The aluminium chloride catalysed reaction of phosphorus(III) halides and carbonyl compounds. I. Reaction with benzophenone

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
KL Freeman ◽  
MJ Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Phosphorus Trichloride ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Anhydrous Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Catalysed Reaction ◽  
Hydrated Aluminium

In the presence of partially hydrated aluminium chloride, phenylphosphonous dichloride and diphenylphosphinous chloride add smoothly to benzophenone to give chlorodiphenylmethylphenylphosphinic chloride and benzhydryldiphenylphosphine oxide respectively. Little reaction occurs with anhydrous aluminium chloride, and phosphorus trichloride does not react under any conditions. The factors affecting these reactions are described and possible mechanisms discussed. It is suggested that the intermediacy of species of the type [PhPCl3]+[PhPCl,AlCl3]- best explains the observed results.

scholarly journals Synthesis of 3-Ferrocenyl Isocoumarins

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (05) ◽  
pp. 976-979
Author(s):  
Neeta Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Polyphosphoric Acid ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Melting Point Determination ◽  
Anhydrous Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Point Determination ◽  
Derivatives Of

The derivatives of 3-ferrocenyl isocoumarin were synthesized by the condensation of substituted homothphalic anhydride with ferrocene using phosphoric acid or anhydrous aluminium chloride as cyclising agent. Substituted homophthalic acid did not condense with ferrocene so homophthalic acids were converted into their anhydride and then allowed to react with ferrocene in the presence of polyphosphoric acid or in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride using dichloromethane as the solvent to give 3-ferrocenyl isocoumarins. 7-Methoxy, 6-methyl, 5,7-dihydroxy, 6,7-dimethoxy and 5,7-dimethoxy derivatives of 3-ferrocenyl isocoumarin were synthesized. All the compounds were characterised by melting point determination, elemental and spectral analysis.

scholarly journals Carbonyl Addition Reactions: Factors Affecting the Hydrate–Hemiacetal and Hemiacetal–Acetal Equilibrium Constants

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 898-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Peter Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Steric Effects ◽  
Addition Reactions ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Electronic Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Analogous Formula

Equilibrium constants for hydrate–hemiacetal interconversion in aqueous solution at 25° have been measured for four fluorinated carbonyl compounds: compound, alcohol, K4 (M−1): CF3CHO, C2H5OH, 2.3; CF3COCH3, CH3OH, 1.0; CF3COPh, CH3OH, 3.5; CF3COCF3, CH3OH, 0.14. These values, combined with values from the literature, permit an examination of substituent effects upon the equilibrium constant for[Formula: see text]The free energy change for this process, corrected for symmetry and steric effects, follows the equation[Formula: see text]Thus electronic effects upon this equilibrium are generally small and in fact are often smaller than steric effects.This analysis permits and justifies the calculation of free energies of formation of [Formula: see text] compounds from the (more generally measurable) free energies of formation of the analogous [Formula: see text] compounds.

scholarly journals Development of a mathematical model for alkylation of m-cresol with α-methylstyrene using anhydrous aluminium chloride

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
S Sultana ◽  
ASMS Arefin ◽  
M Shahruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Practical Utilization ◽  
Anhydrous Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Catalyst ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Burman Design

Alkylaromatic compounds such as alkylphenols are the most wide spread and efficient material due to its broad practical utilization in different arenas including antioxidants, stabilizers for fuels, lubricating oils, polymeric materials and so on. In this work, (2-phenylpropan-2-yl) m-cresol with high yield was prepared from the reaction between m-cresol and _-methylstyrene in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride catalyst. Plackett-Burman design was applied for screening significant variables, such as, temperature, molar ratio of m-cresol to _-methylstyrene, time of reaction and amount of catalyst etc. to determine an optimum condition for the production of (2-phenylpropan-2-yl) m-cresol. Moreover, a 23 Yates pattern factorial design was used to develop a mathematical model to predict the yield of alkylation of m-cresol with _-methylstyrene. Analyses of the results revealed that temperature, molar ratio and amount of catalyst were the main effective variables. The products were characterized by FT-IR, UV-visible and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The adequacy of the suggested model was checked up. The experimental yields exhibited good agreement with the predicted yields designed by the mathematical model. Hence, (2-phenylpropan-2-yl) m-cresol has the potential to be used as an industrially important compound in various applications. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(3), 195-202, 2019

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