Appraisal by Numerical and Statistical Techniques of the Interaction of Moisture Stress and Phosphorus in the Development of the Tropical Legume Macroptilium atropurpureum (Dc.) Urb

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
CT Gates ◽  
RL Sandland
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Rates Of Growth

The interaction of two levels of soil moisture and four levels of phosphorus on the development of Macroptilium atropurpureurn was studied for 18 harvests at 2-day intervals beginning on day 29 after sowing. Variates studied were fresh weight. dry weight, nitrogen and phosphorus contents for the laminae. stem plus petioles, root and nodules. The responses to treatment of these variates were shown by preliminary analyses of variance to contain complex patterns of interaction. The important facets of these interactions were then appraised by an extension of the usual univariate methods and the overall pattern of the interaction was delineated by a classificatory analysis. On the basis of the 14 attributes studied, there were six groups of responses to treatment. The lowest of these groups corresponded to failure to grow at low levels of phosphorus. The next group represented the response of nodules to treatment. Subsequent groups represented higher growth potential following efficient functioning of the nodules. Effects on nodulation were thus primary to subsequent patterns of plant development. Water stress greatly impaired both plant and nodule development, particularly at the higher two levels of phosphorus, whereas active growth occurred in normally watered plants. At these two phosphorus levels the effect of water stress was on development rather than on chemical composition, there being large absolute but small relative effects on chemical data. The lower levels of phosphorus supply contrasted with the two higher levels in having much lower rates of growth and of water loss.

Studies in citrus nutrition i. Leaf growth and composition

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Williams ◽  
CT Gates
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Citrus Grove ◽  
Four Levels

Vegetative shoots from the spring flush of an experimental citrus grove tagged and sampled on three occasions at intervals of 6 months. The effects of four cultural treatments, four levels of nitrogen supply, four combinations of stock and scion, and of time on leaf area and dry weight, and on relative and absolute contents of water, nitrogen, and phosphorus are presented and discussed. While nitrogen nutrition is still the dominant factor, the evidence strongly suggests that phosphorus nutrition has become important as a determinant of treatment effects within the experimental grove. The possible relevance of soil temperature and soil organic matter for some of the cultural treatment effects is discussed.

EFFECTS OF MOISTURE STRESS AT EARLY HEADING AND OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON THREE SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. DUBETZ ◽  
J. B. BOLE
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Soil Water Stress ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Four Levels

Three cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown at four levels of N fertilizer in metal lysimeters protected from rain by an automatic rain shelter. A soil water stress of 8 bars was developed in one-half of the lysimeters at the early boot stage. Water stress reduced yield by severely decreasing the number of kernels per spike. Tillering was not affected and kernel weight was increased. Pitic 62 withstood the high stress better than Manitou or Kenhi. N enhanced yield by increasing tillering. Kernel weight was unaffected by N, and the number of kernels per spike was decreased. Pitic, which had a higher number of kernels per spike, outyielded Manitou and Kenhi. The protein content of Manitou was higher than that of the other two cultivars. The cultivars differed in their reaction to soil water stress and N.

The effects of soil moisture stress on the growth of barley. II. Grain growth

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Major Period

The influence of water stress on grain growth has been investigated under conditions of intermittent stress with pot-grown plants and under longer periods of stress with plants grown in lysimeters. Premature cessation of growth was induced by even a moderate water stress, but the rate of grain growth (in dry weight) in the early stages of development was reduced only by severe water stress. There was evidence for an actual loss of dry matter in the final stages of maturation where plants were subjected to severe water stress. Grain moisture content was relatively unaffected by water stress during the major period of grain development, although grain water content dropped with increasing water stress during ripening. Spikelet chlorophyll content was also reduced by water stress, particularly in the later stages of grain development. Indirect evidence indicated that translocation of assimilate from the leaves to the ear was reduced by a moderate water stress. Tne significance of these findings in elucidating the mechanism of action of water stress on grain growth is discussed.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Trifolium repens × T. uniflorum hybrid clovers to drought stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
Keith Widdup ◽  
Shirley Nichols ◽  
Warren Williams ◽  
Isabelle Verry ◽  
Ben Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Backcross Generation ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is valued for its contribution to pasture quality and utilisation by animals, compatibility with grass, and fixation of nitrogen. However, it is limited by poor adaptation to drought. Hybridisation with Trifolium uniflorum L. may have potential to improve the drought resistance of white clover. An experiment in a rain shelter facility with contrasting moisture treatments, and a field evaluation under dryland conditions, were used to compare the agronomic potential of these interspecific hybrids (ISH) with white clover in moisture limited conditions. In the rain shelter experiment, there were smaller effects of water stress on shoot dry weight (DW), leaf area, internode length and senescence of first backcross generation hybrids compared with white clover and second backcross generation hybrids. Differences in photosynthetic responses were possibly influenced by the effect of root DW allocation on water uptake. In the field evaluation, growth scores of a wider range of hybrid families during summer moisture stress concurred with the results under water stress in the rain shelter. Growth of some ISH families outperformed the best white clover cultivars, particularly in the third and most stressful summer and this result was a key performance indicator of the value of the hybrids for drought prone areas. These findings using early, unselected, hybrid populations indicate the potential for further selection of elite, adapted cultivars from ISH breeding strategies. Keywords: Interspecific clover hybrid, drought resistance, rain shelter, field evaluation

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth and yield performance of soybean

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mst Anjumanara Begum ◽  
Md Aminul Islam ◽  
Quazi Maruf Ahmed ◽  
Md Anwarul Islam ◽  
Md Moshiur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Phosphatic Fertilizers ◽  
Number Of Branches

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to study the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on the performance of soybean. Three levels of nitrogen (0, 25 and 40 kg N ha-1) and four levels of phosphorus (0, 18, 36 and 54 kg P ha-1) were considered as treatment for the experiment. Soybean responded remarkably to the added nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers as the crop characters were significantly influenced by different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. Significant effect on number of branches and seeds plant-1, plant height, number of filled pods plant-1, weight of seeds plant-1, dry weight of plant, stover weight plant-1, 1000-seed weight, seed and stover yield were obtained from the combined application of 25 kg N with 54 kg P ha-1.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(1): 35-42, April 2015

Nodule and Plant Development in Stylosanthes humilis H.B.K.: Symbiotic Response to Phosphorus and Sulphur

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
CT Gates
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
High Phosphorus ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The effect of phosphorus and sulphur on the initiation and subsequent course of development of effective nodulation was determined for young seedlings of Stylosanthes humilis over the period days 1 1 to 26 from sowing. The plants were inoculated with an effective strain of Rhizobium and grown under controlled conditions in a small amount of nitrogen-deficient soil. Phosphorus had a beneficial effect on the initiation of nodules, which were first detected at day 11 in high-phosphorus plants, but not until day 14 in low. Thereafter, nodule development was greatly enhanced by phosphorus, nodule numbers, volumes and dry weights being increased. Nodule relative growth rates were stimulated from 0 . 3 g/g/day at low phosphorus levels to 0 . 7 g/g/day at high phosphorus levels over days 23-26. The nodules became pink earlier, and developed more rapidly as nitrogen-rich organs, in response to phosphorus. This suggested that from the earliest stages, phosphorus not only promoted the development of an increased mass of nodular tissue but also favoured an effective symbiosis. This enhanced nodule development led to greatly stimulated growth, with increasing amounts of total nitrogen and phosphorus in high-phosphorus plants. The assimilation of nitrogen by the whole plant was increased from 17 mg/g nodule dry weightlday at low to 53 mg/g/day with high phosphorus over days 23-26. Sulphur caused an increase in dry weight, but the response to sulphur mainly occurred late in development and was smaller than the response to phosphorus in the young seedlings of this trial.

scholarly journals Effect of moisture stress on morphological and yield attributes of four sorghum varieties

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
MA Khaton ◽  
A Sagar ◽  
JE Tajkia ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MS Mahmud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Water Stress Condition

Drought adversely affects growth and yield of crops to various extents. Growing of drought tolerant crops is a good option to obtain economical yields from water stress areas for which quick method to screen drought tolerant plants, particularly in early stages of their growth is important. For this reason, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the genetical potential to drought tolerance of four sorghum varieties viz Hybrid Sorgo, Safal, BD 731, BD 740. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The plants were grown under three drought levels viz. 100% FC (control), 70% FC and 40% FC. Growth and yield of the Sorghum varieties were found to be decreased gradually with gradual increase in drought levels as compared to the control. This reduction was associated with decreased yield components. Water stress also decreased protein and starch content. The variety BD 740 followed by BD 731 showed the better performance in respect of no. of grains panicle-1, panicle dry weight, 1000-grain weight, grain yield hill-1, protein content and starch content than Hybrid Sorgo and Safal at same water stress condition. Therefore Bangladeshi varieties were found more tolerant than Hybrid Sorgo variety to water stress. Findings of this research will be helpful for the farmers about the beneficial use of resource in terms of managing limited water as well as increasing crop productivity. Finally these research findings would certainly contribute food security in Bangladesh.Progressive Agriculture 27 (3): 265-271, 2016

Transpiration of Atriplex confertifolia and Eurotia lanata in relation to soil, plant, and atmospheric moisture stresses

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2411-2418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell T. Moore ◽  
Richard S. Whiter ◽  
Martyn M. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Plant Moisture ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Factors

Atriplex confertifolia and Eurotia lanata plants were studied in the field and laboratory under controlled conditions of temperature and vapor pressure deficit with uniform wind speed and light intensity and various levels of water stress. Multiple regression analysis indicated that under both field and laboratory conditions, vapor pressure deficit and water stress were significant factors influencing transpiration. Phenological stage was also a major factor in the transpirational relationships of both species in the field. Transpiration rates under comparable conditions tended to be higher for Eurotia than for Atriplex on a leaf dry weight basis with less pronounced differences on a leaf area basis. However, in the latter part of the summer, transpiration rates of Eurotia decreased markedly while Atriplex tended to maintain active transpiration. Under laboratory conditions both species exhibited transpiration at plant moisture stress values as great as 115 bars.

scholarly journals Moisture Stress and Different Rates of Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
KP Halder ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MR Manir ◽  
MA Ali
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Reproductive Phase

The experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) Gazipur farm during Boro 2003-04 seasons to observe the moisture stress effects in relation to nutrient rates on growth and yield of rice. The treatments were three moisture stresses (NS= Always saturated condition i.e. 1-2 cm standing water; VPS= Withholding water at the vegetative phase i.e. 15 days after transplanting (DAT) to maximum tillering stage; RPS=Withholding water at the reproductive phase i.e. PI to flowering stage) and three fertilizer doses (F0= No fertilizer; HD= Half of the optimum dose and OD= Optimum dose i.e. 120-60-40-10-2 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5, K2O, S and Zn respectively). The treatments were applied in high yielding variety BRRI dhan29. The result showed that irrespective of nutrient rates, drought stress decreased plant height, tiller number and shoot dry weight. Unstressed plants (NS) produced the highest grain yield (3.14 to 6.51 tha-1) followed by vegetative phase stressed (VPS) plants (2.73 to 4.50 tha-1). The reproductive phase stressed (RPS) plants produced the lowest grain yield (2.54 to 4.20 t ha-1). Regardless of water stress, application of optimum dose (OD) of nutrients produced the highest grain yield followed by half dose (HD) of nutrients. No fertilizer treatment (F0) produced the lowest grain yield. Due to water stress, the highest grain yield reduction occurred in OD (22-32%) followed by HD (12-19%) and the lowest in F0 (4-15%). Bangladesh Rice j. 2018, 22(2): 23-30

Response to salinity in Glycine. 2. Differences in cultivars of Glycine javanica in dry weight, nitrogen, and water content

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
CT Gates ◽  
KP Haydoc ◽  
PJ Claringbold
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Mechanisms Of Salt Tolerance ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Insight Into

Growth response of 22 accessions of Glycine javanica. was studied to detect any significant features that would provide an insight into the mechanisms of salt tolerance. Four levels of salinity, 0.5, 35, 70, and 140 m-equiv. NaCl/l, were imposed in culture solutions for 13 days starting when the plant had three trifoliate leaves. The highest level of salinity had a relatively greater impact on growth than the others. Differences in the dry weight of the glycines at all salinity levels were of similar proportions to those at the control level. This also applied to the laminae, stem f petiole, and roots. The data for plant nitrogen also showed these differences in growth potential at different levels of salinity. The normal capacity for growth of a cultivar seemed to be an important feature in resisting salinity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document