scholarly journals Transcontinental Occurrence of Al and A2 Strains of Phytophthora Cinnamomi in Australia

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
BH Pratt ◽  
WA Heather ◽  
CJ Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Wide Distribution

The fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands is regarded as heterothallic with compatible mating strains designated Al and A2 (Gallegly 1970). Although the fungus has a world-wide distribution the Al strain has been reported only from North America and Hawaii (Galindo and Zentmyer 1964; Haasis, Nelson, and Marx 1964).

An outer shelf shelly fauna from Cambrian Series 2 (Stage 4) of North Greenland (Laurentia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 (S83) ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
John S. Peel
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
North East ◽  
Small Shelly Fossils ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
North Greenland

AbstractAn assemblage of 50 species of small shelly fossils is described from Cambrian Series 2 (Stage 4) strata in North Greenland, the present day northernmost part of the paleocontinent of Laurentia. The fossils are derived from the basal member of the Aftenstjernesø Formation at Navarana Fjord, northern Lauge Koch Land, a condensed unit that accumulated in a sediment-starved outer ramp setting in the transarctic Franklinian Basin, on the Innuitian margin of Laurentia. Most other small shelly fossil assemblages of similar age and composition from North America are described from the Iapetan margin of Laurentia, from North-East Greenland south to Pennsylvania. Trilobites are uncommon, but include Serrodiscus. The Australian bradoriid Spinospitella is represented by a complete shield. Obolella crassa is the only common brachiopod. Hyoliths, including Cassitella, Conotheca, Neogloborilus, and Triplicatella, are abundant and diverse, but most are represented just by opercula. Sclerites interpreted as stem-group aculiferans (sachitids) are conspicuous, including Qaleruaqia, the oldest described paleoloricate, Ocruranus?, Inughuitoconus n. gen., and Hippopharangites. Helcionelloid mollusks are diverse, but not common; they are associated with numerous specimens of the bivalve Pojetaia runnegari. The fauna compares best with that of the upper Bastion Formation of North-East Greenland, the Forteau Formation of western Newfoundland, and the Browns Pond Formation of New York, but several taxa have a world-wide distribution. Many specimens are encrusted with crystals of authigenic albite. New species: Anabarella? navaranae, Stenotheca? higginsi, Figurina? polaris, Hippopharangites groenlandicus, Inughuitoconus borealis, and Ocruranus? kangerluk.UUID: http://zoobank.org/160a17b1-3166-4fcf-9849-a3cabd1e04a3

scholarly journals African Aphididae

1914 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred. V. Theobald
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
European Species ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
The Common ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Our knowledge of the Aphididae of Africa is as yet very limited, this important group of insects having been but little studied, except in Europe and North America. At present only thirty-five species are recorded for the whole African continent, about the number one can collect in a single afternoon in one's own garden in England. It will be noticed that several common European species are recorded, and that they are as destructive in Africa as in Europe, such as the Common Cabbage Aphis (A. brassicae) and the Ribes and Lettuce Aphis (Rhopalosiphum lactucae). Several others occur which have a world-wide distribution, such as the Black Peach Aphis (Aphis persicae), and the Woolly Aphis (Eriosoma lanigerum), doubtless having been distributed on nursery stock, the former as ova and the latter as adults. Fuller has reported destroying and fumigating strawberry plants attacked by Aphis sent from Europe, and Lounsbury records the presence of Apple Aphis eggs on imported stock. Undoubtedly these insects are constantly being distributed from country to country with imported plants, trees and shrubs.

ON THE NEMATODE GENUS RHABDOCHONA RAILLIET, 1916 (NEMATODA: SPIRUROIDEA)

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. E. Choquette
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Nematode Genus ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Host List

The systematic position of the genus Rhabdochona Railliet, 1916 and its diagnosis is reviewed. The genus comprising 33 species has a world-wide distribution and has been found, with one exception, in fish. Species from fish in North America are discussed and R. cascadilla Wigdor, 1918 is redescribed; R. laurentiana Lyster, 1940 is considered to be identical with the latter. A new species, R. milleri, is described. A host list and the geographical distribution of the 33 species of Rhabdochona so far recorded are given.

Distribution of the Parasitic Isopod Hemioniscus balani with Special Reference to the East Coast of North America

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1161-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Crisp
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Small Area ◽  
World Wide ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
American Variety ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Cape Hatteras ◽  
Balanus Balanoides ◽  
Parasitic Isopod

Hemioniscus balani Spence Bate, a parasitic isopod with a world-wide distribution in temperate waters, was not found among intertidal populations of Balanus balanoides examined between 1959 and 1965 on the east coast of North America from Newfoundland to Cape Hatteras, except for a small area near Halifax, Nova Scotia.The North American variety of Balanus balanoides, when transplanted from Woods Hole to North Wales, was found to be much more susceptible than the European variety to parasitisation by H. balani.

scholarly journals Malarial parasites as geographical markers in migratory birds?

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia M Fallon ◽  
Robert C Fleischer ◽  
Gary R Graves
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Dendroica Caerulescens ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Wintering Range

We tested the hypothesis that malarial parasites ( Plasmodium and Haemoproteus ) of black-throated blue warblers ( Dendroica caerulescens ) provide sufficient geographical signal to track population movements between the warbler's breeding and wintering habitats in North America. Our results from 1083 warblers sampled across the species' breeding range indicate that parasite lineages are geographically widespread and do not provide site-specific information. The wide distribution of malarial parasites probably reflects postnatal dispersal of their hosts as well as mixing of breeding populations on the wintering range. When compared to geographically structured parasites of sedentary Caribbean songbirds, patterns of malarial infections in black-throated blue warblers suggest that host–malaria dynamics of migratory and sedentary bird populations may be subject to contrasting selection pressures.

The Output of First Stage Larvae by Cats Infested with Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Hamilton ◽  
A. W. McCaw
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, the lungworm of the cat, has a world wide distribution and has been reported from countries as far apart as America, Great Britain and Palestine. It has a complex life cycle insofar as a molluscan intermediate host is essential and it is possible that auxiliary hosts also play an important part. In Britain, the incidence of active infestation of cats with the parasite has been recorded as 19·4% (Lewis, 1927) and 6·6% (Hamilton, 1966) but the latter author found that, generally, the clinical disease produced by the parasite was of a mild nature. It is known that the average patent period of the infestation in the cat is 8–13 weeks and it seems likely that, in that time, a considerable number of first stage larvae would be evacuated. Information on that point is not available and the object of the following experiment was to ascertain the number of larvae produced by cats during the course of a typical infestation.

scholarly journals A Fast, Straightforward and Inexpensive Method for the Authentication of Baijiu Spirit Samples by Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Beverages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Burns ◽  
Raegan Alexander ◽  
Liliya Snaychuk ◽  
John C. Edwards ◽  
Neil Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
North America ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Price Differences

The Chinese spirit baijiu is currently the world’s bestselling spirit, with more than ten billion liters sold in 2018. This is a figure that puts its sales higher than whiskey, vodka, gin, and tequila combined. The multitude of baijiu varieties available in the market differ in several ways ranging from aging to the traditional artisanship involved in producing the final spirit to several other features, including the rarity of the bottle. A result of these differences is a wide distribution of prices for the various baijiu products. Consequently, a single bottle of baijiu can cost anywhere from a few dollars, up to thousands of US dollars. The price differences among the various baijiu spirits necessitate the existence of reliable scientific methods that can efficiently differentiate and authenticate the qualities of baijiu spirits. In addition, the existence of such methods facilitates the prevention of counterfeit sales of the final product. Considering this, we introduce an analytical chemistry method that distinguishes amongst different baijiu spirits based on fluorescence spectroscopy. Its attributes include the low cost and convenience that allows analysis either before or while the spirit is in the market. Our work herein focuses on the analysis of thirty different varieties of baijiu spirits from six different distilleries from East Asia and North America by fluorescence emission spectroscopy, which is associated to the price of the product. For the analysis, we employed a HORIBA FLUOROLOG 3 (HORIBA—Jobin Yvon) spectrometer. Major advantages of this method include the low cost, as no consumables except a quartz reusable cuvette are required, the minimal waste, and finally the quick processing of data.

scholarly journals A NEW GENUS OF APHELININÆ FROM CHILE

1900 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 167-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. Howard
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
World Wide ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Parasitic Hymenoptera ◽  
The World

Since the publication of the writer's “Revision of the Aphelininæ of North America” (Bulletin 1, Technical Series, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, 1895), the discovery of new forms, and especially of new genera, has been of very infrequent occurence. Species have been received from all parts of the world, owing to the extraordinary and world-wide development of interest in scale insects, which are the principal hosts of the Aphelininæ, yet nearly all of the forms thus received have been species already described, which have been carried with their hosts upon live plants to many different regions. It is, therefore, interesting to discover a new genus, even from a country like Chile, whose parasitic Hymenoptera are so little known. A most interesting feature of the discovery is that the new genus was reared from Aspidiotus hederœ (nerii) together with three of the cosmopolitan forms, namely, Aspidiotiphagus citrinus (Craw); Coccophagus immaculatus, How., and Prospalta aurantii, How. The writer is indebted to Mr. Edwyn C. Reed, of Rancagua, Chile, for this sending, as well as for many other favours.

Microsphaera penicillata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Erysiphe Pisi ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Dry Seasons

Abstract A description is provided for Microsphaera penicillata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On species of Alnus, Betula, Syringa, Lathyrus, sweet peas and numerous other hosts (Saknon, 1900; Stevens, 1925; 39: 739; 41: 175) DISEASES: Powdery mildew of alder and lilac. Forms a white to grey floury appearance on the surface of broad leaves of many hard wood trees. It is more prevalent on sweet peas than Erysiphe pisi (CMI Descript. 155) in North America in spring when temperature and humidity are fluctuating. The foliage may be malformed, dropping prematurely or drying out and shrivelling. It is also prevalent on lilac in late summer and autumn, sometimes in dry seasons almost completely covering the foliage, but generally too late in the season to cause serious damage. Young leaves are more susceptible. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide on alder and lilac and occasionally occurring on numerous other hosts. Distributed generally in North America and Europe, also reported from Chile, China, India and Japan (Salmon, 1900, 39: 739; 41: 175). TRANSMISSION: Spores wind borne.

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