Thermodynamic Analysis of Viscosity Data of Ethane-1,2-diol+1,4-Dioxan Binary Mixtures

1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Corradini ◽  
A Marchetti ◽  
M Tagliazucchi ◽  
L Tassi ◽  
G Tosi
Keyword(s):  
Binary System ◽  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Excess Function ◽  
Binary Composition ◽  
Gibbs Energy Of Activation ◽  
Experimental Values

Kinematic viscosities (v) have been measured for pure ethane-1,2-diol, 1,4-dioxan and for nine of their mixtures covering the entire composition range and, where possible, at 19 temperatures from -10 to +80°C. The experimental values were converted into dynamic viscosities (η) and were correlated with temperature and binary composition by some empirical equations. Furthermore, the excess function ηE and the excess Gibbs energy of activation of viscous flow ΔG*E have been evaluated. Negative deviations from ideality are always observed for this binary system, this fact indicating strong specific interactions between unlike entities in solution to form stable solvent- cosolvent adducts. Activation enthalpies and entropies for viscous flow have been derived, and their dependence on binary composition is also discussed.

Thermodynamics of Viscous Flow in Ethane-1,2-diol+Water Binary Mixtures

1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Corradini ◽  
A Marchetti ◽  
M Tagliazucchi ◽  
L Tassi ◽  
G Tosi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Excess Gibbs Energy ◽  
Thermodynamic Temperature ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Excess Function ◽  
Pure Species ◽  
Gibbs Energy Of Activation

Kinematic viscosities (v) of pure ethane-1,2-diol (component 1) and of nine mixtures with water (component 2) were measured at 19 temperatures ranging from -10 to +80°C, and for binary compositions covering the whole miscibility field expressed by the relation 0 ≤ X1 ≤ 1. The property fitted some empirical equations in terms of the dependences v = v(T) and v(X1), where T is the thermodynamic temperature and X1 is the mole fraction of ethane-1,2-diol. Furthermore, the excess function (vE) and the excess Gibbs energy of activation of viscous flow (∆G*E) have been investigated. The trend of vE against binary composition of the mixtures shows negative deviations from ideal behaviour, while the contrary is true for ∆G*E The results indicate specific molecular interactions between the components, and an overview is given on the basis of the molecular dynamics of the pure species.

Viscosity Data and Viscous Flow Thermodynamics of 2-Methoxyethanol+ Water Binary Mixtures

1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Corradini ◽  
A Marchetti ◽  
M Tagliazucchi ◽  
L Tassi ◽  
G Tosi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Mixing Rules ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Different Temperatures

Kinematic viscosities (v) have been measured for pure 2-methoxyethanol, pure water, and nine of their mixtures over the entire composition range and, where possible, at 19 temperatures ranging from -10 to +80°C. The above property was fitted by empirical equations stating its dependence on temperature (T) and mole fraction (X1) of the mixtures. The experimental data for the binary mixtures were used to test the validity of mixing rules at different temperatures.

Viscosities and Densities of Binary-Mixtures of 2,2,2-Trichloroethanol With Substituted Anilines

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Palepu ◽  
JH Macneil
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Substituted Anilines ◽  
Excess Viscosity ◽  
Gibbs Energy Of Activation

Densities and viscosities of binary solvent mixtures containing 2,2,2-trichloroethanol as one component and aniline and substituted anilines as the other components have been measured over the whole composition range at 298, 303, 308, 313 and 318 K. The experimental data are fitted to a semitheoretical equation of McAllister. Excess viscosity, volume and Gibbs energy of activation of flow have been evaluated, and the departure from ideal behaviour is explained on the basis of specific interactions between the components of this mixture.

scholarly journals Densities, Viscosities and Refractive Indices of Ternary System Cyclohexane + Cyclohexanol + Cyclohexanone at 293.15, 298.15 and 303.15 K

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1204-1209
Author(s):  
Maria Magdalena Budeanu ◽  
Vasile Dumitrescu
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Linear Equation ◽  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Mixing Rules ◽  
Experimental Values

Densities (r), viscosities (h) and refractive indices (nD) of the ternary system cyclohexane + cyclohexanol + cyclohexanone were measured at 293.15, 298.15 and 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, over the whole composition range. The experimental values of densities and viscosities were correlated with temperature using a linear equation and Guzman equation respectively. Viscosity results were fitted with Grunberg-Nissan equation and Heric-Brewer equation. Different refractive index mixing rules (Arago-Biot, Dale-Glastone, Newton and Lorentz-Lorenz) were studied for this ternary system. The functions of activation of viscous flow were also calculated and their variations with compositions have been discussed.

Ultrasonic Velocities, Densities and Viscosities of (Prop-2-en-1-ol+Ethylbenzene or Isopropylbenzene) at 298.15 And 308.15 K

1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
VK Rattan ◽  
BPS Sethi ◽  
KSN Raju
Keyword(s):  
Composition Range ◽  
Isentropic Compressibility ◽  
Excess Functions ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Ultrasonic Velocities ◽  
Molar Free Energy ◽  
Excess Value ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Sound Density

Isentropic compressibility, its excess value, excess molar volume, excess viscosity, and excess molar free energy for the activation of flow have been calculated from the experimental values of the speed of sound, density and viscosity at 298.15 and 308.15 K for mixtures of prop-2-en-1-ol with ethylbenzene or isopropylbenzene. The parameter d, of the Grunberg and Nissan expression, has also been calculated. The variation of the excess functions with composition indicates the absence of any specific interactions. In both the systems at 298.15 K, for alcohol mole fraction less than 0.66, the dissociation of the hydrogen-bonded alcohol agglomerates predominates over the association between unlike molecules. At the higher temperature the dissociation is predominant over the whole composition range.

scholarly journals Cluster-associated viscosity model and methods for determining its parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (313) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
A. M. Makasheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Viscosity Model ◽  
Liquid Lithium ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Thermal Barriers ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
Processing Techniques

A detailed development of a hierarchical cluster-associate mathematical viscosity model is shown. The model is based on the equilibrium Boltzmann’s distribution and, therefore, is regarded as a chaosensitive property of a fluid inherent in it not only in motion but also at rest. In this model, the key characteristics are chaotic thermal barriers at the melting and boiling points, in connection with which the behavior of a liquid is determined by the action of three energy classes of particles – crystal-mobile, liquid-mobile, and vapor-mobile. An important single indicator in the new model depends on temperature and makes sense of the degree of association of clusters of crystal-mobile particles. The assignment of the activation energy of the viscous flow of melts determined by the Frenkel’s equation to the degree of cluster association gives a constant value commensurate with the binding energy of the van der Waals particle attractive forces. On this basis, the authors hypothesized that a viscous flow occurs due to the destruction of cluster associates while preserving the clusters themselves. To adapt the cluster-associate model to experimental data, certain data processing techniques have been developed to identify unknown model parameters. All calculations are illustrated on liquid lithium and have shown their high adequacy. Also added is a method for processing viscosity data using the entire set of viscosity data while maintaining two reference points and processing the rest to determine the degree of aggregation of associates.

The Calibration of Thermocouples by Freezing-Point Baths and Empirical Equations

1959 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Benedict
Keyword(s):  
Digital Computer ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Calibration System ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Individual

A calibration system is described which is based on the use of a few precisely determined experimental values obtained from freezing-point baths. Characteristics of the individual thermocouples at intermediate points are obtained by passing empirical equations of prescribed form through the test values. A program is reviewed, by which a high-speed digital computer accomplishes the necessary conversions, curve fittings, comparisons of individual characteristics with arbitrary reference tables, and the printing out of a table of differences. Test results for a series of iron-constantan thermocouples, over the temperature range 32–1225 F, are presented to illustrate the use of the system and the uncertainties involved. Comparisons are drawn between these results and those obtained by other methods.

Low-Velocity Perforation of Mild Steel Rectangular Plates With Projectiles Having Different Shaped Impact Faces

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Jones ◽  
R. S. Birch ◽  
R. Duan
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Initial Velocity ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Rectangular Plates ◽  
Simple Design ◽  
Circular Plates ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Thick Plates ◽  
Drop Hammer ◽  
Experimental Values

This article studies the perforation of mild steel square and rectangular plates struck normally by cylindrical projectiles having blunt, hemispherical, and conical impact faces. Experimental results are obtained in a drop hammer rig for the perforation of 4mm and 8mm thick plates struck by relatively heavy projectiles weighing between 11.9kg and 200kg and traveling at an initial velocity up to about 13m∕s. The plates were struck at the center and at several positions near the fully clamped supports. The effect of the aspect ratio on the perforation energies of rectangular plates is examined, and comparisons are made with the perforation behavior of fully clamped circular plates. The predictions of several empirical equations are compared with the corresponding experimental values of the perforation energies. Simple design equations are also presented for predicting the maximum permanent transverse displacements of square plates prior to any cracking or perforation.

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