Effect of fire upon weed seeds in the wet Sclerophyll forests of Northern New South Wales

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Floyd
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Light Flash ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soil Heating ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Sclerophyll Forests

The abundance, dry weight, and species of weeds found in the wet sclerophyll forests of northern New South Wales were determined by whether fire or tractor was used in seed bed preparation. Acacia, Dodonaea, and Kennedia whose seeds were stored in the ground were regarded as the most serious weeds and were germinated in great numbers by fire. The maximum depth of emergence and soil temperature range for increased germination of each of the three species was determined. Acacia was restricted by prolonged soil heating, whereas Kennedia produced maximum germination but was reduced under light flash fires. Intensity and duration of fire was therefore found to influence the abundance of such weed species, and could be used to some extent in their manipulation.

Diet and growth of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, in two streams on the New England Tableland, New South Wales

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
RWJ Pidgeon
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
New England ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
South Wales

The diets and growth rates of rainbow trout in the Wollomombi and Guy Fawkes Rivers in northern New South Wales were examined. The growth rate of trout in the Wollomombi River was much higher than that of fish in the Guy Fawkes River. Spearman rank correlation coefficients indicated that stream type was more important than fish size in determining the composition of the diet of the trout. Benthic invertebrates formed the largest component of the diet in both streams: 66.0 and 63.0% of ash-free dry weight (AFDW) in the Wollomombi River and the Guy Fawkes River, respectively. Trout in the Wollomombi River consumed more nektonic prey (33.3% of AFDW) than fish in the Guy Fawkes River (3.7% of AFDW). In contrast, surface food (aquatic imagines and terrestrial insects) made up a much higher proportion of the diet of trout in the Guy Fawkes River (33.9% of AFDW) than in the Wollomombi River (0.6% of AFDW). Crayfish were a major component of the diet (in terms of AFDW) in both streams, their proportions increasing with fish size. The significance of crayfish in relation to fish growth is discussed.

Broad-toothed rat, Mastacomys fuscus (Rodentia, Muridae), found in alpine heathland in Tasmania.

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Driessen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
New South ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The State ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eucalypt Woodlands ◽  
Sclerophyll Forests

THE broad-toothed rat Mastacomys fuscus is a native, herbivorous rodent that occurs in New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. On the Australian mainland the species has been recorded in several habitats at altitudes ranging from sea level to 1800 m. In alpine and sub-alpine areas of New South Wales and Victoria it has been recorded in heathlands, open eucalypt woodlands and wet sedgelands (Calaby and Wimbush 1964; Dixon 1971; Seebeck 1971; Bubela et al. 1991). At lower altitudes in Victoria, it has been recorded in wet sclerophyll forests with a dense undergrowth, coastal heathland, coastal grassland and in a pine plantation (Seebeck 1971; Wallis et al. 1982; Warneke 1960). In Tasmania, M. fuscus has been previously recorded only in buttongrass moorlands of western Tasmania at altitudes ranging from sea level to 900 m (Finlayson 1933; Andrews 1968; Green 1968, 1984; Hocking and Guiler 1983; Driessen and Comfort 1991; Slater 1992; Driessen 1998). Buttongrass moorland (also referred to as sedgeland) is a treeless vegetation typically dominated by Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus (buttongrass) that covers more than a million hectares in Tasmania, predominantly in the western part of the State (Jarman et al. 1988). Buttongrass moorland is a very variable vegetation group and not all communities recognised within buttongrass moorland provide habitat for M. fuscus (Driessen and Comfort 1991; Slater 1992; Driessen 1998). The purpose of this note is to report the results of a survey for M. fuscus in alpine heathland, a habitat in which the species has not been previously recorded in Tasmania. This finding has significant implications for the conservation status of this species.

The effect of soil temperature on nodulation of cowpeas (Vigna sinensis)

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (27) ◽  
pp. 372 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Philpotts
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Chernozemic Soil ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Soil Temperatures

In two pot experiments at Narrabri, New South Wales, Poona cowpeas (Vigna sinensis) were sown in a black chernozemic soil at 1, 2, and 4 inches, and at 1 1/2 and 4 inches with and without a straw mulch, to give a range of soil temperatures at the depth of sowing. It was found that the higher the soil temperature at sowing depth the lower was the percentage of plants with nodules and the number of nodules per plant.

Changes in fallow weed species in continuous wheat in northern New South Wales 1981-1990

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Wicks ◽  
W. L. Felton ◽  
R. D. Murison ◽  
R. J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
New South ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
South Wales

Four experiments in northern New South Wales comparing fallow management treatments of no-tillage, cultivated with the stubble retained, and cultivated with the stubble burned, from 1981 to 1990, were sampled for weeds between wheat harvest and seeding on a number of occasions during this period. Eighty weed species were identified, 23 of which were found at all 4 sites but only 13 were recorded in the samples taken. These were dwarf amaranth, wild turnip, spear thistle, Australian bindweed, fleabane, bladder ketmia, prickly lettuce, turnip weed, variegated thistle, common sowthistle, dandelion, wild oats and native millet. The density of weeds during the fallow period decreased by 97% from 1981 to 1990 with some species eliminated, probably because of the herbicides used, particularly glyphosate and chlorsulfuron. These included Boggabri and redroot amaranth, button grass, caustic weed, dense crassula, fat hen, legumes, common peppercress, hedge mustard, London rocket, shepherd’s purse, wild mustard, sorghum-almum, paradoxa grass, wild zinnia, and wireweed. Twenty-four weed species were classified as a problem or a potential problem in the future at 1 or more sites. Seventeen weed species, including perennial grasses, often were tolerant to glyphosate at the rates used. The densities of common sowthistle and wild oat were reduced after 10 years, but still remained at all 4 sites. Plant density of species with wind-blown seeds was greater in no-tillage plots than stubble-retained or stubble-burned plots. Weeds whose seeds are dispersed by wind and weeds tolerant to glyphosate were the most troublesome. The perennial grass native millet increased at all 4 sites.

A survey of fallow practices and weed floras in wheat stubble and grain sorghum in northern New South Wales.

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
WL Felton ◽  
GA Wicks ◽  
SM Welsby
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Atrazine Treatment ◽  
Wheat Stubble

A survey undertaken in northern New South Wales after the 1989 wheat harvest investigated the effects of cultural practices used by dryland farmers on summer weed flora. Only 50% of fallow paddocks surveyed between December and February were weedfree, and by mid January 65% had inadequate stubble cover (<1000 kg/ha) for protection from soil erosion, mainly because of excessive tillage. By February, only 10% of paddocks were being sprayed with a herbicide to control weeds. Examination of 65 uncultivated fallow wheat stubble paddocks and 25 grain sorghum crops identified 87 and 51 different weed species, respectively. In fallow paddocks where no herbicide had been used, 69 and 61 species were found in ungrazed and grazed paddocks, respectively. Where glyphosate had been used the number of species was 37 (grazed) and 39 (ungrazed), and for glyphosate plus atrazine, 23 and 18 species. The number of weed species found in grain sorghum was 29 for cultivated without atrazine, 35 for cultivated with atrazine, and 35 for no-tillage with atrazine, The most important weeds found in fallow were liverseed grass, native millet, common sowthistle, wireweed, and barnyard grasses. Black bindweed was a problem where atrazine had not been used. Native millet was the most abundant species where atrazine had been applied. In grain sorghum the most common broadleaf weeds for cultivated paddocks with no atrazine treatment were Tribulus spp., Australian bindweed, pigweed, and Bathurst burr, while the most common grass weeds were barnyard grasses, liverseed grass, stinkgrass, and native millet. When cultivation plus atrazine was used, barnyard grasses, native millet, wild oats, and liverseed grass were the most common weeds. In minimum tillage or no-tillage paddocks treated with atrazine, native millet, Queensland blue grass, liverseed grass, common sowthistle, Australian bindweed, and windmill grass were the most common weeds.

A note on the effects of browsing by feral goats on a Belah (Casuarina Cristata) - Rosewood (Heterodendrum Oleifolium) woodland.

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Wilson ◽  
WE Mulham ◽  
JH Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
The Third ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Observation Period

In a Belah - Rosewood woodland in western New South Wales, stocking with feral goats over a four year period effected changes in the composition of the tree and shrub component. The most readily browsed tree was Rosewood and mature trees of this species were stripped of foliage to a height of 2 m. At an early stage Desert broombush (Templetonia egena) and young Warrior bush (Apophyllum anomalum) were severely damaged and young Yarran (Acacia homalophylla) and Belah defoliated. Most defoliated Yarran died within the observation period. Two shrubs regarded as weed species, Punty bush (Cassia eremophila var. platypoda) and Desert cassia (C. eremophila var. coriacea) were heavily browsed in the third year and subsequently eliminated. The weed shrub Turpentine (Eremophila sturtizl was not browsed at any time.

Effect of split nitrogen applications on the yield and protein content of dryland wheat in northern New South Wales

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Doyle ◽  
RA Shapland
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
New South ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Equivalent Amount ◽  
N Application ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Yield Responses

Experiments were conducted with dryland wheat on a nitrogen (N) deficient site near Gunnedah, northern New South Wales, in 1987 and 1988 to compare post-sowing foliar applications of N with urea drilled between the rows at sowing. Post-sowing N was applied at tillering, booting or at both stages at rates of 20 or 40 kg N/ha while presowing applications ranged from 0-106 kg N/ha. Above ground dry weight and N uptake increased with increasing N application at sowing. Post-sowing N application increased dry weight and N uptake, with generally greater increases in N uptake than in dry weight. Dry weight and N uptake for post-sowing N application were invariably less than when an equivalent amount of N had been applied at sowing. Grain yield was increased by the application of up to 106 kg N/ha at sowing in 1987 and up to 80 kg N/ha in 1988 when a greater degree of moisture stress during grain filling restricted yield responses. Post-sowing N increased grain yield, but the yield response was lower than for the application of an equivalent amount of N at sowing. Grain yield responses were lower when N was applied at booting rather than tillering. Yield responses over the 2 years were 0.35-0.39 t/ha and 0.44-0.68 t/ha for 20 and 40 kg N/ha, respectively, applied at tillering and 0.26-0.4 t/ha and 0.26-0.48 t/ha for N application at booting. Post-sowing N application increased grain protein, with greater increases for booting than for tillering applications. There was an apparent recovery in the grain of 48-56% of N applied at sowing, but only 25-48% of N applied post-sowing.

An analysis of Atriplex inflata populations from western New South Wales

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Malik ◽  
DJ Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Type Water ◽  
And Performance

Pattern analyses of density and performance data collected from separate populations of Atriplex inflata in the western Riverine Plain of New South Wales consistentiy indicated two linear scales of contagion at 2-4 and 16 m. The largerscale plant pattern corresponds to a similar pattern of microtopographical variation but regressions of density alone on microtopography are significant, indicating possible alternative mechanisms for establishment (as indicated by density data) and subsequent performance (as indicated by cover data). The performance of A. inflata plants has been assessed experimentally on a range of natural soils and in controlled nutrient solution culture. The results suggest that performance (as estimated by dry weight yield) is significantly affected by soil type, water stress, and a soil type ° water stress interaction. The prime effect of soil variation on yield appears to be mediated by variation in soil cation balance.

Oil concentration and composition of olives during fruit maturation in south-western New South Wales

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ayton ◽  
R. J. Mailer ◽  
K. Robards ◽  
B. Orchard ◽  
M. Vonarx
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Colour Development

This paper reports on an observational study of the oil and moisture content, and fatty acid profile, of olives (Olea europaea) for 15 tree groupings with groups consisting of trees with similar DNA patterns. Observations were taken at 2 sites (Wagga Wagga and Yanco) in south-western New South Wales, over 2 seasons. These sites represent the largest gene pool of developed olive trees in Australia. Differences in oil and moisture content were identified at both the Wagga Wagga and Yanco sites. At the former site, group 12 (˜cv. Tarascoa) had the highest oil content at full colour development in both 1998 and 1999 (50.1 and 45.5&percnt; dry weight, respectively) while at Yanco, group 15 (&tilde;cv. Verdale) had the highest oil content in both years with 51.6 and 45.3%, respectively. The fatty acid profile was shown to be highly dependent upon tree group (i.e. cultivar), and with further study may be used as a method for discriminating among cultivars. The pattern of development of oil, moisture and fatty acids (palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids) is also detailed for 4 trees in the Wagga Wagga grove over the ripening season in 1998 and 1999. For these trees, oil content (dry weight basis) increased rapidly in the first 15 weeks (January–April) while moisture declined except for a small increase at around 10 weeks (mid-March). Fatty acid development showed similar trends between the trees over the length of the study.

Studies on Structure in Plant Communities. VII. Field and Experimental Analyses of Atriplex vesicaria Populations From the Riverine Plain of New South Wales

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Malik ◽  
DJ Anderson ◽  
PJ Myerscough
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Total Density ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Soil Variation ◽  
Type Water

The majority of pattern analyses of total density data collected from geographically separated populations of Atriplex vesicaria, both in the western Riverine Plain of New South Wales and in areas of north-western New South Wales, provided evidence of bi- or trimodal contagion. More detailed analyses of pattern in age-related phases of these populations exhibited most intense patterning in 'seedling' phases, with a progressive reduction of pattern intensity in subsequent ('pioneer', 'building' and 'mature') phases of the entire population. It has been found that the pattern of young individuals may be correlated with patterned variation in microtopography, as well as with water and nutrient availability, and that the indirect effects of grazing animals may be responsible for the intermediate scales of the mosaic pattern in populations of sexually mature individuals. The performance of A. vesicaria plants was assessed experimentally in relation to a range of natural soils, with associated watering and defoliation treatments, and in controlled nutrient solution culture. The results suggest that performance (as estimated by dry weight yield) is affected significantly by soil type, water stress and defoliation. In an experimental context the prime effect of soil variation on yield appeared to be mediated by variation in soil cation balance, a patterned balance that may have been historically induced in the field situation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document