Forest Biosecurity in Canada – An Integrated Multi-Agency Approach

In Canada, forest biosecurity is primarily under federal jurisdiction as the federal government is the signatory to the International Plant Protection Convention and other international trade agreements. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), which is Canada’s National Plant Protection Organization, has the mandate of analyzing risks, setting policy, and managing incursion responses related to forest biosecurity. Other federal government agencies play important roles; the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) enforces regulations at international ports of entry and the Canadian Forest Service of Natural Resources Canada conducts research and analysis in support of the development and implementation of phytosanitary regulations. The provinces and territories also manage invasive species through implementing regulations to prevent the spread of established forest pests. This paper outlines the regulatory framework for forest biosecurity within Canada, and provides case studies of species that have invaded Canadian forests or are anticipated to do so in the near future.

Penggunaan Kosmetik Berbahaya dalam Persfektif Hukum Islam

The rampant circulation of dangerous cosmetics is something that needs to be watched out for, because in addition to violating the law, its existence can also endanger its users. Cosmetics that basically function as self-decoration turn into self-destructors. On that basis, this study aims to analyze the law on the use of harmful cosmetics in the perspective of Islamic law. This study uses a qualitative research method based on library research. The main data sources are the Qur'an and Hadith, and the supporting data sources are the thoughts of the four imams of the schools (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hambali) and fatwa the Indonesian Ulama Council. The results of the study indicate that the use of harmful cosmetics is forbidden in Islam, this is in accordance with the word of Allah in the Qur'an Surah al-Ahzab verse 33. All the Imams of the Schools state that the factors of the prohibition of cosmetics are seen from three things, namely the ingredients of manufacture, the method of making them, and the impact it has. If one of the three things is haram, then the cosmetic is not allowed to be used. In addition, in terms of use, Muslims should use cosmetics that have been registered with the Food and Drug Inspection Agency, and also have a halal label issued by the Indonesian Ulama Council.

Expert elicitation to estimate the feed safety impact of criteria included in the Canadian Food Inspection Agency risk assessment model for feed mills

The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is developing an Establishment-based Risk Assessment model for commercial and on-farm mills involved in the manufacture, storage, packaging, labelling or distribution of livestock feed (ERA-Feed Mill model). This model will help inform the allocation of inspection resources based on feed safety risk, including animal health and food safety risk. In a previous study, 34 risk factors, grouped into inherent, mitigation and compliance clusters, along with their assessment criteria were selected. The objective of this current study was to estimate the relative risk (RR) of the 203 assessment criteria based on their impact on feed safety to design an ERA-Feed Mill model algorithm. Furthermore, the intent of this study was to assess the maximum increase or decrease of risk obtained when multiple criteria belonging to a same cluster were identified in a specific feed mill. To do so, a two-round face-to-face expert elicitation was conducted with 28 Canadian feed experts. Results showed no significant association between respondent profiles (years of experience, work sector) and estimated RR. Uniformity of answers between experts improved between rounds. Criteria having the highest increase in risk (median RR≥4) included the presence of materials prohibited to be fed to ruminants in a facility that produces ruminant feed, the presence of multiple livestock species on site and historical non-compliances related to the inspection of the feed mill’s process control and end-product control programs. Risk mitigation criteria having the highest impact on decreasing the risk were the implementation of feed safety certifications, the use of dedicated manufacturing lines (prohibited materials, medications) and having a hazard sampling plan in place for finished feed. The median RR assigned to each criterion and cluster will be used to build an algorithm of the CFIA’s ERA-Feed Mill model.

AAC Banner Oat

AAC Banner is a white-hulled spring oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivar developed at the Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It was supported for registration by the Ontario Cereal Crops Committee (OCCC) in January 2017 and was registered by the Variety Registration Office of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency on Aug 11, 2017 (Registration #8340). It yielded well in both Ontario and Quebec, but is particularly adapted to eastern and southern Ontario, where crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) is a key yield-limiting factor. It has high β-glucan content and is a miller approved milling oat cultivar. It also has superior post-maturation standability.

Changes in processing and labelling of frozen chicken products available to consumers in Vancouver

Background: Between May 2017 and May 2019, 18 Salmonella outbreaks in Canada were linked to raw chicken, resulting in the recall of 13 chicken products. Most of these products contained frozen raw breaded chicken, such as chicken nuggets, chicken fries, and breaded chicken burgers. (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2019) These products are especially risky for consumers because they may appear precooked, resulting in inadequate food safety measures being taken. (Catford, Ganz, & Tamber, 2017). Due to this concern, as of April 1, 2019, all frozen raw breaded chicken product manufacturers are required to follow one of four Salmonella control measures set out by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). The simplest option for processors is to precook their products to destroy Salmonella bacteria and produce a ready-to-eat product. (Government of Canada, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, & Food Safety and Consumer Protection Directorate, 2019a) Methods: Data was collected from all frozen chicken products available at 14 retail locations in Metro Vancouver that were randomly selected in previous studies carried out in 2018 and 2019 by the British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) and British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT) students. The processing status of the products surveyed in this study (n=466) was compared to those collected in the previous studies done in 2018 and 2019, respectively (n=383; n=415). Other information collected included whether product packaging contained statements of internal temperature, requirements for thermometer use, and additional food safety instructions. Data on these parameters collected in the current study (n=466) were compared to similar data collected in 2008 (n=24) and in 2018 (n=67). Photos were taken of all product labels and relevant data from the photos was compiled in Microsoft Excel. Statistical analyses were done using chi-square tests performed using NCSS 2019 software. Results: The proportion of surveyed frozen chicken products that were cooked as opposed to raw increased from 38% in 2018 to 41% in 2019 to 69% in 2020. The proportion of products containing statements regarding required internal temperatures increased from 58% in 2008 to 96% in 2018 and then decreased to 86% in 2020. 0%, 4.5%, and 1.7% of products surveyed in 2008, 2018, and 2020, respectively, included an indication to use a food thermometer. 79%, 57%, and 25% of products surveyed in the same years included additional food safety statements. Conclusions: This study showed that the ratio of cooked to uncooked frozen chicken products available to consumers in the Metro Vancouver area has increased since the CFIA’s Salmonella control measure requirements for frozen breaded chicken manufacturers were implemented in 2019. The 28% and 26% increase since 2018 and 2019, respectively, suggests that many frozen chicken product manufacturers are complying with the CFIA requirements by using a validated cook process to reduce Salmonella in their products. This study also showed that, since 2019, there has been a significant decline in the proportion of frozen chicken products that contain information about internal cooking temperatures and additional food safety information on their packaging.

Dampak Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah Terhadap Pengelolaan Arsip Dinamis di Balai Karantina Ikan, Pengendalian Mutu dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan Semarang

Arsip adalah rekaman kegiatan/peristiwa dalamberbagai bentuk dalam media sesuai denganperkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasiyang dibuat dan diterima oleh lembaga Negara,pemerintahan daeah, lembaga pendidikan,perusahaan, organisasi politik, organisasikemasyarakatan, dan perseorangan dalampelaksanaan kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa,dan bernegara. Kegiatan Pengelolaan arsip dinamisadalah proses penciptaan, penggunaan danPemeliharaan, serta penyusutan arsip yang dilakukanterhadap arsip aktif , arsip inaktif dan arsip vital, secaraefisien, efektif, dan sistematis. Tujuan dari artikel iniadalah untuk memberikan informasi kepadamasyarakat dengan ditetapkannyaUndang-UndangRINo. 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah,maka kegiatan pengelolaan arsip dinamis di BalaiKarantina Ikan Pengendalian Mutu dan KeamananHasil Perikanan volumenya menjadi lebih banyak.Metode yang digunakan adalah Kuantitatif yaitumetode riset yang fokus pada penggunaan angka,tabel, grafik untuk menampilkan hasil data yangdiperoleh dari Sidat (Sistim Informasi Data Statistik)yang ada padaBalaiKarantina Ikan PengendalianMutudan Keamanan Hasil Perkanan. Data yang dihasilkanmelalui Sidat dihasilkan jumlah arsip sebelum dansesudah adanya Undang-undang Republik IndonesiaNomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerahterjadi perbedaan yang signifikan, sehinggaberdampak sekali pada pengelolaan arsip di BalaiKarantina Ikan Pengendalian Mutu dan KeamananHasil Perikanan Semarang, semakin bertambahnyavolume arsip maka akan berpengaruh pula denganketersediaan sarana dan prasarana,mengingat saranadan prasarana di Balai Karantina Ikan PengendalianMutu dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan Semarangterbatas. Kesimpulannya adalah pada Balai KarantinaIkan Pengendalian Mutu dan Keamanan HasilPerikananSemarang berupayamenambah sarana danprasarana dalam pengelolaan arsip. The archive is recording activities and events invarious forms in media in line with the developmentof information technology and communication aremade and received by state institutions, localgovernment, educational institution, company,political organization, social organization andindividuals in the implementation of social lifenational and state. The Activity of managementdynamic archive is the process of creation, use andmaintenance, and depreciation archive done withactive archive, inactive archive and vital archive asan efficient, effective, and systematic. The purposeof this article to giving information to society with thelaw of the Republic of Indonesia number 23 of 2014concerning local government, so the managementactivities archive dynamic in Fish Quarantine andInspection Agency . The methods used quantitativemethod which is focused on numeric, table, graphicto show the result data which collected from Sidat(statistics data information system) in FishQuarantine and Inspection Agency. Data collectthrough Sidat produced by archive number beforeand after the law of the Republic of Indonesianumber 23 of 2014 on local government is going ona significant difference, so that it will effected onarchive management in Fish Quarantine andInspection Agency Semarang. It will increase archivevolume that can be effected the availability facilityand infrastructure, by remembering it in FishQuarantine And Inspection Agency Semarang. Theconclusion is in Fish Quarantine and InspectionAgency Semarang attempted to improveinfrastructure in archivemanagement

AAC Bell barley

AAC Bell is a two-row spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar with high yield, heavy kernel weight, and good lodging resistance. It was tested as CH2714-4 in the Atlantic Recommending Committee for Cereal Crops (2015–2017), Quebec Recommending Committee for Cereal (2015–2017), and Ontario Cereal Crops Committee (2016–2017) trials before being registered by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency in 2018. AAC Bell was developed by the Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON. AAC Bell is recommended for barley growing areas in eastern Canada.

AAC Ling barley

AAC Ling is a two-row spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar with high grain yield, high straw yield, and good lodging resistance. It was tested as CH2720-5 in the Atlantic Recommending Committee for Cereal Crops (2015–2017), Quebec Recommending Committee for Cereal (2015–2017), and Ontario Cereal Crops Committee (2016–2017) trials before being registered by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency in 2018. AAC Ling was developed by the Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON. AAC Ling is recommended for barley growing areas in eastern Canada.

DRDO and Expectations of Stakeholders

DRDO is India’s major credible research and development organization that enables self-reliance and indigenisation of defence technologies and weapon systems to empower India in the emerging geo-political balance. The Organisation has its genesis in a technical inspection agency which over the years have transformed into a highly professional R&D organization with strong design and technology capabilities and skilled entrepreneurship to undertake development of state-of-the-art defence systems. DRDO driven R&D efforts have catalysed the growth of domestic defence and civilian industries in the country as well. The overarching endeavours of DRDO encompassing academia, private industry and Defence PSUs have helped in establishing a self-reliant defence industrial eco-system and collectively all have contributed in the Hon’ble Prime Minister’s vision of “skill development” and “Make-in-India”. Yet, DRDO’s struggle at the national level continues since Armed Forces continue to depend on imports for major acquisitions. Indigenous options have not always established themselves as the preferred options even when they are available. The acceptability of DRDO developed products remains at a low ebb. The question is what more DRDO should do to ensure the acceptability of the users? This study examines the evolution of the DRDO and whether over the years DRDO has done enough or should do more to increase its visibility, acceptability, credibility and respectability? And how DRDO should reposition itself beyond MoD/Armed Forces in the national and international context to fulfill the ambitions of the country to play global roles? This paper also discusses how building the brand “DRDO” may possibly help DRDO.

Recalls of Foods due to Microbial Contamination Classified by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2000 to 2017

ABSTRACT Recall of microbial-contaminated food products is an important intervention in preventing the transmission of foodborne illness. Here, we summarize the number and nature of foods recalled as a result of microbial contamination, classified by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, for the period 1 January 2000 through 31 December 2017. A total of 10,432 food products were recalled from 2,094 recall events in Canada because of microbial contamination during this period. The meat, meat products and poultry category, followed by fishery and seafood products and nuts and edible seeds, contained the food products most commonly associated with microbial contamination. Most microbial-contaminated food products reported were recalled because of the presence bacterial pathogens. Salmonella contamination was responsible for the largest number of recall events, whereas Listeria monocytogenes contamination accounted for the greatest number of food products recalled because of microbial contamination. L. monocytogenes contamination was also most commonly associated with major food recall events, although records may be inflated because of an invested effort to prevent future L. monocytogenes outbreaks following a 2008 deli meat recall. The findings and data we present in this study will support future surveillance and analysis of microbial-contaminated food recalls in Canada.