Description of the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs of the kultarr (Antechinomys laniger)

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley J. Stannard ◽  
Julie M. Old
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Microscopic Description ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
New Information ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

This paper provides a macro- and microscopic description of the digestive tract of the kultarr (Antechinomys laniger), a small dasyurid marsupial. The digestive tract was simple, with no external differentiation between the small and large intestine, and lacked a caecum. Mean gross length of the kultarr digestive tract was 165.2 ± 32.1 mm. Microscopically, the tissues had cell types similar to those of other mammals. The new information will aid future post-mortem investigations of captive kultarrs and future studies of nutrition.

Identification and localization of extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor in rat intestine

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. G122-G130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naibedya Chattopadhyay ◽  
Ivan Cheng ◽  
Kimberly Rogers ◽  
Daniela Riccardi ◽  
Amy Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

The extracellular calcium ([Formula: see text])-sensing receptor (CaR) plays vital roles in [Formula: see text] homeostasis, but no data are available on its expression in small and large intestine. Polymerase chain reaction products amplified from reverse-transcribed duodenal RNA using CaR-specific primers showed >99% homology with the rat kidney CaR. Northern analysis with a CaR-specific cRNA probe demonstrated 4.1- and 7.5-kb transcripts in all intestinal segments. Immunohistochemistry with CaR-specific antisera showed clear basal staining of epithelial cells of small intestinal villi and crypts and modest apical staining of the former, whereas there was both basal and apical staining of colonic crypt epithelial cells. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry also demonstrated CaR expression in Auerbach’s myenteric plexus of small and large intestines and in the submucosa in the region of Meissner’s plexus. Our results reveal CaR expression in several cell types of small and large intestine, in which it may modulate absorptive and/or secretomotor functions.

scholarly journals Contribution of rat liver and gastrointestinal tract to whole-body protein synthesis in the rat

1980 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 381-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A McNurlan ◽  
P J Garlick
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

The rate of protein synthesis was assessed in liver, stomach, small and large intestine and in the whole body of rats by injection of 100 mumol of [14C]leucine/100 g body wt. In each of the tissues turnover was very rapid, so that taken together they accounted for 43% of the protein synthesized by the whole animal.

scholarly journals ANTIULCEROGENIC EFFECT OF CRYOPRESERVED PLACENTA EXTRACT AND THE EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURES ON THE DIGESTIVE TRACT INJURED BY DICLOFENAC SODIUM IN THE EXPERIMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fedir. V. Hladkykh ◽  
Mykola O. Chyzh
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Ulcerogenic Effect ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

Today, the ulcerogenic effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is a key factor that significantly limits their clinical use and is a serious medical and social problem, as these drugs are among the most commonly used drugs – they are used annually by about 5­–7% of the world's population. The aim is to characterize the antiulcerogenic effect of cryopreserved placenta extract and its application against the background of low temperatures in the model of diclofenac sodium-induced ulcerogenesis in rats according to macroscopic studies of the proximal and distal digestive tract. The study was performed on 42 male rats weighing 200–220 g. Acute diclofenac sodium-induced gastrointestinal damage was replicated by a single intragastric administration of diclofenac sodium to rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Euthanasia of animals was performed after 24 hours. The condition of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract was assessed on a scale and calculated integrated indicators – ulcer index and antiulcer activity. Cryocell-cryoextract of placenta was administered to rats intramuscularly at a dose of 0.16 ml/kg body weight. Cryoirrigation was performed once by local injection of liquid nitrogen vapor (temperature – 120˚C) for 10 s. It was found that diclofenac sodium at a dose of 50 mg/kg led to erosive-ulcerative damage to the gastric mucosa in 100% of rats, and the ulcer index was 3.9. The most pronounced leveling of the ulcerogenic effect of diclofenac sodium was observed against the combined preventive use of placental cryoextract and low temperature effect – the ulcer index was 12.6 times lower than that of rats with diclofenac sodium-induced ulcerogenesis without correction. Macroscopic evaluation of the distal gastrointestinal tract showed that the introduction of diclofenac sodium led to a statistically significant (p < 0.05) lesion of the mucous membrane of the small and large intestine in 42.9% of rats. According to the magnitude of antiulcer effect (%) in the model of diclofenac sodium-induced ulcerogenesis, the investigated prophylactic approaches for antiulcer activity have the following priority: action of low temperatures + cryoextract of placenta (96.7%) > cryoextract of placenta (92.1%) ~ esomeprazole (88.2%) > action of low temperatures (72.1%). No lesions of both the small and large intestine on the background of the introduction of placental cryoextract in the model of diclofenac sodium-associated ulcerogenesis were detected.

scholarly journals 7. Effect of Soya Wastes Probiotic and Palm Kernel Addition Fermented by Aspergillus niger to the Cellulase Activity in Broilers Digestive Tract

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Nurliana Nurliana ◽  
Anna Farida ◽  
Sugito Sugito ◽  
Al Azhar ◽  
Razali Razali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

This study aimed to determine the cellulase activity in broilers digestive tract after the treatment of soya wastes and palm kernel fermented by A.niger (AKBIS Prob) in the ration. This study used a complete randomized factorial design, which consists of two factors, namely the AKBIS Prob composition factor and the duration of AKBIS Prob. Twenty four broilers were divided into four groups by randomized and three replications of each. The feed supplement combinations were P0 (commercial), P1 (commercial and AKBIS Prob 2%), P2 (commercial and AKBIS Prob 4%), and P3 (commercial and AKBIS Prob 6%). The intestine preparation was taken at the 22 and 36 days to extraction and detection the cellulase activity concentration. Data were analyzed using variance analysis of factorial patterns. AKBIS Prob 2,4 and 6% was no effect (P 0.05) to the cellulase activity in the small and large intestine, while the treatment duration was significant (P0,05) in the small intestine but neither in the large intestine (P0,05) to the cellulase activity. The addition of AKBIS Prob 2.4 and 6% had no effect (P 0.05) on the concentration of cellulase activity in the small intestine and large intestine, while the duration the treatment was very significant (P 0.05) in the small intestine and neither in the large intestine (P 0.05) on the concentration of cellulase activity. The AKBIS administration in the ration for 22 days can increase the activity and concentration of cellulase activity in the small intestine of the digestive tract of broiler chickens.

Comparative gross morphology of the digestive tract in ten Didelphidae marsupial species

Mammalia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.T. Santori ◽  
D. Astua De Moraes ◽  
Rui Cerqueira
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Marsupial Species

Natural diets of Didelphidae species vary in the amounts of invertebrates, fruits and small vertebrates eaten. We investigated the digestive morphology of ten species of didelphid marsupials varying in food habits. The purpose was to describe and to compare the shape and relative size of the digestive tract portions among species studied and relate them to food habits. The form of the gastrointestinal tract in this family is simple, with a unilocular stomach, small intestine, large intestine and caecum.

scholarly journals Macroscopic assessment of protective effect of cryopreserved placenta extract in ibuprofen-induced gastroenterocolonopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
F.V. Hladkykh
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Gastroprotective Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Lesions ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

Background. Over-the-counter use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs leads to their uncontrolled consumption among the population, which in some cases makes it impossible to prevent and timely detect adverse drug effects, and their effectiveness does not always satisfy clinicians. The purpose was to characterize the cytoprotective properties of cryopreserved placenta extract according to the condition of the mucous membrane of the proximal (esophagus and stomach) and distal (small and large intestine) parts of the gastrointestinal tract on the model of ibuprofen-induced esophagogastroenterocolonopathy. Mate­rials and methods. In vivo experimental studies were performed on 28 male rats. Subchronic ibuprofen-induced gastrointestinal lesions were reproduced by intragastric administration of ibuprofen to rats at a dose of 310 mg/kg. The condition of the gastrointestinal tract mucous membrane was assessed macroscopically on a scale. Results. The therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of esomeprazole statistically significantly (р < 0.05) took place in the proximal parts of the gastrointestinal tract but had little effect on the prevalence of ulcerative lesions in the intestine. At the same time, unlike esomeprazole, which is known to have only gastroprotective activity, cryopreserved placenta extract had a cytoprotective effect both in the stomach and in the distal parts of the gastrointestinal tract — small and large intestine. Thus, the prevalence of ibuprofen-induced both entero- and colonopathy on the background of the study of the extract was almost twice lower than in rats that did not receive correction drugs. Conclusions. It is established that the use of cryopreserved placenta extract in the treatment-and-prophylactic mode has comparable to esomeprazole gastroprotective activity. In addition, it was found that the use of the studied cryoextract was accompanied by a decrease in the multiplicity of ulcerative defects in the small and large intestine of rats, by 4.6 and 3.8 times, respectively, compared to the control animals.

scholarly journals A Metabolomic-Based Evaluation of the Role of Commensal Microbiota throughout the Gastrointestinal Tract in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Yamamoto ◽  
Yumiko Nakanishi ◽  
Shinnosuke Murakami ◽  
Wanping Aw ◽  
Tomoya Tsukimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Commensal Microbiota ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbes ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

Commensal microbiota colonize the surface of our bodies. The inside of the gastrointestinal tract is one such surface that provides a habitat for them. The gastrointestinal tract is a long organ system comprising of various parts, and each part possesses various functions. It has been reported that the composition of intestinal luminal metabolites between the small and large intestine are different; however, comprehensive metabolomic and commensal microbiota profiles specific to each part of the gastrointestinal lumen remain obscure. In this study, by using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS)-based metabolome and 16S rRNA gene-based microbiome analyses of specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) murine gastrointestinal luminal profiles, we observed the different roles of commensal microbiota in each part of the gastrointestinal tract involved in carbohydrate metabolism and nutrient production. We found that the concentrations of most amino acids in the SPF small intestine were higher than those in the GF small intestine. Furthermore, sugar alcohols such as mannitol and sorbitol accumulated only in the GF large intestine, but not in the SPF large intestine. On the other hand, pentoses, such as arabinose and xylose, gradually accumulated from the cecum to the colon only in SPF mice, but were undetected in GF mice. Correlation network analysis between the gastrointestinal microbes and metabolites showed that niacin metabolism might be correlated to Methylobacteriaceae. Collectively, commensal microbiota partially affects the gastrointestinal luminal metabolite composition based on their metabolic dynamics, in cooperation with host digestion and absorption.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic Fields Modify Redox Balance in the Rat Gastrointestinal Tract

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Sieroń ◽  
Katarzyna Knapik ◽  
Grzegorz Onik ◽  
Ewa Romuk ◽  
Ewa Birkner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of electromagnetic fields with divergent physical properties on the prooxidative and antioxidative balances in homogenates of the tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines of rats.Material and Methods: Forty rats were randomly divided into four equal groups, namely, a control group, a group exposed to low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF-EMFs; frequency: 50 Hz; intensity: 10 kV/m; magnetic induction: 4.3 pT), a group exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) emitted by mobile phones (frequency: 900 MHz), and a group exposed simultaneously to LF-EMFs and RF-EMFs emitted by mobile phones. After 28 consecutive days of the experiment, the following pro- and antioxidative markers were assessed in the gastrointestinal tract homogenates: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its two isoenzymes (Mn-SOD, Cu,Zn-SOD) catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), total antioxidative capacity (TAC), total oxidative status (TOS), and malondialdehyde (MDA).Results: In rats exposed to LF-EMFs, higher concentrations of the markers of prooxidant processes, MDA or TOS, were observed in the salivary glands, esophagus, and small intestine homogenates in comparison with the control group. Additionally, in the group of rats opposite to the control, antioxidant activity was observed. The main differences included a higher activity of Cu,Zn-SOD in homogenates of the tongue, salivary glands, and esophagus as well as decreased activity of CAT in homogenates of the tongue, esophagus, and small intestine. In animals exposed to RF-EMFs, the concentration of TOS was higher in the large intestine than in control rats. The main difference of antioxidant activity was presented by decreased Cu,Zn-SOD in homogenates of the salivary glands, stomach, small and large intestine as well as CAT in homogenates of the tongue, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestine. Moreover, in rats exposed simultaneously to LF-EMFs and RF-EMFs, a lower concentration of TOS was observed. Antioxidant activity was presented by a decreased activity of CAT in homogenates of the tongue, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestine in comparison to the control group.Conclusion: Among those applied in the study, electromagnetic fields of a low-frequency caused the most significant disturbances of oxidative stress in the rat gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Transfer of Sulphur to the Digestive Tract of Sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Kennedy ◽  
JP Hogan ◽  
JR Lindsay ◽  
RM Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Small And Large Intestine ◽  
Made In

The transfer of sulphate from plasma to digestive tract and from digestive tract to plasma in crossbred sheep was estimated by the use of isotope dilution techniques with Na235S04. The passage of 35S along the digestive tract was simultaneously measured by reference to two inert radioactive markers infused intraruminally. In the first experiment, three sheep given a roughage-based diet containing 174� 7 mg S/day received an intravenous infusion of Na23SS04 for 7 days before collections were made of plasma and of digesta from the rumen, abomasum and terminal ileum. Similar collections were made in the second experiment in which four sheep received intrahuninal infusions of Na23SS04. From estimates of infusion rate of 35S, specific radioactivity of 3SS in plasma and digesta and rate of flow of sulphur in the digestive tract the following calculations were made: The transfer of sulphate from the plasma to the rumen was calculated as 29 mg S/day. Of this only 12 mg S/day passed as organic sulphur in digesta from the stomach. As the net gain of sulphur in the stomach in this experiment was 153 mg/day, sulphate transferred from the plasma contributed only a small amount of sulphur derived from endogenous sources in the stomach. In contrast, the substantial passage of 35S into the intestinal lumen during intravenous infusion of 35S04 suggested that 38 and 41 mg S/day of the 236 and 145 mg organic S/day flowing from the small and large intestine respectively was derived from plasma sulphate, corresponding to about 26 % of the dose.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of mucins (MUC2-6) along the longitudinal axis of the human gastrointestinal tract

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. G296-G302 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Van Klinken ◽  
J. Dekker ◽  
H. A. Buller ◽  
C. de Bolos ◽  
A. W. Einerhand
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

Little is known about the biosynthesis of mucin molecules in humans. Our aim was to examine the mucin biosynthesis (MUC2-6) along the longitudinal axis of the healthy human gastrointestinal tract. Biopsies of human stomach and small and large intestine were metabolically labeled with 35S-labeled amino acids, [35S]sulfate, or[3H]galactose, immunoprecipitated with antibodies against MUC2-6, and analyzed by reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), MUC5AC [apparent molecular weight (M(r)) 500,000] and MUC6 (apparent M(r) 400,000) were detected in the stomach but not in the small or large intestine, MUC3 (apparent M(r) 550,000) was detected in duodenum and jejunum, MUC2 (apparent M(r)600,000) was detected throughout the small and large intestine, and MUC4 (apparent M(r) > 900,000) was detected predominantly in the large intestine. Interestingly, some individuals displayed double bands of MUC2 and MUC3 precursors, suggesting allelic variation within the respective genes. Between small and large intestine mature secreted MUC2 showed differences in mobility on SDS-PAGE, suggesting differences in glycosylation. Each of the MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC6 precursors could be distinguished electrophoretically, and each showed region-specific expression along the gastrointestinal tract.

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