The legacy of pasture improvement causes recruitment failure in grassy eucalypt woodland conservation reserves in the Midlands of Tasmania

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Romanin ◽  
Lynda D. Prior ◽  
David J. M. S. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Landscape Conservation ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
Tree Recruitment ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Recruitment Failure ◽  
Eucalypt Woodlands ◽  
And Function

Australia’s most fragmented and least reserved landscapes are the grassy eucalypt woodlands of the south-east. Two hundred years of agricultural disruption have transformed these landscapes, and agricultural enterprises continue to expand and develop, meaning the threats to these landscapes have not abated. The Tasmanian Midlands is primarily privately owned, with very little area devoted to conservation of biodiversity. In this landscape, conservation covenants have been enacted on many private properties with the intention of encouraging tree recruitment and conservation of threatened plant communities and rare species. Evidence of the effectiveness of these covenants in protecting overstorey tree population health is lacking. This study compared the demographic structures of overstorey Eucalyptus species and midstorey tree genera on public and private properties with contrasting land use histories. Reserves on private lands had little tree recruitment, probably because exotic pasture species were common, whereas tree recruitment was abundant in public reserves, where pasture improvement has not occurred. Active measures are needed to restore ecological structure and function in grassy woodland conservation reserves on private land by encouraging regeneration of Eucalyptus and Acacia species as well as returning the ground layer to a functionally native state. This will entail reinstating fire disturbance, reducing exotic pasture species cover and managing domesticated, feral and native herbivores.

Policies for establishing hybrid poplar plantations on private and public lands in western Canada for bioethanol feedstock: A forest-level financial analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashan Shooshtarian ◽  
Jay Anthony Anderson ◽  
Glen W. Armstrong ◽  
Martin K. Luckert
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Public Land ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Poplar Plantations

A forest-level model is developed that estimates how policies towards hybrid poplar plantations on private and public land impact harvest levels and values for producing biofuel feedstock. We simulate three policy changes: 1) permitting an increase in harvest levels on public land as a result of establishing hybrid poplar plantations on private land; 2) permitting the establishment of hybrid poplar plantations on public land; and 3) including forest carbon emission offsets in the net benefits realized by the forest operator. We are interested in whether the increase in harvest created by the policies might be enough to supply a biorefinery, and how the value of the operation changes. Our results suggest that jointly managing public and private lands under sustained yield can increase harvest by between 7% and 93%, and increase the value of the operation by between 39% and 263%. Results also suggest that hybrid poplar plantations could enable a leaseholder of one million hectares of public forestland to initiate an allowable cut effect and thereby increase harvest enough to supply a new biorefinery, in addition to its existing pulp mill. Carbon offsets further increase the value of the forest, although harvest begins to decline at high carbon prices.

A fuel treatment reduces fire severity and increases suppression efficiency in a mixed conifer forest

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason J. Moghaddas ◽  
Larry Craggs
Keyword(s):  
Fire Severity ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Fuel Treatments ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
Fuel Treatment ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Spot Fires

Fuel treatments are being implemented on public and private lands across the western United States. Although scientists and managers have an understanding of how fuel treatments can modify potential fire behaviour under modelled conditions, there is limited information on how treatments perform under real wildfire conditions in Sierran mixed conifer forests. The Bell Fire started on 22 September 2005 on the Plumas National Forest, CA. This fire burned upslope into a 1-year old, 158-ha mechanical fuel treatment on private land. Prior to coming into contact with the fuel treatment, the main fire ignited spot fires 400 feet (122 metres) into the treated area. Overall, this fuel treatment resulted in: (1) increased penetration of retardant to surface fuels; (2) improved visual contact between fire crews and the Incident Commander; (3) safe access to the main fire; and (4) quick suppression of spot fires. This treatment was relatively small and isolated from other fuel treatments but resulted in decreased severity, suppression costs and post-fire rehabilitation needs, leading to cost savings for local public and private land managers.

Cooperative bargaining to manage invasive species in jurisdictions with public and private lands

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Shyamani D. Siriwardena ◽  
Kelly M. Cobourn ◽  
Gregory S. Amacher ◽  
Robert G. Haight
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Cooperative Bargaining

MANAGING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE LAND THROUGH PARTIAL INTERESTS

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEITH WIEBE ◽  
ABEBAYEHU TEGENE ◽  
BETSEY KUHN
Keyword(s):  
Private Land ◽  
Public And Private

Financing the Market-Based Redistribution of Land to Disadvantaged Farmers and Farm Workers in South Africa: Recent Performance of the Land Reform Credit Facility

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lyne ◽  
Paul Zille ◽  
Douglas Graham
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Mortgage Loans ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Credit Facility ◽  
Flow Problems ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

This paper compares the results of public and private land redistribution in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It identifies problems that constrain access to the land market, and describes recent efforts to address the liquidity problem associated with mortgage finance. The Land Reform Credit Facility (LRCF) was launched by government in May 1999 to help alleviate cash flow problems on farms purchased by disadvantaged buyers and financed with mortgage loans from commercial banks. The LRCF does not offer subsidies. Rather it offers loans with deferred or graduated repayment schedules to reputable banks and venture capital investors who finance, on similar terms, equity-share projects and land purchased by aspiring farmers. The paper outlines the LRCF experience and considers reasons for its promising start. The loan target of R15 million (US$2.15 million) set for the first year was reached after only eight months.

scholarly journals Assessing Terrorism Threats to New Zealand: The role of the Combined Threat Assessment Group

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Threat Level ◽  
Terrorism Threat ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time ◽  
Threat Assessments

This article has been produced by the Combined Threat Assessment Group (CTAG). It provides in detail, and publicly for the first time, a genuinely informed explanation for the origins and function of CTAG. It covers the nature and challenge of threat assessment, the methodology applied as well various iterations of the threat assessments that are undertaken. This leads on to an explanation of how New Zealand’s National Terrorism Threat Level is set. Overall, this article provides an informative and well-rounded explanation of the components that comprise the National Terrorism Threat Level and makes for essential reading for wider public service, academic, and security conscious public and private institutions across the country.

A Review on Role of Macro and Micro Banking Environment on Non-Performing Assets Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 281-294
Author(s):  
Biswajit Prasad Chhatoi ◽  
Sharada Prasad Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Banks ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
And Function ◽  
Asset Creation

In a self-resilient economy, banking system assumes importance in imparting momentum to economic growth and prosperity through mobilization of financial assets. Performance of banks, irrespective of their nature and function, is germane to their asset creation and maintenance capacity. In a neo-liberal regime, radical policy changes have crept into loan mechanism, thereby subjecting the banks to efficiently recover the loans, which is a vital asset for any banking firm. In this context, the authors through intensive review of literature identified micro and macro banking factors responsible for productive NPA management. The macro banking factors refer to the economic environment whereas the micro banking factors refer to the bank and branch-specific factors. The authors identified the critical role of organizational structure, involvement of employees, and organizational efficiency in driving prudent NPA management. The authors have found that the efficiency in managing NPAs differ in public and private banks, which is attributed to involvement of employees.

scholarly journals Political economics, collective action and wicked socio-ecological problems: A practice story from the field

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa B. Adams ◽  
Theodore R. Alter ◽  
Margot W. Parkes ◽  
Michael Reid ◽  
Andrew P. Woolnough
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Political Economics ◽  
Wicked Problem ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Practical Experiences

Empowering integrative, sustainable and equitable approaches to wicked socio-ecological problems requires multiple disciplines and ways of knowing. Following calls for greater attention to political economics in this transdisciplinary work, we offer a practitioner perspective on political economy and collective action and their influences on our community engagement practice and public policy. Our perspective is grounded in a pervasive wicked problem in Australia, invasive rabbits, and the emergence of the Victorian Rabbit Action Network. The network grew out of a publically funded research project to support community-led action in rabbit management. Victorian residents and workers affected by rabbits – public and private land managers, scientists, government officers and others – were invited to engage in a participatory planning process to generate sustainable strategies to address the rabbit problem. Each stage in the process, which involved interviews, a workshop and consultations, was designed to nurture the critical enquiry, listening and learning skills of participants, advance understandings of the problem from multiple perspectives, generate collective options to guide decision-making, and encourage community-led collective action. We reflect on our understanding of these processes using the language and lens of political economics and, in particular, the context of democratic professionalism. In so doing, we define terms and refer to information resources that have enabled us to bring a practical working knowledge of political economics to our professional practice. Our intent is to motivate academics, community members, government officials, and scientists alike, to draw on their knowledge and field experiences and to share practice stories through the lens of political economics and collective action. This is an opportunity to engage each other in small ‘p’ politics of how we understand and act on wicked problems, to negotiate and connect across disciplines, practical experiences and human difference, so that people may work more creatively and effectively together to address the challenging issues of our time.  

scholarly journals Benefits of wildlife-based land uses on private lands in Namibia and limitations affecting their development

Oryx ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Lindsey ◽  
C. P. Havemann ◽  
R. M. Lines ◽  
A. E. Price ◽  
T. A. Retief ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Black Farmers ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Legislative Changes

AbstractLegislative changes during the 1960s–1970s granted user rights over wildlife to landowners in southern Africa, resulting in a shift from livestock farming to wildlife-based land uses. Few comprehensive assessments of such land uses on private land in southern Africa have been conducted and the associated benefits are not always acknowledged by politicians. Nonetheless, wildlife-based land uses are growing in prevalence on private land. In Namibia wildlife-based land use occurs over c. 287,000 km2. Employment is positively related to income from ecotourism and negatively related to income from livestock. While 87% of meat from livestock is exported ≥ 95% of venison from wildlife-based land uses remains within the country, contributing to food security. Wildlife populations are increasing with expansion of wildlife-based land uses, and private farms contain 21–33 times more wildlife than in protected areas. Because of the popularity of wildlife-based land uses among younger farmers, increasing tourist arrivals and projected impacts of climate change on livestock production, the economic output of wildlife-based land uses will probably soon exceed that of livestock. However, existing policies favour livestock production and are prejudiced against wildlife-based land uses by prohibiting reintroductions of buffalo Syncerus caffer, a key species for tourism and safari hunting, and through subsidies that artificially inflate the profitability of livestock production. Returns from wildlife-based land uses are also limited by the failure to reintroduce other charismatic species, failure to develop fully-integrated conservancies and to integrate black farmers sufficiently.

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