotypes of the same species, with the effects being aggravated when combined with other types of stress, such as heat stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to salt stress at different temperatures. Seeds of the Pujante, Epace 10 and Marataoã genotypes were placed on paper rolls (Germitest®) moistened with different salt concentrations of 0.0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, and placed in a germination chamber (BOD) at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design, in a 3 × 4 × 5 scheme of subdivided plots, with four replications per treatment. The variables under analysis were germination percentage, first germination count, shoot and root length, and total seedling dry weight. At temperatures of 30 and 35°C, increases in the salt concentration were more damaging to germination in the Epace 10 and Pujante genotypes, while for the Marataoã genotype, damage occurred at the temperature of 20°C. At 25°C, germination and vigour in the genotypes were higher, with the Pujante genotype proving to be more tolerant to salt stress, whereas Epace 10 and Marataoã were more tolerant to high temperatures. Germination in the cowpea genotypes was more sensitive to salt stress when subjected to heat stress caused by the low temperature of 20°C or high temperature of 35°C.

scholarly journals Growth and Antioxidant Responses in Iron-Biofortified Lentil under Cadmium Stress

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Ruchi Bansal ◽  
Swati Priya ◽  
Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽  
Sherry Rachel Jacob ◽  
Mahesh Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Tolerance ◽  
Controlled Conditions

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd stress negatively affects plant growth and development by triggering oxidative stress. Limited information is available on the role of iron (Fe) in ameliorating Cd stress tolerance in legumes. This study assessed the effect of Cd stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties differing in seed Fe concentration (L4717 (Fe-biofortified) and JL3) under controlled conditions. Six biochemical traits, five growth parameters, and Cd uptake were recorded at the seedling stage (21 days after sowing) in the studied genotypes grown under controlled conditions at two levels (100 μM and 200 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The studied traits revealed significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions. Cd-induced oxidative damage led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in both genotypes. JL3 accumulated 77.1% more H2O2 and 75% more lipid peroxidation products than L4717 at the high Cd level. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in response to Cd stress, with significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions (p < 0.01). L4717 had remarkably higher catalase (40.5%), peroxidase (43.9%), superoxide dismutase (31.7%), and glutathione reductase (47.3%) activities than JL3 under high Cd conditions. In addition, L4717 sustained better growth in terms of fresh weight and dry weight than JL3 under stress. JL3 exhibited high Cd uptake (14.87 mg g−1 fresh weight) compared to L4717 (7.32 mg g−1 fresh weight). The study concluded that the Fe-biofortified lentil genotype L4717 exhibited Cd tolerance by inciting an efficient antioxidative response to Cd toxicity. Further studies are required to elucidate the possibility of seed Fe content as a surrogacy trait for Cd tolerance.

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