B-chromosome Systems in the Greater Glider (Petauroides volans volans) (Marsupialia : Petauridae). I. B-chromosome Distribution

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon R McQuade
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Diploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Distinct Distribution

Variations in diploid chromosome number, due to the presence of B chromosomes, are found within the distribution of P. v. volans. B chromosomes vary in number between one and eight per animal, are mitotically stable in various body tissues and, unlike the Y chromosome in male P. v. volans, are not eliminated from bone marrow cells. Animals possessing B chromosomes have a distinct distribution, and it appears that a stable equilibrium between the forces of B chromosome accumulation or elimination is operating in those populations possessing these chromosomes.

Loss of the Y Chromosome from Bone Marrow Cells of Males with Myeloproliferative Disorders

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 310-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. DiLeo ◽  
H. Müller ◽  
J.-P. Obrecht ◽  
B. Speck ◽  
E.M. Bühler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽  
Marrow Cells

scholarly journals Delivery of oligonucleotides to bone marrow to modulate ferrochelatase splicing in a mouse model of erythropoietic protoporphyria

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 4658-4671 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Halloy ◽  
Pavithra S Iyer ◽  
Paulina Ćwiek ◽  
Alice Ghidini ◽  
Jasmin Barman-Aksözen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Erythropoietic Protoporphyria ◽  
Aberrant Splicing ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Distinct Distribution

Abstract Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare genetic disease in which patients experience acute phototoxic reactions after sunlight exposure. It is caused by a deficiency in ferrochelatase (FECH) in the heme biosynthesis pathway. Most patients exhibit a loss-of-function mutation in trans to an allele bearing a SNP that favors aberrant splicing of transcripts. One viable strategy for EPP is to deploy splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) to increase FECH synthesis, whereby an increase of a few percent would provide therapeutic benefit. However, successful application of SSOs in bone marrow cells is not described. Here, we show that SSOs comprising methoxyethyl-chemistry increase FECH levels in cells. We conjugated one SSO to three prototypical targeting groups and administered them to a mouse model of EPP in order to study their biodistribution, their metabolic stability and their FECH splice-switching ability. The SSOs exhibited distinct distribution profiles, with increased accumulation in liver, kidney, bone marrow and lung. However, they also underwent substantial metabolism, mainly at their linker groups. An SSO bearing a cholesteryl group increased levels of correctly spliced FECH transcript by 80% in the bone marrow. The results provide a promising approach to treat EPP and other disorders originating from splicing dysregulation in the bone marrow.

scholarly journals First illustration of chromosomes and genetic system of Lecanodiaspidinae (Homoptera, Coccinea, Asterolecaniidae s.l.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya A. Gavrilov-Zimin
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Diploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Paternal Genome ◽  
Cytogenetic Data ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Time

The karyotype of Psoraleococcusmultipori (Morrison, 1921) was studied for the first time, based on material from Indonesia (Sulawesi). The diploid chromosome number was found to be 18 in both males and females, but some cells contained also additional small chromosomal elements, probably B chromosomes. About 50 % of the studied embryos demonstrated paternal genome heterochromatinization of one haploid set of chromosomes (PGH) suggesting presence of a Lecanoid genetic system. The embryos with PGH are known to be always the male embryos in scale insects and so, bisexual reproduction may be presumed for P.multipori. The information provided represents the first probative cytogenetic data for the subfamily Lecanodiaspidinae Targioni Tozzetti, 1896 as a whole. A detailed morphological figure and photos of female and male embryonic cells are given. Additionally, it was discovered that the females of P.multipori exhibit complete ovoviviparity.

scholarly journals Origin of leukemic relapse after bone marrow transplantation: comparison of cytogenetic and molecular analyses

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 2033-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Stein ◽  
PA Zimmerman ◽  
M Kochera ◽  
S Strandjord ◽  
W Golden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Recipient Cell ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Donor Cell ◽  
Leukemic Cell ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Leukemic Relapse

Abstract Leukemic relapse following bone marrow transplant (BMT) is generally due to the recurrence in recipient cells, but may rarely occur as a result of donor cell transformation. Donor cell relapse is generally identified using cytogenetic markers such as the sex chromosomes. Recently, molecular techniques have been used to identify the origin of bone marrow cells by their DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms. We describe the case of a male pediatric patient who had a leukemic relapse 30 months following BMT from his sister. Both cytogenetic and molecular techniques were used to identify the origin of the leukemic relapse. Cytogenetic analyses indicated the absence of the Y chromosome and the presence of a donor cell type 9qh polymorphism, suggesting a donor cell relapse. Molecular analyses also indicated the absence of the Y chromosome but demonstrated the recurrence of recipient DNA markers from three other chromosomes, suggesting a recipient cell relapse. While the leukemic cell lineage cannot be definitively assigned in this case, our results suggest that caution must be exercised when assigning leukemic cell lineage following post-BMT relapse.

Study of migration and distribution of bone marrow cells transplanted animals with B16 melanoma

2017 ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
А.Ф. Повещенко ◽  
А.О. Соловьева ◽  
К.Э. Зубарева ◽  
Д.Н. Стрункин ◽  
О.Б. Грицык ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
B16 Melanoma ◽  
Light Cycler ◽  
Migration Of Cells ◽  
Marrow Cells

Цель - выявление особенностей миграции и распределения сингенных клеток костного мозга (ККМ) и его субпопуляции (МСК) после их трансплантации в органах реципиента-носителя меланомы В16. Методика. В работе использовались мыши самцы и самки линии С57Вl/6. Индукция опухолевого роста: имплантировали клетки меланомы В16 подкожно в заднюю правую лапу самок мышей С57Bl/6 в дозе 2,5 х 10 клеток/мышь. Изучение миграции и распределения in vivo ККМ и МСК осуществляли при помощи генетического маркера - специфической последовательности Y-хромосомы самцов линии С57Bl/6 при сингенной внутривенной трансплантации самкам с использованием полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) в реальном времени на Authorized Termal Cycler - Light Cycler 480 II/96 (Roche). Введение суспензии неразделенных клеток костного мозга, мезенхимальных стволовых клеток от самцов-доноров мышам-реципиентам (сингенным реципиентам самкам С57Вl/6) с последующим выделением органов реципиентов проводилось через определенные временные интервалы, затем из органов реципиентов выделяли ДНК. Результаты. Показано, что клетки костного мозга, позитивные по Y-хромосоме, мигрируют как в лимфоидные (лимфатические узлы, селезенку, костный мозг), так и в нелимфоидные органы (печень, сердце, головной мозг, кожу) сингенных реципиентов. Помимо миграции клеток из костного мозга в другие органы, существует и обратный путь миграции клеток из кровотока в костный мозг. Развитие у интактных мышей линии С57Вl/6 меланомы В16 стимулирует процессы миграции трансплантированных ККМ и МСК в костный мозг. Установлено, что при опухолевом росте усилена миграция трансплантированных клеток костного мозга, в том числе и популяции МСК, в костный мозг. На ранней стадии формирования опухоли миграционная активность МСК в опухоль выше по сравнению с неразделенной фракцией костного мозга. На поздних стадиях формирования опухоли неразделенная популяция клеток костного мозга интенсивнее мигрирует в опухоль по сравнению с популяцией МСК. Заключение. Обсуждается возможность использования МСК костного мозга для таргетной терапии опухолевых заболеваний, так как миграция МСК в опухолевую ткань может быть использована для эффективной доставки противоопухолевых препаратов. Purpose. Reveal features migration and distribution of syngeneic bone marrow cells (BMC) and subpopulations (MSC) after transplantation into the recipient carrier B16 melanoma bodies. Methods. We used mouse male and female C57BL/6 mice. Induction of Tumor Growth: B16 melanoma cells implanted subcutaneously into right hind paw of female C57BL/6 mice at a dose of 2.5 x 105 cells / mouse. migration study in vivo distribution and BMC and MSC was performed using genetic markers - Y-chromosome specific sequence line male C57Bl/6 syngeneic intravenous transplantation in females using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real time on Authorized Termal Cycler - Light Cycler 480 II / 96 (Roche). Introduction suspension of unseparated bone marrow cells, mesenchymal stem cells from donor to recipient male mice (syngeneic recipient female C57BL/6), followed by isolation of recipients of organs was performed at regular intervals, then of organ recipients isolated DNA. Results. It was shown that bone marrow cells positive for Y-chromosome in migrate lymphoid (lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow) or in non-lymphoid organs (liver, heart, brain, skin) syngeneic recipients. In addition to the migration of cells from the bone marrow to other organs, there is a way back migration of cells from the circulation to the bone marrow. B16 melanoma stimulates the migration of transplanted MSCs and BMC in bone marrow. It is found that tumor growth enhanced migration of transplanted bone marrow cells, including populations of MSCs in the bone marrow. In the early stages of tumor formation MSC migration activity higher than the BMC. In the later stages of tumor formation undivided population of bone marrow cells migrate to the intense swelling compared with a population of MSCs. Conclusion. The possibility of using bone marrow MSCs for targeted therapy of tumor diseases, because migration of MSCs in tumor tissue can be used to effectively deliver anticancer drugs.

Chromosome Studies in Preleukemia

Blood ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANET D. ROWLEY ◽  
RICHARD K. BLAISDELL ◽  
LEON O. JACOBSON ◽  
Judith Mikuta ◽  
Rachel Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Aplastic Anemia ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽  
Hematologic Disorders ◽  
Group Chromosome ◽  
Marrow Cells

Abstract Three patients with different obscure hematologic disorders are presented. All 3 patients had abnormalities of chromosome number confined to marrow cells. Case 1 is a 23-year-old man with aplastic anemia; most of his bone marrow cells contained 45 chromosomes, with one missing from group C. Case 2 is a 62-year-old man who died of idiopathic sideroachrestic anemia; most of his bone marrow cells contained 47 chromosomes with an extra C group chromosome which appeared to be an autosome. Case 3 is a 59-year-old woman with idiopathic thrombocythemia; while the majority of her bone marrow cells contained 46 chromosomes, a stable minority cell line had 48 chromosomes. Although many of the reported patients with myelodysplastic-myeloproliferative disorders have normal chromosomes, 5 cases with some chromosomal aberration, previously reported by others, are summarized. None of these patients had clinical evidence of leukemia. In 4 of the patients, the chromosomal anomaly involved a chromosome in group C, which is the group in which aneuploidy occurred in all 3 of our patients. It is postulated that a stable, aneuploid stem line does not of itself produce neoplasia, but rather that this alteration of the genome may provide a more favorable milieu for the action of some transforming agent. Because of the frequent occurrence of C group abnormalities in these cases of marrow disorders, it is further postulated that genes on one or more C chromosomes might be responsible for homeostatic control of hemopoiesis, and that a change in genetic balance involving a C group chromosome(s) coupled with a transforming agent might result in leukemia in a greater proportion of individuals than aneuploidy of some other chromosomal group.

scholarly journals In situ detection of individual transplanted bone marrow cells using FISH on sections of paraffin-embedded whole murine femurs.

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1069-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Nilsson ◽  
R Hulspas ◽  
H U Weier ◽  
P J Quesenberry
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Hemopoietic Cells ◽  
Depth Analysis

Studies of transplantation biology rely on the detection of donor hemopoietic cells in transplant recipients. Traditionally this has been achieved through ex vivo techniques, including flow cytometric analysis of cell surface markers to detect cells expressing specific epitopes, histochemical detection of cytoplasmic proteins, and the detection of Y chromosome-specific sequences by DNA hybridization. Studies using congenic models, such as the Ly5.1/5.2 mouse, or the utilization of fluorescent dyes, such as PKH-26, have allowed more in-depth analysis of transplantation, beginning to address key issues such as cell homing through cell tracking and elucidation of the "stem cell niche." However, these methods are limited by labeling sensitivity, specificity, crossreactivity and, in the case of PKH-26 labeling, the number of cell divisions the transplanted cells can make before the signal disappears. We have developed a fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique that utilizes a murine Y chromosome-specific "painting" probe to identify in situ individual transplanted male cells in paraffin-embedded sections of female whole bone marrow while maintaining good morphological integrity. This method is highly sensitive and specific, labeling more than 99% of male cells and no female cells, allowing each transplant to be assessed at the individual cell level. The technique provides unique opportunities to follow the path taken by transplanted cells, both during homing into the marrow and through their maturation and differentiation into mature, functional hemopoietic cells.

INDUCTION OF ANEUPLOIDY IN MOUSE BONE MARROW CELLS WITH DIETHYLSTILBESTROL-DIPHOSPHATE

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Chrisman ◽  
L. L. Hinkle
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow Cells

Bone marrow was collected from adult male mice derived from four way crosses between inbred strains. Sixty males were included in an experiment in which treatment animals were given a single injection of 1, 10, or 100 μg/g diethylstilbestrol-diphosphate (DES-dp) and killed 6, 24, or 48 h post injection. An additional 20 males were given one injection of the drug daily for 5 days and killed 6 h after the last injection. Chromosome number determinations from 25 metaphase plates of 60 treatment animals were compared with counts from 20 controls. Analysis of the data revealed that dose and duration of exposure to DES-dp were both influential in producing aneuploid cells.

scholarly journals First Report on Karyotypic, Morphometric and Meiotic Analysis of a Predatory Bombardier Beetle Pherosophus catoirai (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Jammu region of Outer Himalayas, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-822
Author(s):  
Arshad Ayoub Bhatti ◽  
Nidhi Slathia ◽  
Manvi K
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Diploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Y ◽  
First Report ◽  
Metaphase Stage ◽  
Spermatogonial Metaphase

Chromosomal studies and manual karyotyping are the aged techniques for determining the identity of a species on evolutionary scale; however, these techniques are simple, reliable and inexpensive to authenticate the existence of a particular species. In the present work, the chromosome complement and meiotic processes of a predatory bombardier beetle Pherosophus catoirai were investigated. This species presented 2n=35 as diploid chromosome number and the chromosomal formula was found to be 12m+8sm+12st+X0. Sex mechanism was X0 type with metacentric X chromosome. Y chromosome was absent in this species. Karyotype revealed small chromosomes except X chromosome which is found to be largest in the spermatogonial metaphase stage. Meiotic stages were pachytene, diplotene, diakinesis and metaphase-I. Present study may find importance to analyse evolution of chromosomes in order Coleoptera particularly in family Carabidae.

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