Molten salts freezing point measurements in the AgNO3-AgCl system

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Jacoud ◽  
VC Reinsborough ◽  
FEW Wetmore
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Formation Constant ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Complex Cation

Activities of silver nitrate in the AgNO3-AgCl system were obtained through freezing point depressions. Activity coefficients were calculated assuming the melt consisted of only simple ions which mixed ideally and then assuming the chloride was totally in the form of the complex cation, Ag2Cl+, which also mixed ideally. The second model proved more successful and was extended to include Ag+Cl- entities in the melt. A formation constant of 12�2 was obtained for Ag2Cl+ at 210�.

MOLTEN SALTS: COMPLEX ION FORMATION IN THE SYSTEM SILVER CHLORIDE – SILVER NITRATE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 864-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hill ◽  
F. E. W. Wetmore
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Complex Cation ◽  
Silver Ion ◽  
Conductivity Data ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Ion Formation ◽  
Complex Ion

Conductivity data have been combined with transport fractions to show that silver chloride in dilute solutions in silver nitrate can be regarded as being almost completely in the form of complex cation. The mobility of the complex ion is shown to be about one-half that of silver ion.

Thermodynamic properties of the binary molten salt systems, PbBr2-KBr, PbBr2-RbBr and PbBr2-CsBr, by measurement of the electromotive forces of galvanic cells

1981 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Bloom ◽  
MS White
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Complex Ions ◽  
Galvanic Cells ◽  
Salt Systems

The electromotive forces of galvanic cells for the formation of PbBr2 in the molten binary salt systems, PbBr2-KBr, PbBr2,-RbBr and PbBr2-CsBr, have been measured. Activities, activity coefficients and partial molar free energies have been calculated for each component of the three systems. Integral free energies of mixing have also been calculated. Various models of mixing of molten salts have been applied to the results. The systems contain complex ions, probably mixtures of PbBr42-, PbBr64- with some PbBr3-.

MOLTEN SALTS: VISCOSITY OF SILVER NITRATE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 839-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Pugsley ◽  
F. E. W. Wetmore
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Electrical Transport ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Energy Of Activation

Precise values for the viscosity of silver nitrate show that Frenkel's relation for comparison of the temperature dependence of viscosity and conductivity is valid for this system and that the energy of activation for viscous flow is proportional to that for electrical transport over a range of temperature.

MOLTEN SALTS ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY IN THE SYSTEM SILVER CHLORIDE – SILVER NITRATE

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Spooner ◽  
F. E. W. Wetmore
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Simple Equation ◽  
Arrhenius Activation Energy ◽  
Density Data ◽  
Structural Forces

Conductivity and density data have been obtained for the system silver chloride – silver nitrate. The Arrhenius activation energy for electrical migration in molten silver chloride is constant at 1280 cal. mole−1 from 460 to 530 °C.; for silver nitrate there is a variation from 3300 cal. mole−1 at 220 ° to 2700 at 320 °C., which indicates a diminution of structural forces in molten silver nitrate with increase in temperature. The activation energy for binary melts of the two salts at 320 °C. is constant at 2700 cal. mole−1 from 0 to 20 mole % silver chloride; Frenkel's simple equation for the dependence of the activation energy on composition is not supported by this work.

Na and K activity coefficients in bile and bile salts determined by glass electrodes

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (5) ◽  
pp. 1111-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W. Moore ◽  
John M. Dietschy
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Osmotic Coefficients ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Glass Electrodes ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Mathematical formulations for transmembrane potential differences are expressed in terms of ionic activities rather than ionic concentrations, and require knowledge of the activity coefficients of a given ionic species in mixed solutions. Cation-selective glass electrodes have been used to determine sodium and potassium activity coefficients in pure bile salt solutions and in native bile, relative to standard NaCl or KCl solutions. Comparison was made with osmotic coefficients determined by freezing-point depression. Both sodium and potassium activity coefficients in bile salt solutions and in bile were lower than those for NaCl or KCl solutions at corresponding concentrations, with potassium coefficients being lower than those for sodium. These derived activity coefficients have been used experimentally in in vivo and in vitro gall bladder preparations with close agreement between observed potentials and those predicted by the Hodgkin-Katz equation.

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