scholarly journals Sex-chromosome Mosaicism in the Lemur-like Possum Hemibelideus lemuroides (Marsupialia: Petauridae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM McKay ◽  
LR McQuade ◽  
JD Murray ◽  
SR von Sturmer
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Regular System ◽  
Somatic Tissue ◽  
Fibroblast Cells ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Mosaicism ◽  
Males And Females

A regular system of sex chromosome mosaicism in a somatic tissue is reported in H. lemuroides. Spermatogonial mitosis and cultured fibroblast cells are 2n = 20, while most bone marrow cells from both males and females are 2n = 19. In males the Y chromosome is lost and in females one of the X chromosomes.

scholarly journals A second X chromosome contributes to resilience in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (558) ◽  
pp. eaaz5677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. Davis ◽  
Lauren Broestl ◽  
Samira Abdulai-Saiku ◽  
Kurtresha Worden ◽  
Luke W. Bonham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Preclinical Ad ◽  
Brain Expression

A major sex difference in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is that men with the disease die earlier than do women. In aging and preclinical AD, men also show more cognitive deficits. Here, we show that the X chromosome affects AD-related vulnerability in mice expressing the human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP), a model of AD. XY-hAPP mice genetically modified to develop testicles or ovaries showed worse mortality and deficits than did XX-hAPP mice with either gonad, indicating a sex chromosome effect. To dissect whether the absence of a second X chromosome or the presence of a Y chromosome conferred a disadvantage on male mice, we varied sex chromosome dosage. With or without a Y chromosome, hAPP mice with one X chromosome showed worse mortality and deficits than did those with two X chromosomes. Thus, adding a second X chromosome conferred resilience to XY males and XO females. In addition, the Y chromosome, its sex-determining region Y gene (Sry), or testicular development modified mortality in hAPP mice with one X chromosome such that XY males with testicles survived longer than did XY or XO females with ovaries. Furthermore, a second X chromosome conferred resilience potentially through the candidate gene Kdm6a, which does not undergo X-linked inactivation. In humans, genetic variation in KDM6A was linked to higher brain expression and associated with less cognitive decline in aging and preclinical AD, suggesting its relevance to human brain health. Our study suggests a potential role for sex chromosomes in modulating disease vulnerability related to AD.

B-chromosome Systems in the Greater Glider (Petauroides volans volans) (Marsupialia : Petauridae). I. B-chromosome Distribution

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon R McQuade
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Diploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Distinct Distribution

Variations in diploid chromosome number, due to the presence of B chromosomes, are found within the distribution of P. v. volans. B chromosomes vary in number between one and eight per animal, are mitotically stable in various body tissues and, unlike the Y chromosome in male P. v. volans, are not eliminated from bone marrow cells. Animals possessing B chromosomes have a distinct distribution, and it appears that a stable equilibrium between the forces of B chromosome accumulation or elimination is operating in those populations possessing these chromosomes.

Loss of the Y Chromosome from Bone Marrow Cells of Males with Myeloproliferative Disorders

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 310-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. DiLeo ◽  
H. Müller ◽  
J.-P. Obrecht ◽  
B. Speck ◽  
E.M. Bühler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽  
Marrow Cells

scholarly journals Long-term monoclonal reconstitution of erythropoiesis in genetically anemic W/Wv mice by injection of 5-fluorouracil-treated bone marrow cells of Pgk-1b/Pgk-1a mice

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1758-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Nakano ◽  
N Waki ◽  
H Asai ◽  
Y Kitamura
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Marrow Cells

Abstract The spleen colony-forming assay does not represent the number of hematopoietic stem cells with extensive self-maintaining capacity because five to 50 spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) are necessary to rescue a genetically anemic (WB X C57BL/6)F1-W/Wv(WBB6F1-W/Wv) mouse. We investigated which is more important for the reconstitution of erythropoiesis, the transplantation of multiple CFU-S or that of a single stem cell with extensive self-maintaining potential. The electrophoretic pattern of hemoglobin was used as a marker of reconstitution and that of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), an X chromosome-linked enzyme, as a tool for estimating the number of stem cells. For this purpose, we developed the C57BL/6 congeneic strain with the Pgk-1a gene. Bone marrow cells were harvested after injection of 5- fluorouracil from C57BL/6-Pgk-1b/Pgk-1a female mice in which each stem cell had either A-type PGK or B-type PGK due to the random inactivation of one or two X chromosomes. When a relatively small number of bone marrow cells (ie, 10(3) or 3 X 10(3] were injected into 200-rad- irradiated WBB6F1-W/Wv mice, the hemoglobin pattern changed from the recipient type (Hbbd/Hbbs) to the donor type (Hbbs/Hbbs) in seven of 150 mice for at least 8 weeks. Erythrocytes of all these WBB6F1-W/Wv mice showed either A-type PGK alone or B-type PGK alone during the time of reconstitution, which suggests that a single stem cell with extensive self-maintaining potential may sustain the whole erythropoiesis of a mouse for at least 8 weeks.

Marsupial Cytogenetics

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Hayman
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Repeated Dna ◽  
Chromosome X ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Repeated Dna Sequences ◽  
Chromosome Mosaicism

This review includes a list of the chromosome numbers of marsupials and a summary of the main features of chromosome evolution in this group of mammals. Special topics discussed include sex chromosome mosaicism, the size of the marsupial X chromosome, X chromosomes and nucleolar organisers, complex sex chromosome systems, repeated DNA sequences and aspects of meiosis.

Root Lengths in 47,XYY Males’ Permanent Teeth

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 771-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lähdesmäki ◽  
L. Alvesalo
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Permanent Tooth ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Tooth Crown ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Tooth Roots ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Males And Females

Studies on individuals with sex chromosome anomalies have demonstrated the promoting effect of the Y chromosome on tooth crown enamel and dentin growth. The present research investigated permanent tooth root lengths in 47,XYY males. The measurements were made from panoramic radiographs. The results indicate longer tooth roots in 47,XYY males compared with those in control males and females. The promoting effect of the Y chromosome on dental growth thus continues in the form of root dentin after the completion of crown growth. The results, together with those on tooth crown sizes in 47,XYY males, suggest that growth excesses are evident and final, beginning a few months after birth and continuing up to the age of 14 years, at least. The excess root dentin growth in 47,XYY males, as well as sexual dimorphism in the growth of crown and root dentin, might be caused by the same factor on the Y chromosome.

scholarly journals Origin of leukemic relapse after bone marrow transplantation: comparison of cytogenetic and molecular analyses

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 2033-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Stein ◽  
PA Zimmerman ◽  
M Kochera ◽  
S Strandjord ◽  
W Golden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Recipient Cell ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Donor Cell ◽  
Leukemic Cell ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Leukemic Relapse

Abstract Leukemic relapse following bone marrow transplant (BMT) is generally due to the recurrence in recipient cells, but may rarely occur as a result of donor cell transformation. Donor cell relapse is generally identified using cytogenetic markers such as the sex chromosomes. Recently, molecular techniques have been used to identify the origin of bone marrow cells by their DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms. We describe the case of a male pediatric patient who had a leukemic relapse 30 months following BMT from his sister. Both cytogenetic and molecular techniques were used to identify the origin of the leukemic relapse. Cytogenetic analyses indicated the absence of the Y chromosome and the presence of a donor cell type 9qh polymorphism, suggesting a donor cell relapse. Molecular analyses also indicated the absence of the Y chromosome but demonstrated the recurrence of recipient DNA markers from three other chromosomes, suggesting a recipient cell relapse. While the leukemic cell lineage cannot be definitively assigned in this case, our results suggest that caution must be exercised when assigning leukemic cell lineage following post-BMT relapse.

Study of migration and distribution of bone marrow cells transplanted animals with B16 melanoma

2017 ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
А.Ф. Повещенко ◽  
А.О. Соловьева ◽  
К.Э. Зубарева ◽  
Д.Н. Стрункин ◽  
О.Б. Грицык ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
B16 Melanoma ◽  
Light Cycler ◽  
Migration Of Cells ◽  
Marrow Cells

Цель - выявление особенностей миграции и распределения сингенных клеток костного мозга (ККМ) и его субпопуляции (МСК) после их трансплантации в органах реципиента-носителя меланомы В16. Методика. В работе использовались мыши самцы и самки линии С57Вl/6. Индукция опухолевого роста: имплантировали клетки меланомы В16 подкожно в заднюю правую лапу самок мышей С57Bl/6 в дозе 2,5 х 10 клеток/мышь. Изучение миграции и распределения in vivo ККМ и МСК осуществляли при помощи генетического маркера - специфической последовательности Y-хромосомы самцов линии С57Bl/6 при сингенной внутривенной трансплантации самкам с использованием полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) в реальном времени на Authorized Termal Cycler - Light Cycler 480 II/96 (Roche). Введение суспензии неразделенных клеток костного мозга, мезенхимальных стволовых клеток от самцов-доноров мышам-реципиентам (сингенным реципиентам самкам С57Вl/6) с последующим выделением органов реципиентов проводилось через определенные временные интервалы, затем из органов реципиентов выделяли ДНК. Результаты. Показано, что клетки костного мозга, позитивные по Y-хромосоме, мигрируют как в лимфоидные (лимфатические узлы, селезенку, костный мозг), так и в нелимфоидные органы (печень, сердце, головной мозг, кожу) сингенных реципиентов. Помимо миграции клеток из костного мозга в другие органы, существует и обратный путь миграции клеток из кровотока в костный мозг. Развитие у интактных мышей линии С57Вl/6 меланомы В16 стимулирует процессы миграции трансплантированных ККМ и МСК в костный мозг. Установлено, что при опухолевом росте усилена миграция трансплантированных клеток костного мозга, в том числе и популяции МСК, в костный мозг. На ранней стадии формирования опухоли миграционная активность МСК в опухоль выше по сравнению с неразделенной фракцией костного мозга. На поздних стадиях формирования опухоли неразделенная популяция клеток костного мозга интенсивнее мигрирует в опухоль по сравнению с популяцией МСК. Заключение. Обсуждается возможность использования МСК костного мозга для таргетной терапии опухолевых заболеваний, так как миграция МСК в опухолевую ткань может быть использована для эффективной доставки противоопухолевых препаратов. Purpose. Reveal features migration and distribution of syngeneic bone marrow cells (BMC) and subpopulations (MSC) after transplantation into the recipient carrier B16 melanoma bodies. Methods. We used mouse male and female C57BL/6 mice. Induction of Tumor Growth: B16 melanoma cells implanted subcutaneously into right hind paw of female C57BL/6 mice at a dose of 2.5 x 105 cells / mouse. migration study in vivo distribution and BMC and MSC was performed using genetic markers - Y-chromosome specific sequence line male C57Bl/6 syngeneic intravenous transplantation in females using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real time on Authorized Termal Cycler - Light Cycler 480 II / 96 (Roche). Introduction suspension of unseparated bone marrow cells, mesenchymal stem cells from donor to recipient male mice (syngeneic recipient female C57BL/6), followed by isolation of recipients of organs was performed at regular intervals, then of organ recipients isolated DNA. Results. It was shown that bone marrow cells positive for Y-chromosome in migrate lymphoid (lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow) or in non-lymphoid organs (liver, heart, brain, skin) syngeneic recipients. In addition to the migration of cells from the bone marrow to other organs, there is a way back migration of cells from the circulation to the bone marrow. B16 melanoma stimulates the migration of transplanted MSCs and BMC in bone marrow. It is found that tumor growth enhanced migration of transplanted bone marrow cells, including populations of MSCs in the bone marrow. In the early stages of tumor formation MSC migration activity higher than the BMC. In the later stages of tumor formation undivided population of bone marrow cells migrate to the intense swelling compared with a population of MSCs. Conclusion. The possibility of using bone marrow MSCs for targeted therapy of tumor diseases, because migration of MSCs in tumor tissue can be used to effectively deliver anticancer drugs.

scholarly journals In situ detection of individual transplanted bone marrow cells using FISH on sections of paraffin-embedded whole murine femurs.

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1069-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Nilsson ◽  
R Hulspas ◽  
H U Weier ◽  
P J Quesenberry
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Hemopoietic Cells ◽  
Depth Analysis

Studies of transplantation biology rely on the detection of donor hemopoietic cells in transplant recipients. Traditionally this has been achieved through ex vivo techniques, including flow cytometric analysis of cell surface markers to detect cells expressing specific epitopes, histochemical detection of cytoplasmic proteins, and the detection of Y chromosome-specific sequences by DNA hybridization. Studies using congenic models, such as the Ly5.1/5.2 mouse, or the utilization of fluorescent dyes, such as PKH-26, have allowed more in-depth analysis of transplantation, beginning to address key issues such as cell homing through cell tracking and elucidation of the "stem cell niche." However, these methods are limited by labeling sensitivity, specificity, crossreactivity and, in the case of PKH-26 labeling, the number of cell divisions the transplanted cells can make before the signal disappears. We have developed a fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique that utilizes a murine Y chromosome-specific "painting" probe to identify in situ individual transplanted male cells in paraffin-embedded sections of female whole bone marrow while maintaining good morphological integrity. This method is highly sensitive and specific, labeling more than 99% of male cells and no female cells, allowing each transplant to be assessed at the individual cell level. The technique provides unique opportunities to follow the path taken by transplanted cells, both during homing into the marrow and through their maturation and differentiation into mature, functional hemopoietic cells.

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