Response of Vegetation on Subantarctic Macquarie Island to Reduced Rabbit Grazing

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geof Copson ◽  
Jennie Whinam
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Macquarie Island ◽  
Rabbit Grazing ◽  
Luxuriant Growth ◽  
Study Sites

The responses of vascular plant species to a reduction in grazing pressure were monitored as part of a rabbit-control program on Macquarie Island. The initial response of the vegetation was more luxuriant growth with changes in abundance recorded after 2–3 years. After 8–10 years the relative abundance of several species had changed while species not previously recorded had appeared on study sites and others had disappeared. Of the 32 species recorded on study sites, 11 species (Agrostis magellanica, Deschampsia chapmanii, Festuca contracta, Juncus scheuchzerioides, Luzula crinita, Pleurophyllum hookeri, Poa annua, P. foliosa, Stilbocarpa polaris and Uncinia spp. (two species)) were found to form the major portion of the rabbits’ diet while another four species (Acaena magellanica, Cerastium fontanum, Isolepis aucklandica, Polystichum vestitum) were moderately grazed. The other species were either rarely grazed or occurred too infrequently to assess. Of the 25 species that were recorded over 30 times, 17 were considered to have benefited from the introduction of rabbits.

In vitro measurements of the competitive interactions between two saprobic basidiomycetes on Typha latifolia

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1523-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Schulz ◽  
James F. Cahill, ◽  
Randolph S. Currah
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
In Vitro Measurements ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Leaf Segments

Psathyrella typhae (Kalchbr.) Pearson & Dennis forms small basidiomata (mushrooms) and Sclerotium hydrophilum Saccardo in Rothert numerous minute sclerotia at the base of senescent shoots of Typha latifolia L. To assess how the two might compete in nature, isolates of these fungi were paired on autoclaved leaf segments of T. latifolia and incubated at 15 and 25 °C. The relative abundance of each species in the segments was determined by macerating the leaf tissues and then transferring fragments of macerate to microplates containing two types of media: one conclusively demonstrated the presence of P. typhae while the other demonstrated the presence of S. hydrophilum. Relative numbers of microplate wells showing positive reactions for each species on each medium indicated the proportion of the segment occupied following single and paired inoculations. These data demonstrated that competition was asymmetric, with P. typhae the stronger competitor at both temperatures, and uninhibited by the presence of S. hydrophilum. In contrast, S. hydrophilum was competitively excluded by P. typhae.

scholarly journals Effective COVID-19 Control: A Comparative Analysis of the Stringency and Timeliness of Government Responses in Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8686
Author(s):  
Shu Chen ◽  
Lei Guo ◽  
Taghred Alghaith ◽  
Di Dong ◽  
Mohammed Alluhidan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Health System ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
System Control ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
Study Sites

Aim: Many governments in East and Southeast Asia responded promptly and effectively at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Synthesizing and analyzing these responses is vital for disease control evidence-based policymaking. Methods: An extensive review of COVID-19 control measures was conducted in selected Asian countries and subregions, including Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore, Japan, and Vietnam from 1 January to 30 May 2020. Control measures were categorized into administrative, public health, and health system measures. To evaluate the stringency and timeliness of responses, we developed two indices: the Initial Response Index (IRI) and the Modified Stringency Index (MSI), which builds on the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT). Results: Comprehensive administrative, public health, and health system control measures were implemented at the onset of the outbreak. Despite variations in package components, the stringency of control measures across the study sites increased with the acceleration of the outbreak, with public health control measures implemented the most stringently. Variations in daily average MSI scores are observed, with Mainland China scoring the highest (74.2), followed by Singapore (67.4), Vietnam (66.8), Hong Kong (66.2), South Korea (62.3), Taiwan (52.1), and Japan (50.3). Variations in IRI scores depicting timeliness were higher: Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Singapore acted faster (IRI > 50.0), while Japan (42.4) and Mainland China (4.2) followed. Conclusions: Timely setting of stringency of the control measures, especially public health measures, at dynamically high levels is key to optimally controlling outbreaks.

Mass Spectra of Some Carbamates and Related Ureas. II

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
W R Benson ◽  
J N Damico
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Data ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
The Other ◽  
Methyl Isocyanate ◽  
Mass Spectral Data ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Fragmentation Patterns ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Abstract Mass spectral data for fourteen carbamates, live dithiocarbamates, one thiocarbamate, and eight phenylureas are given with some interpretations. Among the compounds examined were some sulfur-containing aliphatic oxime carbamates; these lost the sulfur moieties more easily than the methyl isocyanate moiety. In the aryl IV-methylcarbamate series, the CH3NCO moiety appears to be lost most easily, as it is in pyrolysis. When l-(2-chlorophenyI)-3- methylurea is fragmented, unexpectedly the [HNC0]+ ion is found in high relative abundance. However, the remaining ureas undergo fragmentation in a manner similar to their related carbamates. Although the two ethylene bisdithiocarbamates give essentially identical fragmentation patterns, the spectra of the other four thio- and dithiocarbamates show sufficient differences so that they may be distinguished from one another.

Jesus and the challenging gift of the other: An expository article on Mark 7:24–30

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Guy Sayles
Keyword(s):  
Initial Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Verbal Exchange ◽  
Expository Article ◽  
Reign Of God ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Divine Mercy ◽  
To Receive

Mark 7:24–30 tells the story of Jesus’ surprising encounter and sharp verbal exchange with a Syrophoenician woman who sought healing for her demon-oppressed daughter. The woman embodies otherness in many dimensions: religious, ethnic, status, and gender. Jesus’ initial response to her request, expressed in a harsh-sounding parabolic proverb, is resistance and reluctance. This article explores possible reasons for that reluctance and suggests that Jesus initially understood that the Reign of God would be realized first among Jews and only later among Gentiles. The woman’s clever response to Jesus, as well as her insistence on the inclusiveness of divine mercy, served to change Jesus’ mind about the order and timing of the fulfillment of God’s in-breaking rule and reign. This article takes the view that Jesus’ change of mind can serve as a model for contemporary followers of Jesus who sometimes struggle to receive the challenging gifts of otherness. It also affirms that “the others” often have both insights and courage which may be catalytic for the growth of those who encounter them.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity at sea level and high-altitude urban and rural settings: The CRONICAS Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 2235042X1987529
Author(s):  
J Jaime Miranda ◽  
Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz ◽  
Robert H Gilman ◽  
Liam Smeeth ◽  
German Malaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Alcohol Disorders ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Study Sites

Objective: To characterize the prevalence and clustering of multimorbidity in four diverse geographical settings in Peru. Methods: Multimorbidity, defined as having ≥2 chronic conditions, was studied in adults aged ≥35 years in four diverse settings in Peru: Lima, Tumbes, and urban and rural Puno. Six of these conditions (alcohol disorder, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, diabetes, and hypertension) were cataloged as objectively ascertained chronic conditions and paired in dyads to explore clusters of multimorbidity. Results: We analyzed data from 2890 adults, mean age 55.2 years, 49% males. Overall, 19.1% of participants had multimorbidity, ranging from 14.7% in semi-urban Tumbes to 22.8% in Lima. The dyads with the highest coexistence (approximately 20%) were observed in hypertension and diabetes in Tumbes, whereas the dyads with lowest coexistence (approximately 1%) were those involving asthma in all study sites. In terms of clusters, Tumbes showed a predominance of hypertension and diabetes, urban and rural Puno a predominance of depression and alcohol disorders, and Lima a higher degree of coexistence of all of the six conditions than in the other clusters. Conclusion: Multimorbidity is common and the pattern of clusters is highly heterogeneous. The conditions to prioritize will vary in each setting.

Movements of Two Rabid Raccoons, Procyon lotor, in Eastern Ontario

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Rosatte ◽  
Mike Allan ◽  
Rob Warren ◽  
Peter Neave ◽  
Todd Babin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Procyon Lotor ◽  
Control Program ◽  
The Other ◽  
Juvenile Male ◽  
Inspection Agency ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
Facial Area ◽  
Canadian Food Inspection Agency ◽  
Initial Capture

An adult female Raccoon Procyon lotor was captured about 3 km north of Mallorytown, Ontario, on 27 August 2004, as part of a government rabies control program. The animal was vaccinated against rabies, ear-tagged and released, and recaptured the next day 1.7 km south of the initial capture location. Upon recapture, the Raccoon had porcupine quills in its facial area and seemed agitated and was submitted for rabies testing. It was confirmed as rabies positive on 31 August 2004, by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Similarly, a juvenile male raccoon was captured, ear-tagged, vaccinated, and released near Junetown, Ontario (about 4 km NW of the other rabid Raccoon) on 5 September 2004. It was found dying in a residential window well on 22 September 2004, 700 meters from the original capture location. It was diagnosed as rabid on 23 September 2004.

Étude des relations entre les communautés piscicoles et les différents habitats d'une rivière nordique: notion d'habitat optimal

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3344-3352
Author(s):  
Louise Savard ◽  
Guy Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Linkage Cluster ◽  
Complete Linkage Cluster ◽  
Satellite Species

A complete linkage cluster analysis using the physical characteristics of the sampling sites has revealed the existence of five groups corresponding to five habitat types nonequally distributed in a northern Quebec river. According to the results of discriminant analysis using the relative abundance of the fish species present, these habitats support populations which differ by the relative abundance of species and not by the presence or absence of some particular species. A habitat is first characterized by a species living preferentially in this habitat, then by the other species inhabiting the area in an opportunistic way, and finally by some satellite species which do not seem to have any marked requirements. A habitat is considered as optimal for a species first if this species inhabits this area preferentially to others and secondly if this use is more advantageous for growth or condition factor. This seems to be confirmed for two of the most abundant species, northern pike (Esox lucius) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), both of which have a higher condition factor and a better growth in the part of the river where their optimal habitat is more frequently found.

scholarly journals Differentiation of two distinct K conductances in the basolateral membrane of turtle colon.

1986 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
W J Germann ◽  
M E Lowy ◽  
S A Ernst ◽  
D C Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Ion Selectivity ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tracer Kinetics ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
K Channels ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Different Populations

The K conductance of the basolateral membrane of turtle colon was measured in amphotericin-treated cell layers under a variety of ionic conditions. Changing the composition of the bathing solutions changed not only the magnitude but also the physical properties of the basolateral K conductance. The results are consistent with the notion that altered ionic environments can lead to changes in the relative abundance of two different populations of K channels in the basolateral membrane, which can be differentiated on the basis of pharmacological specificity, ion selectivity, and tracer kinetics. In the following article (Germann, W. J., S. A. Ernst, and D. C. Dawson, 1986, Journal of General Physiology, 88:253-274), we present evidence consistent with the hypothesis that one of these conductances was due to the same channels that give rise to the normal resting basolateral K conductance of the transporting cells, while the other was associated with experimental maneuvers that led to extreme swelling of the epithelial cells.

External ultrastructure of sensilla on the antennal flagellum of a female black fly, Simulium arcticum (Diptera: Simuliidae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1425-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Shipp ◽  
J. F. Sutcliffe ◽  
E. G. Kokko
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Antennal Flagellum

The distribution, relative abundance, and external ultrastructure of the antennal flagellar spines, hairs, and pegs of female Simulium arcticum (IIL-3) and (IIS-10.11) are described. Five types of sensilla were found; two are probably contact chemosensilla, with one type at the flagellar tip and the other type on the general flagellar surface, and the three others are probably olfactory sensillae, also on the flagellar surface. Results from this study are compared with those of previous studies of black fly antennal sensilla.

Studies on the habits of Zebu cattle V. Night paddocking and its effect on the animal

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Harker ◽  
J. I. Taylor ◽  
D. H. L. Rollinson
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Free Grazing

The results of 8 days' observations with ten animals, under both free-grazing and night-paddock systems, are given. These results are discussed in relation to changes in the food consumption of the animals. The indications are that when the animals are on rough grazing, the pattern of behaviour is not influenced by the night-paddocking system, but that the food consumption of the animals is affected by the relative abundance of herbage in the day and night enclosures. In this trial one comparison shows a significant reduction in average ruminating times by 1 hr. without any effect on the grazing time, when the herbage was scarce in the night paddock; and in the other comparison, when there was more herbage in the night paddock than in the day paddock, the food consumption, as indicated by the ruminating times, was unaffected, but at the same time the animals needed to graze 1 hr. more under the free-grazing conditions than under the night-paddocking system.

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