Transpiration of Atriplex confertifolia and Eurotia lanata in relation to soil, plant, and atmospheric moisture stresses

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2411-2418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell T. Moore ◽  
Richard S. Whiter ◽  
Martyn M. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Plant Moisture ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Factors

Atriplex confertifolia and Eurotia lanata plants were studied in the field and laboratory under controlled conditions of temperature and vapor pressure deficit with uniform wind speed and light intensity and various levels of water stress. Multiple regression analysis indicated that under both field and laboratory conditions, vapor pressure deficit and water stress were significant factors influencing transpiration. Phenological stage was also a major factor in the transpirational relationships of both species in the field. Transpiration rates under comparable conditions tended to be higher for Eurotia than for Atriplex on a leaf dry weight basis with less pronounced differences on a leaf area basis. However, in the latter part of the summer, transpiration rates of Eurotia decreased markedly while Atriplex tended to maintain active transpiration. Under laboratory conditions both species exhibited transpiration at plant moisture stress values as great as 115 bars.

Transpiration Response to Vapor Pressure Deficit in Field Grown Peanut

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Balota ◽  
Steve McGrath ◽  
Thomas G. Isleib ◽  
Shyam Tallury
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Water deficit, i.e., rainfall amounts and distribution, is the most common abiotic stress that limits peanut production worldwide. Even though extensive research efforts have been made to improve drought tolerance in peanut, performance of genotypes largely depends upon the environment in which they grow. Based on greenhouse experiments, it has been hypothesized that stomata closure under high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is a mechanism of soil water conservation and it has been shown that genotypic variation for the response of transpiration rate to VPD in peanut exists. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between stomatal conductance (gs) and VPD for field grown peanut in Virginia-Carolina (VC) rainfed environments. In 2009, thirty virginia-type peanut cultivars and advanced breeding lines were evaluated for gs at several times before and after rain events, including a moisture stress episode. In 2010, eighteen genotypes were evaluated for gs under soil water deficit. In 2009, VPD ranged from 1.3 to 4.2 kPa and in 2010 from 1.78 to 3.57 kPa. Under water deficit, genotype and year showed a significant effect on gs (P  =  0.0001), but the genotype × year interaction did not. During the water deficit episodes while recorded gs values were relatively high, gs was negatively related to VPD (R2  =  0.57, n  =  180 in 2009; R2  =  0.47, n  =  108 in 2010), suggesting that stomata closure is indeed a water conservation mechanism for field grown peanut. However, a wide range of slopes among genotype were observed in both years. Genotypes with significant negative relationships of gs and VPD under water deficit in both years were Florida Fancy, Gregory, N04074FCT, NC-V11, and VA-98R. While Florida Fancy, Gregory, and NC-V11 are known to be high yielding cultivars, VA-98R and line N04074FCT are not. The benefit of stomatal closure during drought episodes in the VC environments is further discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Morphological Features and Biomass Partitioning of Lucerne Plants (Medicago sativa L.) Subjected to Water Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Yong-Zhong Luo ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
Guijun Yan ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Neil C. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Semi Arid

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the morphological, physiological, and metabolic processes of plants, and hence their growth and production on a global scale. Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most popular pasture species in semi-arid regions and plays a critical role in sustaining agricultural systems in many areas of the world. In order to evaluate the effect of water deficits on the growth and biomass distribution in different tissues of lucerne, plant height, leaf dry weight, leaf number and area, root dry weight, taproot length and lateral root number, and stem dry weight were measured at four stages from the seedling to flowering stages under three water regimes: (i) adequate water supply (minimum soil water content 85% pot capacity (PC)), (ii) moderate water stress (65% PC), and (iii) severe water stress (45% PC), imposed under a rainout shelter. With limited water supply, plant height, leaf number, leaf area and dry weight, taproot length, and total biomass were reduced, while lateral root numbers increased. The number of smaller leaves and root dry weight increased under moderate water stress, whereas severe water stress reduced them. Leaf, stem, and total dry weight were all reduced by the water deficits, but leaf dry weight was reduced the most and root dry weight the least, so there was a redistribution of biomass towards the roots, increasing the root–shoot ratio. These results help us to understand the response of lucerce to water stress and assist in developing a foundation for the sustainable use of lucerne in semi-arid agricultural systems.

The effects of soil moisture stress on the growth of barley. II. Grain growth

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Major Period

The influence of water stress on grain growth has been investigated under conditions of intermittent stress with pot-grown plants and under longer periods of stress with plants grown in lysimeters. Premature cessation of growth was induced by even a moderate water stress, but the rate of grain growth (in dry weight) in the early stages of development was reduced only by severe water stress. There was evidence for an actual loss of dry matter in the final stages of maturation where plants were subjected to severe water stress. Grain moisture content was relatively unaffected by water stress during the major period of grain development, although grain water content dropped with increasing water stress during ripening. Spikelet chlorophyll content was also reduced by water stress, particularly in the later stages of grain development. Indirect evidence indicated that translocation of assimilate from the leaves to the ear was reduced by a moderate water stress. Tne significance of these findings in elucidating the mechanism of action of water stress on grain growth is discussed.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Trifolium repens × T. uniflorum hybrid clovers to drought stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
Keith Widdup ◽  
Shirley Nichols ◽  
Warren Williams ◽  
Isabelle Verry ◽  
Ben Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Backcross Generation ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is valued for its contribution to pasture quality and utilisation by animals, compatibility with grass, and fixation of nitrogen. However, it is limited by poor adaptation to drought. Hybridisation with Trifolium uniflorum L. may have potential to improve the drought resistance of white clover. An experiment in a rain shelter facility with contrasting moisture treatments, and a field evaluation under dryland conditions, were used to compare the agronomic potential of these interspecific hybrids (ISH) with white clover in moisture limited conditions. In the rain shelter experiment, there were smaller effects of water stress on shoot dry weight (DW), leaf area, internode length and senescence of first backcross generation hybrids compared with white clover and second backcross generation hybrids. Differences in photosynthetic responses were possibly influenced by the effect of root DW allocation on water uptake. In the field evaluation, growth scores of a wider range of hybrid families during summer moisture stress concurred with the results under water stress in the rain shelter. Growth of some ISH families outperformed the best white clover cultivars, particularly in the third and most stressful summer and this result was a key performance indicator of the value of the hybrids for drought prone areas. These findings using early, unselected, hybrid populations indicate the potential for further selection of elite, adapted cultivars from ISH breeding strategies. Keywords: Interspecific clover hybrid, drought resistance, rain shelter, field evaluation

scholarly journals Short-Term Exposure to High Atmospheric Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) Severely Impacts Durum Wheat Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in the Absence of Edaphic Water Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Dorra Fakhet ◽  
Fermín Morales ◽  
Iván Jauregui ◽  
Gorka Erice ◽  
Pedro M. Aparicio-Tejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
N Metabolism

Low atmospheric relative humidity (RH) accompanied by elevated air temperature and decreased precipitation are environmental challenges that wheat production will face in future decades. These changes to the atmosphere are causing increases in air vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and low soil water availability during certain periods of the wheat-growing season. The main objective of this study was to analyze the physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional response of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism of wheat (Triticum durum cv. Sula) to increases in VPD and soil water stress conditions, either alone or in combination. Plants were first grown in well-watered conditions and near-ambient temperature and RH in temperature-gradient greenhouses until anthesis, and they were then subjected to two different water regimes well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS), i.e., watered at 50% of the control for one week, followed by two VPD levels (low, 1.01/0.36 KPa and high, 2.27/0.62 KPa; day/night) for five additional days. Both VPD and soil water content had an important impact on water status and the plant physiological apparatus. While high VPD and water stress-induced stomatal closure affected photosynthetic rates, in the case of plants watered at 50%, high VPD also caused a direct impairment of the RuBisCO large subunit, RuBisCO activase and the electron transport rate. Regarding N metabolism, the gene expression, nitrite reductase (NIR) and transport levels detected in young leaves, as well as determinations of the δ15N and amino acid profiles (arginine, leucine, tryptophan, aspartic acid, and serine) indicated activation of N metabolism and final transport of nitrate to leaves and photosynthesizing cells. On the other hand, under low VPD conditions, a positive effect was only observed on gene expression related to the final step of nitrate supply to photosynthesizing cells, whereas the amount of 15N supplied to the roots that reached the leaves decreased. Such an effect would suggest an impaired N remobilization from other organs to young leaves under water stress conditions and low VPD.

scholarly journals Stress Metabolism I. Nitrogen Metabolism and Growth in the Barley Plant During Water Stress

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
TN Singh ◽  
IG Paleg ◽  
D Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

An induced water deficit in lO-day barley seedlings resulted in a decrease in leaf dry weight within a 28-hr period, although the shoots and roots continued to increase in weight. Primordium formation and apex elongation on the main shoot were also inhibited but floral development at the apex continued.

scholarly journals RESPON DAUN UNGU (Graptophyllumpictum L.) TERHADAP CEKAMAN AIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
IRENG DARWATI ◽  
ROSITA S.M. D. ◽  
. HERNANI
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Medicinal Crops ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Number Of Branches

<p>Daun ungu atau handeuleum (Graptophyllum pictum I.) merupakan salah satu tanaman penghasil bahan baku obat Daunnya dapal digunakan untuk mengobati wasir, batu empedu. dan penyakit hati Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mcmpelajari pengaruh cekaman air terhadap produksi dan mutu daun handeuleum. Percobaan pot (polybag) dilakukan di rumah plastik Balai Penelitian lanaman Rempah dan Obat. Bogor mulai bulan September 1997 sampai dengan Februari 1998. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 6 ulangan. Perlakuan tcrdiri atas 4 taraf cekaman air, yaitu : 1) 40% kapasitas lapang (KL), 2) 60% KL, 3) 80% KL dan 4) 100% KL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas daun, jumlah cabang, bera( kering akar, berat kering ba(ang dan berat kering daun pada 60% KL dan 80% KL paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya Untuk mutu daun yang dihasilkan, dari semua perlakuan memenuhi persyaratan yang dilctapkan dalam Malcria Medika Indonesia.</p><p>Kata kunci : Graptophyllum pictum L. cekaman air, produksi, mutu</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p><strong>Effect of water stress on Graptophyllum pictum L.</strong></p><p>Graptophyllum pictum is one of the raw materials lor medicinal The leaf can be used for hemorrhoids, bladder and liver, The objectives of the experiment was to study the efect of drought stress on production and quality of leaves. Pot experiment was carried oul in green house of Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops (RISMC). Bogor in September 1997 to February 1998. A randomized block design was used with six replicates. The treatments consisted of 4 levels of ield capacities 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The result of experiment showed mat leaf area, number of branches, root dry weight, branches dry weight and leaf dry weight on 60% and 80% of ield capacity were the highest compared with odier treatments. The quality of all treatments arc fulfilled in requirement of Indonesia Materia Mcdica.</p><p>Key words : Graptophyllum pictum L, water stress, production, quality</p>

scholarly journals Effect of moisture stress on morphological and yield attributes of four sorghum varieties

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
MA Khaton ◽  
A Sagar ◽  
JE Tajkia ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MS Mahmud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Water Stress Condition

Drought adversely affects growth and yield of crops to various extents. Growing of drought tolerant crops is a good option to obtain economical yields from water stress areas for which quick method to screen drought tolerant plants, particularly in early stages of their growth is important. For this reason, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the genetical potential to drought tolerance of four sorghum varieties viz Hybrid Sorgo, Safal, BD 731, BD 740. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The plants were grown under three drought levels viz. 100% FC (control), 70% FC and 40% FC. Growth and yield of the Sorghum varieties were found to be decreased gradually with gradual increase in drought levels as compared to the control. This reduction was associated with decreased yield components. Water stress also decreased protein and starch content. The variety BD 740 followed by BD 731 showed the better performance in respect of no. of grains panicle-1, panicle dry weight, 1000-grain weight, grain yield hill-1, protein content and starch content than Hybrid Sorgo and Safal at same water stress condition. Therefore Bangladeshi varieties were found more tolerant than Hybrid Sorgo variety to water stress. Findings of this research will be helpful for the farmers about the beneficial use of resource in terms of managing limited water as well as increasing crop productivity. Finally these research findings would certainly contribute food security in Bangladesh.Progressive Agriculture 27 (3): 265-271, 2016

scholarly journals Moisture Stress and Different Rates of Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
KP Halder ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MR Manir ◽  
MA Ali
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Reproductive Phase

The experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) Gazipur farm during Boro 2003-04 seasons to observe the moisture stress effects in relation to nutrient rates on growth and yield of rice. The treatments were three moisture stresses (NS= Always saturated condition i.e. 1-2 cm standing water; VPS= Withholding water at the vegetative phase i.e. 15 days after transplanting (DAT) to maximum tillering stage; RPS=Withholding water at the reproductive phase i.e. PI to flowering stage) and three fertilizer doses (F0= No fertilizer; HD= Half of the optimum dose and OD= Optimum dose i.e. 120-60-40-10-2 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5, K2O, S and Zn respectively). The treatments were applied in high yielding variety BRRI dhan29. The result showed that irrespective of nutrient rates, drought stress decreased plant height, tiller number and shoot dry weight. Unstressed plants (NS) produced the highest grain yield (3.14 to 6.51 tha-1) followed by vegetative phase stressed (VPS) plants (2.73 to 4.50 tha-1). The reproductive phase stressed (RPS) plants produced the lowest grain yield (2.54 to 4.20 t ha-1). Regardless of water stress, application of optimum dose (OD) of nutrients produced the highest grain yield followed by half dose (HD) of nutrients. No fertilizer treatment (F0) produced the lowest grain yield. Due to water stress, the highest grain yield reduction occurred in OD (22-32%) followed by HD (12-19%) and the lowest in F0 (4-15%). Bangladesh Rice j. 2018, 22(2): 23-30

scholarly journals Temperature Cycling Periods Meet Growth and Tuberization in Potatoes under Continuous Irradiation

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixing Cao ◽  
Theodore W. Tibbitts
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Temperature Cycling ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Tuber Development ◽  
Continuous Irradiation ◽  
Controlled Environments

Plants of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars Denali, Norland, Haig, and Kennebec were grown for 42 days under three temperature cycling periods (thermoperiods) with continuous irradiation in two repeated experiments to help determine if temperature cycling might be varied to optimize tuber development of potatoes in controlled environments. Thermoperiods of 6/6 hours, 12/12 hours and 24/24 hours were established with the same temperature change of 22/14C and same controlled vapor pressure deficit of 0.60 kPa. The thermoperiod of 24/24 hours significantly promoted tuber initiation but slowed tuber enlargement in all four cultivars, compared to the thermoperiods of 6/6 hours and 12/12 hours. `Denali' produced the highest tuber and total dry weights under the 6/6 hours thermoperiod. `Kennebec' produced the highest tuber dry weight under the 12/12 hours thermoperiod. Thermoperiods had no significant effect on shoot and root dry weights of any cultivars. The major effect of thermoperiod was on initiation and enlargement of tubers.

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