Activity Coefficients and Free Energies of Nonionic Mixed Surfactant Solutions from Vapor-Pressure and Freezing-Point Osmometry

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (19) ◽  
pp. 5947-5957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. MacNeil ◽  
Gargi Basu Ray ◽  
Derek G. Leaist
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Mixed Surfactant ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Surfactant Solutions

Osmotic and activity coefficients of triorganophosphates in n-octane

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (22) ◽  
pp. 2755-2759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman H. Sagert ◽  
Danny W. P. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Osmotic Coefficients ◽  
Vapor Pressure Osmometry ◽  
Excess Enthalpies ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Ideal Behavior ◽  
Excess Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Complex Models

Vapor pressure osmometry was used to measure osmotic coefficients for tributylphosphate (TBP), tricresylphosphate (TCP), and triethylhexylphosphate (TEHP) in n-octane at 30, 40, 50, and 60 °C and at molalities up to 0.3 mol/kg. Activity coefficients and excess thermodynamic properties (unsymmetrical definition) were calculated from these osmotic coefficients. At 30 °C, the excess Gibbs free energies for 0.1 mol of solute in 1.0 kg n-octane were −42 J, −66 J, and −20 J for TBP, TCP, and TEHP, respectively. The more ideal behavior of the TEHP-octane system is attributed to the increasing importance of hydrocarbon–hydrocarbon interactions as the chain length is increased. The excess enthalpies for 0.1 mol of solute in 1.0 kg of solvent were −100 J, −300 J, and −150 J for TBP, TCP, and TEHP, respectively. Thus, association of these solutes arises primarily from entropie effects.Our data could generally be accommodated adequately by postulating association of monomers into dimers. The exception was TCP at lower temperatures, where more complex models were required.

Thermodynamics of Mixed Surfactant Solutions of N,N′-Bis(dimethyldodecyl)-1,2-ethanediammoniumdibromide with 1-Dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium Bromide

2014 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 1168-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changfei Du ◽  
Dongxing Cai ◽  
Miao Qin ◽  
Peizhu Zheng ◽  
Zhiguo Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Surfactant ◽  
Surfactant Solutions

Thermodynamic properties of the binary molten salt systems, PbBr2-KBr, PbBr2-RbBr and PbBr2-CsBr, by measurement of the electromotive forces of galvanic cells

1981 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Bloom ◽  
MS White
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Complex Ions ◽  
Galvanic Cells ◽  
Salt Systems

The electromotive forces of galvanic cells for the formation of PbBr2 in the molten binary salt systems, PbBr2-KBr, PbBr2,-RbBr and PbBr2-CsBr, have been measured. Activities, activity coefficients and partial molar free energies have been calculated for each component of the three systems. Integral free energies of mixing have also been calculated. Various models of mixing of molten salts have been applied to the results. The systems contain complex ions, probably mixtures of PbBr42-, PbBr64- with some PbBr3-.

Calculation on the Free Energy of Mixing of some Silane Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 1017-1021
Author(s):  
Ru Zhang ◽  
Yan Fen Wu ◽  
Ping Hu
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Wilson Model ◽  
Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Free Energy Of Mixing

Six binary silane systems were chosen to calculate the activity coefficients (γ) and free energies of mixing (ΔGm). These systems included: methyldichlorosilane + methyltrichlorosilane, methyldichlorosilane + methylvinyldichlorosilane, methyldichlorosilane + toluene, methyltrichlorosilane + methylvinyldichlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane + toluene, methylvinyldichlorosilane + toluene. Based on the Antoine constants, critical parameters of the pure components and Wilson model parameters, γ and ΔGmwere calculated. The influence factors of these thermodynamic properties were also discussed.

EFFECTS OF POLYOXYETHYLENE CHAIN LENGTH UPON MIXED SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS

1976 ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenjiro Meguro ◽  
Hiroyuki Akasu ◽  
Minoru Ueno ◽  
Tomoo Satake
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Mixed Surfactant ◽  
Polyoxyethylene Chain ◽  
Surfactant Solutions
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