Pyrrole studies. VIII. The NH stretching frequencies of substituted pyrroles Acetyl and benzoyl substituents

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Guy ◽  
RA Jones
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Plane Deformation ◽  
Acyl Substituent ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Lower Frequency Band ◽  
Hot Band ◽  
Substituted Pyrroles

The infrared spectra of a number of acylpyrroles have been examined in the NH and CO stretching region under high resolution in carbon tetrachloride. Analysis of the data show-s that the effect of each group on the NH stretching frequency is independent of other substituents and additive. Pyrroles having the acyl substituent in the β-position show two concentration-independent bands. The lower frequency band arises from interaction with the out-of-plane deformation of the NH group, producing a hot band.

Effect of functional group conformation on the infrared spectra of some gem difunctional phenylethylene derivatives

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (17) ◽  
pp. 3147-3152 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Currie ◽  
C. E. Lough ◽  
F. K. McClusky ◽  
H. L. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Band ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Plane Deformation ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Deformation Bands ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Stretching Vibrations

Except for the benzalmalononitriles, two functional group stretching vibrations occur in the infrared (i.r.) spectra of the β,β-difunctional-styrenes with similar functional groups. For geometrically homogeneous compounds with dissimilar functional groups only one absorption band occurs for each functional group. The two bands for similar functional groups have been ascribed to S-cis- and S-trans-conformations of the carbonyl groups with respect to the ethylene and variation in the frequencies of each of these oriented carbonyls to rotation of the functional group or groups out of the plane of the ethylene by steric factors.Frequencies for ethylenic C—H out of plane deformation bands for β-monofunctional styrenes accorded with those already assigned to this vibration. A similar assignment could not be made for the difunctional analogues.

CONTRIBUTION TO THE INFRARED SPECTRA OF FIVE-MEMBERED N- AND N,S-HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. R. Rao ◽  
R. Venkataraghavan
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Oxidation Product ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Plane Deformation ◽  
Deformation Bands ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Benzene Rings ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Heterocyclic Derivatives

Infrared spectra of 5-membered N- and N,S-heterocyclic derivatives such as triazoles, tetrazoles, thiazoles, thiadiazoles, thiatriazoles, and dithiazoles have been examined and empirical assignments have been made. The spectra of the two dithiazolidine derivatives, isoperthiocyanic acid and oxidation product of dithiobiuret, have been studied in detail. Assignments for benzthiazole derivatives are reported. The CH out-of-plane deformation bands of benzene rings fused to five-membered heterocyclic rings have been found to be in the region 760–740 cm−1, characteristic of four adjacent benzenoid hydrogen atoms.

Vibrational Spectraand Force Constants of Symmetric Tops,XXXII [1]. High Resolution Infrared Investigation of Unstable H3SnCl in the ν1/v4 Region Near 1900 cm-1

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Betzel ◽  
Hans Bürger ◽  
Petra Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Force Constants ◽  
Isotopic Shift ◽  
Rotational Analysis ◽  
Hot Band

The infrared spectra in the ν1/v4 region near 1900 cm-1 of natural H3SnCl and monoisotopic H3116Sn35Cl have been recorded with a resolution of 0.04 cm-1. Isotopic and rotational fine structure has been resolved, and a rotational analysis based on 472 lines, σ(J, K) - 4.3x 10-3 cm-1, has been performed, ν1, and v4 (v0 = 1917.1932(7) and 1924.6790(4) cm-1 respectively in H3116Sn35Cl) interact weakly by Coriolis x, y resonance, |ζ yl,4| ~ 0.019. No further perturbations of ν1 and v4 were observed. The tin isotopic shift of v4 is significant, Δν4 relative to 116Sn being -0.170(6) and -0.326(6) cm-1 respectively for 118Sn and 120Sn. The hot band (ν3 + ν4) - ν3 has been observed, x34 = + 0.423(5) cm-1.

scholarly journals Characterization and ballistic performance of thin pre-damaged resin-starved aramid-fiber composite panels

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110134
Author(s):  
Cerise A Edwards ◽  
Stephen L Ogin ◽  
David A Jesson ◽  
Matthew Oldfield ◽  
Rebecca L Livesey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Plane Deformation ◽  
Ballistic Impact ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Composite Panel ◽  
Composite Panels ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Ballistic Performance ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Out Of Plane

Military personnel use protective armor systems that are frequently exposed to low-level damage, such as non-ballistic impact, wear-and-tear from everyday use, and damage during storage of equipment. The extent to which such low-level pre-damage could affect the performance of an armor system is unknown. In this work, low-level pre-damage has been introduced into a Kevlar/phenolic resin-starved composite panel using tensile loading. The tensile stress–strain behavior of this eight-layer material has been investigated and has been found to have two distinct regions; these have been understood in terms of the microstructure and damage within the composite panels investigated using micro-computed tomography and digital image correlation. Ballistic testing carried out on pristine (control) and pre-damaged panels did not indicate any difference in the V50 ballistic performance. However, an indication of a difference in response to ballistic impact was observed; the area of maximal local out-of-plane deformation for the pre-damaged panels was found to be twice that of the control panels, and the global out-of-plane deformation across the panel was also larger.

scholarly journals In-Process Measurement of Three-Dimensional Deformations Based on Speckle Photography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4981
Author(s):  
Andreas Tausendfreund ◽  
Dirk Stöbener ◽  
Andreas Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Plane Deformation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Speckle Photography ◽  
Process Measurement ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Deformations

In the concept of the process signature, the relationship between a material load and the modification remaining in the workpiece is used to better understand and optimize manufacturing processes. The basic prerequisite for this is to be able to measure the loads occurring during the machining process in the form of mechanical deformations. Speckle photography is suitable for this in-process measurement task and is already used in a variety of ways for in-plane deformation measurements. The shortcoming of this fast and robust measurement technique based on image correlation techniques is that out-of-plane deformations in the direction of the measurement system cannot be detected and increases the measurement error of in-plane deformations. In this paper, we investigate a method that infers local out-of-plane motions of the workpiece surface from the decorrelation of speckle patterns and is thus able to reconstruct three-dimensional deformation fields. The implementation of the evaluation method enables a fast reconstruction of 3D deformation fields, so that the in-process capability remains given. First measurements in a deep rolling process show that dynamic deformations underneath the die can be captured and demonstrate the suitability of the speckle method for manufacturing process analysis.

Inverse algorithm for out-of-plane deformation in shearography

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangle Wu ◽  
Fangyuan Sun ◽  
Haotian Xie ◽  
Qihan Zhao ◽  
Peizheng Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plane Deformation ◽  
Inverse Algorithm ◽  
Out Of Plane
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