An analysis of Atriplex inflata populations from western New South Wales

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Malik ◽  
DJ Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Type Water ◽  
And Performance

Pattern analyses of density and performance data collected from separate populations of Atriplex inflata in the western Riverine Plain of New South Wales consistentiy indicated two linear scales of contagion at 2-4 and 16 m. The largerscale plant pattern corresponds to a similar pattern of microtopographical variation but regressions of density alone on microtopography are significant, indicating possible alternative mechanisms for establishment (as indicated by density data) and subsequent performance (as indicated by cover data). The performance of A. inflata plants has been assessed experimentally on a range of natural soils and in controlled nutrient solution culture. The results suggest that performance (as estimated by dry weight yield) is significantly affected by soil type, water stress, and a soil type ° water stress interaction. The prime effect of soil variation on yield appears to be mediated by variation in soil cation balance.

Studies on Structure in Plant Communities. VII. Field and Experimental Analyses of Atriplex vesicaria Populations From the Riverine Plain of New South Wales

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Malik ◽  
DJ Anderson ◽  
PJ Myerscough
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Total Density ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Soil Variation ◽  
Type Water

The majority of pattern analyses of total density data collected from geographically separated populations of Atriplex vesicaria, both in the western Riverine Plain of New South Wales and in areas of north-western New South Wales, provided evidence of bi- or trimodal contagion. More detailed analyses of pattern in age-related phases of these populations exhibited most intense patterning in 'seedling' phases, with a progressive reduction of pattern intensity in subsequent ('pioneer', 'building' and 'mature') phases of the entire population. It has been found that the pattern of young individuals may be correlated with patterned variation in microtopography, as well as with water and nutrient availability, and that the indirect effects of grazing animals may be responsible for the intermediate scales of the mosaic pattern in populations of sexually mature individuals. The performance of A. vesicaria plants was assessed experimentally in relation to a range of natural soils, with associated watering and defoliation treatments, and in controlled nutrient solution culture. The results suggest that performance (as estimated by dry weight yield) is affected significantly by soil type, water stress and defoliation. In an experimental context the prime effect of soil variation on yield appeared to be mediated by variation in soil cation balance, a patterned balance that may have been historically induced in the field situation.

Diet and growth of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, in two streams on the New England Tableland, New South Wales

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
RWJ Pidgeon
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
New England ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
South Wales

The diets and growth rates of rainbow trout in the Wollomombi and Guy Fawkes Rivers in northern New South Wales were examined. The growth rate of trout in the Wollomombi River was much higher than that of fish in the Guy Fawkes River. Spearman rank correlation coefficients indicated that stream type was more important than fish size in determining the composition of the diet of the trout. Benthic invertebrates formed the largest component of the diet in both streams: 66.0 and 63.0% of ash-free dry weight (AFDW) in the Wollomombi River and the Guy Fawkes River, respectively. Trout in the Wollomombi River consumed more nektonic prey (33.3% of AFDW) than fish in the Guy Fawkes River (3.7% of AFDW). In contrast, surface food (aquatic imagines and terrestrial insects) made up a much higher proportion of the diet of trout in the Guy Fawkes River (33.9% of AFDW) than in the Wollomombi River (0.6% of AFDW). Crayfish were a major component of the diet (in terms of AFDW) in both streams, their proportions increasing with fish size. The significance of crayfish in relation to fish growth is discussed.

Development of heartwood in response to water stress for radiata pine in Southern New South Wales, Australia

Trees ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Moreno Chan ◽  
C. A. Raymond ◽  
J. C. F. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Response To Water

Selenium concentration in the blood of ruminants grazing in Northern New South Wales. 2. Relationship with geological, pedological and other variables

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Langlands ◽  
JE Bowles ◽  
AJ Smith ◽  
GE Donald
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Low Concentrations

Selenium concentrations in blood from cattle from 794 farms in northern New South Wales were classified on the basis of underlying parent material, soil type, altitude and rainfall. Blood selenium concentrations declined from west to east, and with increasing rainfall and altitude; low concentrations were particularly evident on both acid and basic igneous rocks. There were significant differences between basalts in different locations and between particular plutonic bodies. Cattle grazing on soils with contrasting and gradational profiles generally had lower selenium concentrations than those grazing on soils with uniform profiles. Podzolic soils and chocolate-prairie and kraznozem-chocolate soil associations were present in areas with low blood selenium concentrations.

The intake and performance of cattle grazing irrigated pastures. 2. Effect of pasture length on growth of steers

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (64) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
DW Hennessy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
South Wales ◽  
And Performance

The organic matter intakes (OMI) and liveweight of twenty-four weaner steers grazing either short or long irrigated annual pastures were compared during May to November in 1964 and 1965 at Leeton, New South Wales. The OMI were estimated from determinations of faeces organic matter output using chromic oxide dilution, and of digestibility estimated from a faeces nitrogen-digestibility relationship for pen-fed cattle. Weaners that grazed the short or long pasture did not differ significantly in final liveweights (356 v.361 kg respectively, 1964; 357 v.361 kg, 1965) or OMI (4.99 v.5.42 kg day-1, 1964; 5.78 v.6.06 kg day-1, 1965) although available dry matter was less (P < 0.05) in short than in long pastures in both years. The OMI were commensurate with the 0.6 kg mean daily liveweight gains of weaners, which however were smaller than other reported growth rates, and an unsatisfactory production from the costly pastures. The reasons for the small liveweight gains are unknown but it is suggested that high moisture contents (85 per cent) of pastures restricted intake, or that high clover contents (58 per cent) caused bloating and rumen distension which thereby restricted intake.

Distribution of Rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Warrens in relation to Soil Type

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Parer ◽  
JA Libke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
High Soil ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Rabbit warrens in a semiarid environment of New South Wales were concentrated in those areas where impact penetrometer readings indicated friable soil to a depth of at least 75 cm. Isolated warrens in areas with few warrens were found in restricted patches of favourable soil. The absence of warrens from areas with shallow soil was considered to be due to high soil temperatures. The distribution of the rabbit in Australia was examined in relation to deep soil temperatures. It was suggested that the application of bituminous coating on ripped warrens may be a useful technique for the control of rabbits in the arid zone.

Effect of split nitrogen applications on the yield and protein content of dryland wheat in northern New South Wales

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Doyle ◽  
RA Shapland
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
New South ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Equivalent Amount ◽  
N Application ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Yield Responses

Experiments were conducted with dryland wheat on a nitrogen (N) deficient site near Gunnedah, northern New South Wales, in 1987 and 1988 to compare post-sowing foliar applications of N with urea drilled between the rows at sowing. Post-sowing N was applied at tillering, booting or at both stages at rates of 20 or 40 kg N/ha while presowing applications ranged from 0-106 kg N/ha. Above ground dry weight and N uptake increased with increasing N application at sowing. Post-sowing N application increased dry weight and N uptake, with generally greater increases in N uptake than in dry weight. Dry weight and N uptake for post-sowing N application were invariably less than when an equivalent amount of N had been applied at sowing. Grain yield was increased by the application of up to 106 kg N/ha at sowing in 1987 and up to 80 kg N/ha in 1988 when a greater degree of moisture stress during grain filling restricted yield responses. Post-sowing N increased grain yield, but the yield response was lower than for the application of an equivalent amount of N at sowing. Grain yield responses were lower when N was applied at booting rather than tillering. Yield responses over the 2 years were 0.35-0.39 t/ha and 0.44-0.68 t/ha for 20 and 40 kg N/ha, respectively, applied at tillering and 0.26-0.4 t/ha and 0.26-0.48 t/ha for N application at booting. Post-sowing N application increased grain protein, with greater increases for booting than for tillering applications. There was an apparent recovery in the grain of 48-56% of N applied at sowing, but only 25-48% of N applied post-sowing.

Effect of fire upon weed seeds in the wet Sclerophyll forests of Northern New South Wales

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Floyd
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Light Flash ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soil Heating ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Sclerophyll Forests

The abundance, dry weight, and species of weeds found in the wet sclerophyll forests of northern New South Wales were determined by whether fire or tractor was used in seed bed preparation. Acacia, Dodonaea, and Kennedia whose seeds were stored in the ground were regarded as the most serious weeds and were germinated in great numbers by fire. The maximum depth of emergence and soil temperature range for increased germination of each of the three species was determined. Acacia was restricted by prolonged soil heating, whereas Kennedia produced maximum germination but was reduced under light flash fires. Intensity and duration of fire was therefore found to influence the abundance of such weed species, and could be used to some extent in their manipulation.

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