scholarly journals Transfer of Sulphur to the Digestive Tract of Sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Kennedy ◽  
JP Hogan ◽  
JR Lindsay ◽  
RM Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Small And Large Intestine ◽  
Made In

The transfer of sulphate from plasma to digestive tract and from digestive tract to plasma in crossbred sheep was estimated by the use of isotope dilution techniques with Na235S04. The passage of 35S along the digestive tract was simultaneously measured by reference to two inert radioactive markers infused intraruminally. In the first experiment, three sheep given a roughage-based diet containing 174� 7 mg S/day received an intravenous infusion of Na23SS04 for 7 days before collections were made of plasma and of digesta from the rumen, abomasum and terminal ileum. Similar collections were made in the second experiment in which four sheep received intrahuninal infusions of Na23SS04. From estimates of infusion rate of 35S, specific radioactivity of 3SS in plasma and digesta and rate of flow of sulphur in the digestive tract the following calculations were made: The transfer of sulphate from the plasma to the rumen was calculated as 29 mg S/day. Of this only 12 mg S/day passed as organic sulphur in digesta from the stomach. As the net gain of sulphur in the stomach in this experiment was 153 mg/day, sulphate transferred from the plasma contributed only a small amount of sulphur derived from endogenous sources in the stomach. In contrast, the substantial passage of 35S into the intestinal lumen during intravenous infusion of 35S04 suggested that 38 and 41 mg S/day of the 236 and 145 mg organic S/day flowing from the small and large intestine respectively was derived from plasma sulphate, corresponding to about 26 % of the dose.

Description of the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs of the kultarr (Antechinomys laniger)

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley J. Stannard ◽  
Julie M. Old
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Microscopic Description ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
New Information ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

This paper provides a macro- and microscopic description of the digestive tract of the kultarr (Antechinomys laniger), a small dasyurid marsupial. The digestive tract was simple, with no external differentiation between the small and large intestine, and lacked a caecum. Mean gross length of the kultarr digestive tract was 165.2 ± 32.1 mm. Microscopically, the tissues had cell types similar to those of other mammals. The new information will aid future post-mortem investigations of captive kultarrs and future studies of nutrition.

EFFECTS OF MOLYBDENUM AND SULFUR ON MINERALS IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF STEERS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. GOLFMAN ◽  
R. J. BOILA
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Slight Tendency ◽  
Design Effects

Four Holstein steers with cannulae in the rumen, proximal duodenum (PD) and terminal ileum (TI) were fed diets containing: (1) no added Mo or S; (2) Mo added at 10 mg kg−1; (3) S added at 3.0 g kg−1; and (4) Mo and S added at 10 mg and 3.0 g kg−1, respectively, in a Latin square design. Effects of Mo and S on minerals in the digestive tract of steers were evaluated. The solubility of Cu was lower with Mo (P < 0.01) and S (P < 0.01) at the PD and TI, and with Mo plus S (P < 0.05) at the TI. With Mo more (P = 0.07) Cu tended to be excreted in feces. Effects of Mo: Mn, reduced (P < 0.05) input to stomach region and higher (P < 0.01) absorption distal to PD; Zn, lower (P < 0.01) solubility at TI with less (P < 0.05) absorbed from large intestine (LI); Fe, more (P = 0.06) absorbed from LI with lower (P < 0.01) fecal excretion; P, lower (P < 0.05) input to stomach region with a tendency for less (P = 0.08) absorbed from small intestine (SI); Na, less (P < 0.05) absorbed from LI; K, lower (P < 0.05) apparent digestibility. Effects of S: Mn, slight tendency for higher (P = 0.10) absorption distal to PD; Zn, lower (P < 0.05) solubility at PD; P, less (P < 0.05) absorbed from SI and LI; Mg, tendency for less (P = 0.07) absorbed from stomach region and trend for more (P = 0.08) absorbed distal to PD. Minerals other than Cu were influenced by Mo and S in the digestive tract of cattle. Key words: Cattle, molybdenum, sulfur, digestion, minerals

scholarly journals ANTIULCEROGENIC EFFECT OF CRYOPRESERVED PLACENTA EXTRACT AND THE EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURES ON THE DIGESTIVE TRACT INJURED BY DICLOFENAC SODIUM IN THE EXPERIMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fedir. V. Hladkykh ◽  
Mykola O. Chyzh
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Ulcerogenic Effect ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

Today, the ulcerogenic effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is a key factor that significantly limits their clinical use and is a serious medical and social problem, as these drugs are among the most commonly used drugs – they are used annually by about 5­–7% of the world's population. The aim is to characterize the antiulcerogenic effect of cryopreserved placenta extract and its application against the background of low temperatures in the model of diclofenac sodium-induced ulcerogenesis in rats according to macroscopic studies of the proximal and distal digestive tract. The study was performed on 42 male rats weighing 200–220 g. Acute diclofenac sodium-induced gastrointestinal damage was replicated by a single intragastric administration of diclofenac sodium to rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Euthanasia of animals was performed after 24 hours. The condition of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract was assessed on a scale and calculated integrated indicators – ulcer index and antiulcer activity. Cryocell-cryoextract of placenta was administered to rats intramuscularly at a dose of 0.16 ml/kg body weight. Cryoirrigation was performed once by local injection of liquid nitrogen vapor (temperature – 120˚C) for 10 s. It was found that diclofenac sodium at a dose of 50 mg/kg led to erosive-ulcerative damage to the gastric mucosa in 100% of rats, and the ulcer index was 3.9. The most pronounced leveling of the ulcerogenic effect of diclofenac sodium was observed against the combined preventive use of placental cryoextract and low temperature effect – the ulcer index was 12.6 times lower than that of rats with diclofenac sodium-induced ulcerogenesis without correction. Macroscopic evaluation of the distal gastrointestinal tract showed that the introduction of diclofenac sodium led to a statistically significant (p < 0.05) lesion of the mucous membrane of the small and large intestine in 42.9% of rats. According to the magnitude of antiulcer effect (%) in the model of diclofenac sodium-induced ulcerogenesis, the investigated prophylactic approaches for antiulcer activity have the following priority: action of low temperatures + cryoextract of placenta (96.7%) > cryoextract of placenta (92.1%) ~ esomeprazole (88.2%) > action of low temperatures (72.1%). No lesions of both the small and large intestine on the background of the introduction of placental cryoextract in the model of diclofenac sodium-associated ulcerogenesis were detected.

scholarly journals 7. Effect of Soya Wastes Probiotic and Palm Kernel Addition Fermented by Aspergillus niger to the Cellulase Activity in Broilers Digestive Tract

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Nurliana Nurliana ◽  
Anna Farida ◽  
Sugito Sugito ◽  
Al Azhar ◽  
Razali Razali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

This study aimed to determine the cellulase activity in broilers digestive tract after the treatment of soya wastes and palm kernel fermented by A.niger (AKBIS Prob) in the ration. This study used a complete randomized factorial design, which consists of two factors, namely the AKBIS Prob composition factor and the duration of AKBIS Prob. Twenty four broilers were divided into four groups by randomized and three replications of each. The feed supplement combinations were P0 (commercial), P1 (commercial and AKBIS Prob 2%), P2 (commercial and AKBIS Prob 4%), and P3 (commercial and AKBIS Prob 6%). The intestine preparation was taken at the 22 and 36 days to extraction and detection the cellulase activity concentration. Data were analyzed using variance analysis of factorial patterns. AKBIS Prob 2,4 and 6% was no effect (P 0.05) to the cellulase activity in the small and large intestine, while the treatment duration was significant (P0,05) in the small intestine but neither in the large intestine (P0,05) to the cellulase activity. The addition of AKBIS Prob 2.4 and 6% had no effect (P 0.05) on the concentration of cellulase activity in the small intestine and large intestine, while the duration the treatment was very significant (P 0.05) in the small intestine and neither in the large intestine (P 0.05) on the concentration of cellulase activity. The AKBIS administration in the ration for 22 days can increase the activity and concentration of cellulase activity in the small intestine of the digestive tract of broiler chickens.

Chlamydia spreads to the large intestine lumen via multiple pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengzi Zhou ◽  
Qi Tian ◽  
Luying Wang ◽  
Min Xue ◽  
Dabao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Blood Circulation System ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Intravenous Inoculation ◽  
Careful Comparison ◽  
Made In

Chlamydia in the genital tract is known to spread via the blood circulation system to the large intestinal lumen to achieve long-lasting colonization. However, the precise pathways for genital Chlamydia to access to the large intestinal lumen remain unclear. The spleen was recently reported to be critical for the chlamydial spreading. In the current study, it was found that following intravaginal inoculation with Chlamydia , mice with or without splenectomy both produced infectious Chlamydia in the rectal swabs, indicating that spleen is not essential for genital Chlamydia to spread to the gastrointestinal tract. This conclusion was validated by the observation that intravenously inoculated Chlamydia was also detected in the rectal swabs of mice regardless of splenectomy. Careful comparison of the tissue distribution of live chlamydial organisms following intravenous inoculation revealed redundant pathways for Chlamydia to reach the large intestine lumen. The intravenously inoculated Chlamydia was predominantly recruited to the spleen within 12h and then detected in the stomach lumen by 24h, the intestinal lumen by 48h and rectal swabs by 72h. These observations suggest a potential spleen-to-stomach pathway for hematogenous Chlamydia to reach the large intestine lumen. This conclusion was supported by the observation made in mice under coprophagy-free condition. However, in the absence of spleen, hematogenous Chlamydia was predominantly recruited to the liver and then simultaneously detected in the intestinal tissue and lumen, suggesting a potential liver-to-intestine pathway for Chlamydia to reach the large intestine lumen. Thus, genital/hematogenous Chlamydia may reach the large intestinal lumen via multiple redundant pathways.

scholarly journals Subchronic Exposure to a Glyphosate-Based Herbicide Causes Dysplasia in the Digestive Tract of Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda de Maria Serra ◽  
José Luiz Santos Parizi ◽  
Gisele Aparecida Sales Mello ◽  
Grace Mitiko Rosati Hori Sato ◽  
Isabela Bocardi Patrão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The World ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

Abstract Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are the most widely used herbicide for treatment of crops in the world. The digestive tract is one of the first systems exposed to pesticides, and damage to this system can affect the general health of individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of subchronic inhalation and oral exposure to GBH on the digestive tract in rats. Six groups of Wistar rats (male and female) were exposed to nebulization with three concentrations of GBH [3.71 x 10− 3 grams of active ingredient per hectare (g.a.i./ha), 6.19 x 10− 3 g.a.i./ha, and 9.28 x 10− 3 g.a.i./ha] administered orally or by inhalation for 75 days. Bone marrow cells, smears of the tongue and fragments of the tongue, oesophagus, stomach and intestine were collected for histopathological analysis. Congestion, inflammation, an increase in the number of mast cells and nucleoli-organizing regions were detected in the tongue in the groups exposed to GBH. Females had a higher number of mast cells in the tongue than males. Animals in the groups exposed to higher concentrations of GBH showed dysplasia in the oesophagus and small and large intestine regardless of sex. Gastric changes were not observed. Animals exposed to GBH showed increased micronucleus formation. Our data indicate that GBH causes oral allergies and dysplastic lesions in the oesophagus and small and large intestine and has genotoxic potential.

scholarly journals Estimation of tissue protein synthesis in sheep during sustained elevation of plasma leucine concentration by intravenous infusion

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Schaefer ◽  
S. R. Davis ◽  
G. A. Hughson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Precursor Pool ◽  
Fractional Rate ◽  
Tissue Protein Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Leucine

1. The fractional rate of protein synthesis (FSR) was determined in skeletal muscle, liver, rumen and cardiac muscle of wether sheep by continuous intravenous infusion of L–[4,5–3H]leucine accompanied by infusion of 0, 7.6, 15.2 or 22.8 mmol leucine/h (three sheep per treatment). FSR was calculated assuming plasma (ksp) or intracellular (ksi) leucine-specific radioactivity (SRA) was representative of the leucine precursor pool SRA for protein synthesis.2. Plasma leucine concentration (plateau) was linearly related to leucine infusion rate, 22.8 mmol/h evoking tenfold increase in plasma concentration.3. Difference between plasma leucine SRA and intracellular leucine SRA in all tissues diminished as plasma leucine concentration increased.4. There were significant differences between ksi and kap estimates for liver and rumen in control sheep.5. As leucine infusion rate increased, differences between kri and kag, diminished in all tissues. With increasing leucine infusion, in liver kst decreased and ksp was increased, in rumen kge decreased and ksp was stable, while in cardiac and skeletal muscle ksi and ksp both increased.6. At a leucine infusion rate of 22.8 mmol/h, mean kap, and kst respectively were: rumen 1 1 (SE 2), 13 (SE 1); liver 19 (SE 2), 21 (SE 2); cardiac muscle 3–6 (SE 0.4), 3.8 (SE 0.3); skeletal muscle 4.1 (SE 0.2), 4.5 (SE 0.5) and did not differ significantly in any tissue.

scholarly journals Studies on the flow of zinc, cobalt, copper and manganese along the digestive tract of sheep given fresh perennial ryegrass, or white or red clover

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Proximal Duodenum ◽  
Cobalt Copper

1. Sheep fitted with a rumen fistula and either a re-entrant cannula at the proximal duodenum or a re-entrant cannula at the terminal ileum were given twice daily 480–520 g dry matter as fresh perennial ryegrass, or white or red clover. Flows of digesta were corrected to 100% recovery of chromic oxide.2. The quantities (g/24 h) of zinc and cobalt leaving the stomach were significantly greater than those in the food. No significant change was found in the quantities of copper and manganese. Significantly smaller quantities of Co (all three diets) and Zn (all diets except red clover) left the small intestine than those which entered this region. No significant differences in the quantities of Cu and Mn entering and leaving the small intestine were found. Significantly smaller quantities of Zn, Co, Cu and Mn were excreted in the faeces than entered the large intestine.3. From the flow results it was determined that there was a significant net secretion of Zn and Co in the stomach, and a significant net absorption of Zn (except with the red-clover diet) and Co from the small intestine, and of Zn, Co, Cu and Mn from the large intestine.

scholarly journals Gross and histological studies of digestive tract of broilers during postnatal growth and development

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Nasrin ◽  
M N H Siddiqi ◽  
M A Masum ◽  
M A Wares
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

We studied anatomy and histology of different segments of the digestive tract in postnatal growing broiler chickens  with regard to their location, shape, size and weight. A group of four chickens, each at day 1 (D1), days 14 (D14) and  days 28 (D28), total 12, were killed, their digestive tracts were dissected and described and shape, size and weight of  different segments were recorded. Samples from different segments were prepared and stained with haematoxylin  and eosin staining technique to study the histology under light microscope. The average lengths (cm) and weights  (gm) of esophagus, proventriculus (glandular stomach), gizzard (muscular stomach), small intestine and large  intestine were significantly higher (P<0.01) in chickens at D28 than that at D14 and at D1. The histological layers of  digestive tract were lamina epithelia, lamina propria, lamina muscularis, submucosa, tunica muscularis and serosa  with the exception in esophagus where outer adventitia was found. The esophageal glands were significantly more in  numbers at D1 (in cross section, 12 in number per focus under 100x) than at D14 (6 in number per focus under 100x)  and at D28 (2 in number per focus under 100x). The proventriculus consisted of macroscopic papillae with numerous  microscopic folds with lamina propria comprised of simple glands, which converged into a common cavity near the  surface. In gizzard, the cuticle, in the form of wavy lines ran parallel to the surface. The villi of small intestine and  large intestine were lined by simple columnar epithelium. The apical parts of villi of the duodenum were slightly  pointed and the basal parts of the villi were thicker than jejunum and ileum, whereas, the villi of the jejunum and ileum  became shorter and broader than duodenum and most of the villi had blunt apical part and the basal parts were  wider. The numbers of goblet cells were numerous in number in ileum than duodenum and jejunum. Plicae ran along  the inner surface of the distal two thirds of the cacea. However, in the colorectum, the villi appeared as numerous  long flat leaf-shaped structures which filled a large proportion of the lumen. The average lengths and widths of villi of  small and large intestine were significantly higher (P<0.01) in chickens at D28 than that at D14 and at D1. The number  of goblet cells in lamina epithelium and intestinal glands of the lamina propria were numerous in number at D28 than  the chickens at D14 and at D1.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12096   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 69–77, 2012  

Comparison of Transport Capacity of Small and Large Intestine

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Cordero ◽  
T. Hastings Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Small And Large Intestine
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