A study of chemical reactions in molten sodium-potassium hydrogen sulfate eutectic. III. The reactions of anions

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Meehan ◽  
SA Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Inorganic Anions ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfate ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Potassium Salts ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Molten Sodium ◽  
Potassium Hydrogen

The reactions of 11 inorganic anions added as their sodium or potassium salts to molten sodium-potassium hydrogen sulfate eutectic were studied and their stoichiometries elucidated. It was found that Na2CO3, NaNO2, KNO3, Na2SO3 and Na2S2O3 reacted with the melt to form water and CO2, NO+NO2, NO2+O2, SO2, S6+SO2 respectively. NaCl, KBr produced HCl and HBr while KI reaction products consisted of I2, SO2 and H2O; K2CrO4 and K2Cr2O7 were converted into H2CrO4 and H2Cr2O7 respectively. These acids decomposed to H2O, O2 and Cr2O3 which reacted further with the melt to produce H2O and Cr2(SO4)2,H2O. K2S2O8 was found to decompose thermally to O2 and K2S2O7 without reacting with the melt.

A Study of Chemical Reactions in Molten Sodium-Potassium Hydrogen Sulfate Eutectic. II. The Reactions of Metal Oxides

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 2555 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Meehan ◽  
SA Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfate ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Molten Sodium ◽  
Potassium Hydrogen

The reactions of sixteen metal oxides with molten sodium-potassium hydrogen sulfate eutectic were studied. It was found that Ag2O, MgO, ZnO, COO, NiO, CuO, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and V2O5 reacted with the melt to produce their respective melt-soluble cations, sulfate and water, while CaO, BaO, Cr2O3 and SnO2 reacted to form insoluble metal sulfates and water. Whereas manganese(IV) oxide reacted with the melt to produce manganese(III) sulfate, water and oxygen, tin(IV) oxide reacted to form tin(IV) sulfate, water and sulfur dioxide. The stoichiometries of these reactions have been determined.

A Study of Chemical Reactions in Molten Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate Potassium Hydrogen Sulfate Eutectic. V. The Reactions of Eleven Acetates

1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
N Mohamed ◽  
SA Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Product ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Molten Sodium ◽  
Sodium Hydrogen ◽  
Potassium Hydrogen ◽  
Infrared Methods ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

The reactions of the acetates of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, manganese, cobalt, zinc and lead with molten sodium hydrogen sulfate-potassium hydrogen sulfate eutectic were investigated by means of thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, mass spectral and infrared methods. In these acid-base reactions, the metal acetates were found to be converted into the corresponding metal sulfates, and acetic acid was the volatile product of each reaction. The temperatures and stoichiometries of the reactions have been determined.

A Study of Chemical Reactions in Molten Sodium-Potassium Bisulfate Eutectic. I. The Reactions of Metals

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Meehan ◽  
SA Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Protective Coating ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Molten Sodium ◽  
Quantitative Results

The reactions of 18 metals with molten sodium-potassium bisulfate eutectic were studied. Results obtained isothermally at 200�C indicated that Al, V and Au did not react with the melt; Na, Mg, Mn and Zn reacted to produce H2; Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Sn, Hg and Pb produced SO2 and H2O; while Ti, Cr, Fe and Cd produced H2, H2O and SO2. Reactions in general were slow and, due to formation of a protective coating on the surface, metals reacted only partly, with the exception of Na, Cu, Ag and Zn which reacted and dissolved in the melt completely. Due to partial reactions mostly qualitative or semi-quantitative results were obtained and possible reaction stoichiometries have been suggested.

A Study of Chemical Reactions in Molton Sodium-Potassium Hydrogen Sulfate Eutectic. IV. The Reaction of Eight Oxalates

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1123
Author(s):  
JO Sabato ◽  
SA Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metal Sulfate ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Potassium Hydrogen ◽  
Wet Chemical

The reactions of oxalates of ammonium, alkali metals (Li, Na and K) and alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba ) with sodium-potassium hydrogen sulfate eutectic were investigated. Oxalic acid was found to be an intermediate product in all these reactions. Final products of the reactions as determined by thermogravimetry , differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared and 'wet' chemical methods consisted of a mixture of H2O, CO, CO2 and the corresponding metal sulfate. The stoichiometries of the reactions were elucidated.

Chemically Selective Reactions in Confined Spaces in Hybrid Aerogels

2005 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xipeng Liu ◽  
Chunhua Yao ◽  
William M Risen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Spatial Confinement ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Hybrid Silica ◽  
Hybrid Aerogels ◽  
Chemically Selective

AbstractBy employing novel hybrid silica/functional polymer aerogels, control of the course of chemical reactions between reactants confined inside of the aerogels with reactants whose access to the confinement domain is controlled by diffusion has been explored. Thus, monolithic silica/biopolymer hybrid aerogels have been synthesized with coordinated metal ions that can react with amino acids, such as L-cysteine, that are provided externally in a surrounding solution. Metal ions, such as Au(III), that can react in solution with the amino acid to produce one set of products under a given set of stoichiometric or concentration conditions, and a different set of products under a second set of conditions, were selected for incorporation into the aerogel. It was discovered that the course of the reaction can be changed by spatial confinement of the reaction domain in the aerogel. For example, in the case of Au(III) and L-cysteine, the Au(III) ions are confined in nanoscale domains, and when they are reacted with the amino acid, the nature of the reaction products is controlled by diffusion of the L-cysteine into the domains. Exploration of these and related phenomena will be presented.

REACTIVE ACCELERATED CLUSTER EROSION (RACE)

1996 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 897-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
JÜRGEN GSPANN
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Surface Structuring

Beams of ionized clusters of some thousand atoms are accelerated to about 100-keV kinetic energy to be used for area selective surface erosion. Mask projective cluster-impact lithography allows surface structuring in the submicron regime. Chemical reactions between the cluster and the target material may provide volatile reaction products facilitating ejecta removal. The reactive accelerated cluster erosion (RACE) process is applied to metals like copper and gold, to semiconductors such as silicon, and to insulators like glass, quartz, or sapphire, giving very smooth eroded surface and steep sidewalls.

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