Spectra of Carbonyl Compounds of All Kinds (Factors Affecting Carbonyl Group Frequencies)

2004 ◽  
pp. 179-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana W. Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Factors Affecting

Reaction of dimethoxycarbene with strained cyclic carbonyl compounds

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1194-1203
Author(s):  
Paul C Venneri ◽  
John Warkentin
Keyword(s):  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Ring Expansion ◽  
Carbonyl Groups

A cyclopropanone, a cyclopropenone, cyclobutanones, a cyclobutane-1,3-dione, and a cyclobutene-1,2-dione reacted with dimethoxycarbene to afford acetals of the next larger ring by formal insertion of the carbene into a C—C bond α to the carbonyl group. When either of two saturated α-ring carbons could be involved in the process, the ring expansion was selective, affording primarily the product of apparent insertion into the more substituted ring bond. With 2,3-dimethoxycyclobutene-1,2-dione, insertion occurred between the carbonyl groups and with β-propiolactone it occurred at the lactone bond. β-Propiolactam, however, reacted by insertion of the carbene into the N—H bond.Key words: β-propiolactone, cyclobutanone, cyclobutananedione, cyclopropanone, dialkoxycarbene.

scholarly journals K2S2O8-promoted C–Se bond formation to construct α-phenylseleno carbonyl compounds and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (48) ◽  
pp. 28902-28905
Author(s):  
Xue-Yan Yang ◽  
Ruizhe Wang ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Jianjun Li ◽  
Shuai Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Diphenyl Diselenide ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
The Cross

K2S2O8-promoted C–Se bond formation from the cross-coupling of C(sp3)–H bond adjacent to carbonyl group with diphenyl diselenide under metal-free conditions.

scholarly journals Carbonyl Addition Reactions: Factors Affecting the Hydrate–Hemiacetal and Hemiacetal–Acetal Equilibrium Constants

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 898-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Peter Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Steric Effects ◽  
Addition Reactions ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Electronic Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Analogous Formula

Equilibrium constants for hydrate–hemiacetal interconversion in aqueous solution at 25° have been measured for four fluorinated carbonyl compounds: compound, alcohol, K4 (M−1): CF3CHO, C2H5OH, 2.3; CF3COCH3, CH3OH, 1.0; CF3COPh, CH3OH, 3.5; CF3COCF3, CH3OH, 0.14. These values, combined with values from the literature, permit an examination of substituent effects upon the equilibrium constant for[Formula: see text]The free energy change for this process, corrected for symmetry and steric effects, follows the equation[Formula: see text]Thus electronic effects upon this equilibrium are generally small and in fact are often smaller than steric effects.This analysis permits and justifies the calculation of free energies of formation of [Formula: see text] compounds from the (more generally measurable) free energies of formation of the analogous [Formula: see text] compounds.

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Reaction of Secondary Amines with Maleic Anhydride

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjinder Kour ◽  
Raakhi Gupta ◽  
Raj K. Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Secondary Amines ◽  
Kinetic Control ◽  
Thermodynamic Control ◽  
Carbonyl Carbon ◽  
Fukui Functions ◽  
Unsaturated Carbonyl Compound ◽  
Condensed Fukui Functions

The reaction of secondary amines, namely 1-methylpiperazine, pyrrolidine, morpholine, 2-methylpiperidine, and diethylamine, with maleic anhydride has been investigated experimentally and theoretically at the DFT level. Under kinetic control, i.e. at −78°C or −15°C, amines add across the C=O functionality exclusively and the initially formed addition products isomerize to the corresponding N-substituted maleimic acid derivatives. In contrast to the acyclic α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, amine does not add across the C=C functionality in maleic anhydride even under thermodynamic control. This behaviour of maleic anhydride can be rationalized on the basis of the local condensed Fukui functions, which reveal that the carbonyl carbon atoms in maleic anhydride are much harder than in an acyclic α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound, such as acrolein. This prompts the amines to attack the carbonyl group in maleic anhydride exclusively.

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