Studies on Structure in Plant Communities. VII. Field and Experimental Analyses of Atriplex vesicaria Populations From the Riverine Plain of New South Wales

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Malik ◽  
DJ Anderson ◽  
PJ Myerscough
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Total Density ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Soil Variation ◽  
Type Water

The majority of pattern analyses of total density data collected from geographically separated populations of Atriplex vesicaria, both in the western Riverine Plain of New South Wales and in areas of north-western New South Wales, provided evidence of bi- or trimodal contagion. More detailed analyses of pattern in age-related phases of these populations exhibited most intense patterning in 'seedling' phases, with a progressive reduction of pattern intensity in subsequent ('pioneer', 'building' and 'mature') phases of the entire population. It has been found that the pattern of young individuals may be correlated with patterned variation in microtopography, as well as with water and nutrient availability, and that the indirect effects of grazing animals may be responsible for the intermediate scales of the mosaic pattern in populations of sexually mature individuals. The performance of A. vesicaria plants was assessed experimentally in relation to a range of natural soils, with associated watering and defoliation treatments, and in controlled nutrient solution culture. The results suggest that performance (as estimated by dry weight yield) is affected significantly by soil type, water stress and defoliation. In an experimental context the prime effect of soil variation on yield appeared to be mediated by variation in soil cation balance, a patterned balance that may have been historically induced in the field situation.

An analysis of Atriplex inflata populations from western New South Wales

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Malik ◽  
DJ Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Type Water ◽  
And Performance

Pattern analyses of density and performance data collected from separate populations of Atriplex inflata in the western Riverine Plain of New South Wales consistentiy indicated two linear scales of contagion at 2-4 and 16 m. The largerscale plant pattern corresponds to a similar pattern of microtopographical variation but regressions of density alone on microtopography are significant, indicating possible alternative mechanisms for establishment (as indicated by density data) and subsequent performance (as indicated by cover data). The performance of A. inflata plants has been assessed experimentally on a range of natural soils and in controlled nutrient solution culture. The results suggest that performance (as estimated by dry weight yield) is significantly affected by soil type, water stress, and a soil type ° water stress interaction. The prime effect of soil variation on yield appears to be mediated by variation in soil cation balance.

Diet and growth of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, in two streams on the New England Tableland, New South Wales

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
RWJ Pidgeon
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
New England ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
South Wales

The diets and growth rates of rainbow trout in the Wollomombi and Guy Fawkes Rivers in northern New South Wales were examined. The growth rate of trout in the Wollomombi River was much higher than that of fish in the Guy Fawkes River. Spearman rank correlation coefficients indicated that stream type was more important than fish size in determining the composition of the diet of the trout. Benthic invertebrates formed the largest component of the diet in both streams: 66.0 and 63.0% of ash-free dry weight (AFDW) in the Wollomombi River and the Guy Fawkes River, respectively. Trout in the Wollomombi River consumed more nektonic prey (33.3% of AFDW) than fish in the Guy Fawkes River (3.7% of AFDW). In contrast, surface food (aquatic imagines and terrestrial insects) made up a much higher proportion of the diet of trout in the Guy Fawkes River (33.9% of AFDW) than in the Wollomombi River (0.6% of AFDW). Crayfish were a major component of the diet (in terms of AFDW) in both streams, their proportions increasing with fish size. The significance of crayfish in relation to fish growth is discussed.

Effect of split nitrogen applications on the yield and protein content of dryland wheat in northern New South Wales

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Doyle ◽  
RA Shapland
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
New South ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Equivalent Amount ◽  
N Application ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Yield Responses

Experiments were conducted with dryland wheat on a nitrogen (N) deficient site near Gunnedah, northern New South Wales, in 1987 and 1988 to compare post-sowing foliar applications of N with urea drilled between the rows at sowing. Post-sowing N was applied at tillering, booting or at both stages at rates of 20 or 40 kg N/ha while presowing applications ranged from 0-106 kg N/ha. Above ground dry weight and N uptake increased with increasing N application at sowing. Post-sowing N application increased dry weight and N uptake, with generally greater increases in N uptake than in dry weight. Dry weight and N uptake for post-sowing N application were invariably less than when an equivalent amount of N had been applied at sowing. Grain yield was increased by the application of up to 106 kg N/ha at sowing in 1987 and up to 80 kg N/ha in 1988 when a greater degree of moisture stress during grain filling restricted yield responses. Post-sowing N increased grain yield, but the yield response was lower than for the application of an equivalent amount of N at sowing. Grain yield responses were lower when N was applied at booting rather than tillering. Yield responses over the 2 years were 0.35-0.39 t/ha and 0.44-0.68 t/ha for 20 and 40 kg N/ha, respectively, applied at tillering and 0.26-0.4 t/ha and 0.26-0.48 t/ha for N application at booting. Post-sowing N application increased grain protein, with greater increases for booting than for tillering applications. There was an apparent recovery in the grain of 48-56% of N applied at sowing, but only 25-48% of N applied post-sowing.

Effect of fire upon weed seeds in the wet Sclerophyll forests of Northern New South Wales

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Floyd
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Light Flash ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soil Heating ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Sclerophyll Forests

The abundance, dry weight, and species of weeds found in the wet sclerophyll forests of northern New South Wales were determined by whether fire or tractor was used in seed bed preparation. Acacia, Dodonaea, and Kennedia whose seeds were stored in the ground were regarded as the most serious weeds and were germinated in great numbers by fire. The maximum depth of emergence and soil temperature range for increased germination of each of the three species was determined. Acacia was restricted by prolonged soil heating, whereas Kennedia produced maximum germination but was reduced under light flash fires. Intensity and duration of fire was therefore found to influence the abundance of such weed species, and could be used to some extent in their manipulation.

scholarly journals Age-related trends in injury and injury severity presenting to emergency departments in New South Wales Australia: Implications for major injury surveillance and trauma systems

Injury ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Dinh ◽  
Saartje Berendsen Russell ◽  
Kendall J. Bein ◽  
Kirsten Vallmuur ◽  
David Muscatello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Trauma Systems ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Major Injury

Oil concentration and composition of olives during fruit maturation in south-western New South Wales

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ayton ◽  
R. J. Mailer ◽  
K. Robards ◽  
B. Orchard ◽  
M. Vonarx
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Colour Development

This paper reports on an observational study of the oil and moisture content, and fatty acid profile, of olives (Olea europaea) for 15 tree groupings with groups consisting of trees with similar DNA patterns. Observations were taken at 2 sites (Wagga Wagga and Yanco) in south-western New South Wales, over 2 seasons. These sites represent the largest gene pool of developed olive trees in Australia. Differences in oil and moisture content were identified at both the Wagga Wagga and Yanco sites. At the former site, group 12 (˜cv. Tarascoa) had the highest oil content at full colour development in both 1998 and 1999 (50.1 and 45.5% dry weight, respectively) while at Yanco, group 15 (˜cv. Verdale) had the highest oil content in both years with 51.6 and 45.3%, respectively. The fatty acid profile was shown to be highly dependent upon tree group (i.e. cultivar), and with further study may be used as a method for discriminating among cultivars. The pattern of development of oil, moisture and fatty acids (palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids) is also detailed for 4 trees in the Wagga Wagga grove over the ripening season in 1998 and 1999. For these trees, oil content (dry weight basis) increased rapidly in the first 15 weeks (January–April) while moisture declined except for a small increase at around 10 weeks (mid-March). Fatty acid development showed similar trends between the trees over the length of the study.

Reduced early growth of direct drilled wheat in southern New South Wales: causes and consequences

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 869 ◽  
Author(s):  
PS Cornish ◽  
JR Lymbery
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Root Extension ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Direct Drilling

In five experiments with wheat over 4 years on a red earth soil in southern New South Wales, direct drilling reduced plant population by an average of 15% and individual plant dry weight at 10- 11 weeks by an average maximum of 33% compared with sowing into a cultivated seed bed. The maximum reduction in dry weight per unit area averaged 44% (at tillering), but compensatory growth reduced this to 17% by anthesis. Time to emergence was not reduced and differences in plant weight soon after emergence were very small, which suggests that the effect on plant growth occurred only after emergence. Effects of direct drilling on soil surface (0- 10 cm) temperature and water content were not important factors reducing plant population or early growth but high soil strength seemed the most likely cause of reduced root extension in the direct drilled seedbed (0-1 5 cm). Reduced root extension had no direct effect on plant water relations or nitrogen concentration in leaves, but there was a small effect on phosphorus concentration. Reduced root growth appears to reduce shoot growth but the mechanisms require further study. The reduced shoot growth led to reduced preanthesis water-use. After anthesis direct drilled crops generally used more water and had higher leaf water potentials than crops in cultivated soil, leading to yield increases in 2 of the years with dry spring conditions. Only in a drought year (1982) was there evidence of direct drilling reducing the maximum depth of rooting and therefore reducing total water-use resulting in lower grain yield (8%). Overall, direct drilling increased grain yields by 2.4% (2.514 v. 2.576 t/ha) compared with conventional tillage, despite the large reduction in early growth.

Population dynamics of the common wallaroo (Macropus robustus erubescens) in arid New South Wales

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
TF Clancy ◽  
DB Croft
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Density Fluctuations ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Common

The population dynamics of the common wallaroo or euro (Macropus robustus erubescens) were investigated in two adjacent sites in far western New South Wales. Wallaroo densities were generally higher in a site of high relief (South Ridge) than in one of low relief (South Sandstone); however, both sites exhibited large fluctuations in numbers (ranges of 2.23-18.31 per km*2 and 3.48-19.99 per km*2, respectively). The proportion of adult males relative to adult females was significantly higher in South Sandstone (c. 1.1 : 1) than in South Ridge (c. 0.4: 1), indicating a difference in habitat usage by the sexes. At both sites, fluctuations in overall density were best explained by changes in the density of adult females; however, the relative importance of changes in the numbers of other size-sex classes in determining density fluctuations differed between the two sites. Total density was significantly related to the previous rainfall regime in South Ridge but not in South Sandstone. Reproductive condition of females and survivorship of young were related to environmental conditions. Adult mortality ranged from 4.55 to 25.81% per year and adult survivorship was positively correlated with the abundance of grass. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that dispersal of subadults is predominantly a male phenomenon.

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