A cost-based index of anther culture response in diverse wheat-breeding germplasm

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Ling ◽  
DJ Luckett ◽  
NL Darvey ◽  
XL Ding
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Irradiation Treatment ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
Anther Culture Response

Anther culture response in a diverse range of Australian wheat-breeding genotypes was tested and expressed as a 'culturability index' based on the actual costs of the various laboratory procedures. When the delay from harvest to plating was up to 12 h, the use of low dose gamma irradiation did not increase the anther culture response in this array of genotypes. This is in contrast to previous findings for which spike harvesting, irradiation, and plating was completed within 3 h and the irradiation treatment increased the anther culture response. Internal contamination of immature spike explants with Fusarium poae caused significant loss of cultures and may be a persistent problem for cereal anther culture. For the genotypes producing green regenerants, costs ranged from $A1.40 to $85/green regenerant.

Low-Dose Gamma-Irradiation Promotes Wheat Anther Culture Response

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
XL Ding ◽  
DJ Luckett ◽  
NL Darvey
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Cold Pretreatment ◽  
60Co Source ◽  
Anther Culture Response

This study examined the anther culture response of wheat to different doses of gamma radiation, and the interaction of radiation dose with a cold pretreatment of ears stored prior to culturing. The cultivars Grebe and Kite were chosen on the basis of their anther culture response, Grebe being highly responsive and Kite being non-responsive. Spikes of the two cultivars were exposed to various levels of gamma radiation (60Co source) ranging from 0 to 10 Gy (0.53 Gy min-1) before anthers were plated on an agarose-solidified medium. For Grebe, doses of 1, 3 and 5 Gy resulted in more embryoids, higher green plant regeneration, and a greater number of spontaneously doubled haploids (DH), than in the non-irradiated control. The response in Kite was similar but less pronounced. The higher doses of radiation (7 and 10 Gy), however, were detrimental in both cultivars and at 10 Gy no embryoids or regenerants were produced. Anthers subjected to a cold pretreatment prior to irradiation responded significantly less than those cultured fresh. This study indicated that low-dose gamma irradiation of fresh explants can significantly improve regeneration from anther cultures in wheat and may stimulate a low frequency of regeneration in an otherwise non-responsive cultivar.

Anther Culture of Australian Wheat Germplasm Using Modified C17 Medium and Membrane Rafts

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Luckett ◽  
S Venkatanagappa ◽  
NL Darvey ◽  
RA Smithard
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Membrane Rafts ◽  
Wheat Germplasm ◽  
Haploid Production ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Culture Procedure

Experiments with wheat anther culture were conducted with the aim of assembling a workable system for doubled-haploid production for Australian wheat breeding. One Australian cultivar, Grebe, carrying the 1BL/1RS translocation was particularly responsive. A modified C17 medium was developed which proved effective when solidified with agarose or when used as a liquid in conjunction with membrane support rafts. The membrane rafts have great potential to assist the development of the anther culture procedure since the medium can be rapidly replenished or replaced with minimal disturbance of the tissue.

scholarly journals Treatment of Cancer and Inflammation With Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation

Dose-Response ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 155932581769753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuji Kojima ◽  
Mitsutoshi Tsukimoto ◽  
Noriko Shimura ◽  
Hironobu Koga ◽  
Akishisa Murata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiation Hormesis ◽  
Irradiation Treatment ◽  
Dose Radiation

There is considerable evidence from experimental studies in animals, as well as from clinical reports, that low-dose radiation hormesis is effective for the treatment of cancer and ulcerative colitis. In this study, we present 3 case reports that support the clinical efficacy of low-dose radiation hormesis in patients with these diseases. First, a patient with prostate cancer who had undergone surgical resection showed a subsequent increase in prostate-specific antigen (PSA). His PSA value started decreasing immediately after the start of repeated low-dose X-ray irradiation treatment and remained low thereafter. Second, a patient with prostate cancer with bone metastasis was treated with repeated low-dose X-ray irradiation. His PSA level decreased to nearly normal within 3 months after starting the treatment and remained at the low level after the end of hormesis treatment. His bone metastasis almost completely disappeared. Third, a patient with ulcerative colitis showed a slow initial response to repeated low-dose irradiation treatment using various modalities, including drinking radon-containing water, but within 8 months, his swelling and bleeding had completely disappeared. After 1 year, the number of bowel movements had become normal. Interest in the use of radiation hormesis in clinical practice is increasing, and we hope that these case reports will encourage further clinical investigations.

Identification of Australian wheat cultivars by laboratory procedures: examination of pure samples of grain

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 796 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Wrigley ◽  
KW Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Hardness ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Size Index ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
Single Grain

Three laboratory procedures have been examined for the identification of about fifty wheat cultivars currently grown in Australia. The most discriminating of these methods is starch gel electrophoresis of gliadin proteins extracted from a single grain or from meal. This procedure is capable of identifying many of the cultivars directly. However, in some cases identification is complicated by the observation of more than one biotype for a cultivar on the basis of this test. By comparison, a larger number of grains can be examined by the qualitative phenol test but it is less discriminating. Additional information is provided by applying the test to glumes. Thirdly, quantitative assessment of grain hardness, measuring either particle size index or pearling resistance, gives a division of cultivars into about five groups. Specific results are listed for all methods so that the most suitable procedure can be chosen for distinguishing a particular group of cultivars.

Genetic analysis of the anther-culture response of three spring wheat crosses

1987 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Deaton ◽  
S. G. Metz ◽  
T. A. Armstrong ◽  
P. N. Mascia
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Anther Culture Response

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Expression of PFT, an FHB Resistance Gene at the Fhb1 QTL in Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 730-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi He ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Dawood Ahmad ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Responses ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Flanking Sequence ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Sumai 3

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive fungal disease in wheat worldwide. Efforts have been carried out to combat this disease, and the pore-forming toxin-like (PFT) gene at the quantitative trait locus (QTL) Fhb1 was isolated and found to confer resistance to FHB in Sumai 3. In this study, we characterized PFT in 348 wheat accessions. Four haplotypes of PFT were identified. The wild haplotype of PFT had higher resistance than other haplotypes and explained 13.8% of phenotypic variation in FHB resistance by association analysis. PFT was highly expressed during early flowering and increased after Fusarium graminearum treatment in Sumai 3. Analysis of the 5′ flanking sequence of PFT predicted that the cis elements of the PFT promoter were related to hormones and biological defense responses. However, PFT existed not only in the FHB-resistant accessions but also in some susceptible accessions. These results suggested that FHB resistance in a diverse range of wheat genotypes is partially conditioned by PFT. The profiling of FHB resistance and the PFT locus in this large collection of wheat germplasm may prove helpful for incorporating FHB resistance into wheat breeding programs, although more work is needed to reveal the exact role of the QTL Fhb1 in conferring resistance to fungal spread.

Low dose irradiation of plum peel anthocyanins: Impact on stability and antioxidant activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peerzada R. Hussain ◽  
Prashant P. Suradkar
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
B Value ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
Dose Irradiation ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Irradiation Treatment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Anthocyanin Degradation

Consumer demand for both natural food colorants and non-thermal methods of preservation has increased overwhelmingly during the last few decades. Preventing loss of appeal and color through non-thermal methods without compromising on quality will provide an alternative to conventional thermal methods. In the present study, irradiation of plum peel anthocyanins after extraction and purification was done in a range of 0.1-1.0 kGy. Results revealed that degradation was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) dependent on both time and dose of irradiation. The percentage degradation observed in the first 3 h of treatment was 9.0-21.0±1.2%. The maximum anthocyanin degradation recorded during 8 h of irradiation was 45.3%. Anthocyanin degradation was apparently less at 0.1-0.5 kGy compared to 0.6-1.0 kGy. The retention of anthocyanins was up to the extent of 88.8-62.3% in samples irradiated at 0.1-0.5 kGy. Comparison of the individual anthocyanin indicated that diglucoside anthocyanins were stable towards irradiation than monoglucoside anthocyanins. For monoglucoside anthocyanins, a 50% decrease was observed as the irradiation treatment exceeded 0.6 kGy. A close comparison of the data revealed that at irradiation dose of 1.0 kGy, the decrease in L* and a* values was almost four and three times higher than that observed in samples irradiated at 0.5 kGy and below; while an increase in b* value was almost double. In spite of marginal degradation in color, low dose irradiation (up to 0.5 kGy) significantly (p≤0.05) increased the antioxidant activity of the plum peel anthocyanins.

Effect of Culture Medium and Mannitol Pre-Treatment on Durum Wheat Anther Culture Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-597
Author(s):  
Th. B. Lazaridou ◽  
A. G. Mavromatis ◽  
I. N. Xynias
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Anther Culture Response
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