scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Response of Ram Spermatozoa to Bicarbonate and Carbon Dioxide

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Wales ◽  
RN Murdoch
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prior Exposure ◽  
Constant Concentration ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Other Hand

The metabolism of washed ram spermatozoa was studied in the presence of bicarbonate or carbon dioxide or both under various conditions of incubation. The presence of respired carbon dioxide had little or no effect on the utilization of glucose or fructose by ram spermatozoa whether potassium was present or not. On the other hand, the addition of 6 mM sodium bicarbonate to a potassium-containing diluent stimulated oxygen uptake, glycolysis, and fructolysis by the spermatozoa. The effect of bicarbonate on substrate utilization did not depend on the maintenance of a constant concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas phase and was not influenced by prior exposure to bicarbonate. Substrate utilization was not stimulated by bicarbonate in the absence of potassium; there was a depression of oxygen uptake under these conditions.

Methylene. III. Gas phase reactions with 1-chloropropane

1969 ◽  
Vol 312 (1509) ◽  
pp. 141-161 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Hydrogen Abstraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Phase Reactions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Chlorine Substituent ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Singlet Methylene

The work described in this and the following paper is a continuation of that in parts I and II, devoted to elucidation of the mechanism of the reactions of methylene with chloroalkanes, with particular reference to the reactivities of singlet and triplet methylene in abstraction and insertion processes. The products of the reaction between methylene, prepared by the photolysis of ketene, and 1-chloropropane have been identified and estimated and their dependence on reactant pressures, photolysing wavelength and presence of foreign gases (oxygen and carbon mon­oxide) has been investigated. Both insertion and abstraction mechanisms contribute significantly to the over-all reaction, insertion being relatively much more important than with chloroethane. This type of process appears to be confined to singlet methylene. If, as seems likely, there is no insertion into C—Cl bonds under our conditions (see part IV), insertion into C2—H and C3—H bonds occurs in statistical ratio, approximately. On the other hand, the chlorine substituent reduces the probability of insertion into C—H bonds in its vicinity. As in the chloroethane system, both species of methylene show a high degree of selectivity in their abstraction reactions. We find that k S Cl / k S H >7.7, k T Cl / k T H < 0.14, where the k ’s are rate constants for abstraction, and the super- and subscripts indicate the species of methylene and the type of atom abstracted, respectively. Triplet methylene is discriminating in hydrogen abstraction from 1-C 3 H 7 Cl, the overall rates for atoms attached to C1, C2, C3 being in the ratios 2.63:1:0.

Effects of Concrete Compositions on the Elastic Modulus

2021 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Rudolf Hela ◽  
Lenka Bodnárová ◽  
Klára Křížová
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Eurocode 2 ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Reducing Costs

The paper comments on the influence of various technological factors influencing the values of elastic modulus. Today, the composition of concrete combines the classic input components with the significant use of mixed cements, active admixtures and superplasticizers in order to achieve the required compressive strength of concrete and durability while reducing costs. On the other hand, the composition of these concretes has a negative impact on the elastic modulus which are significantly lower than the values derived from compressive strength in Eurocode 2. At the end of the article is a list of measures that are a prerequisite for obtaining the required concrete elastic modulus.

scholarly journals Effect of additional side groups on the vibrational frequencies of benzoquinone molecules

BIBECHANA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Nabin Kumar Raut ◽  
Hari Prasad Lamichhane
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Vibrational Frequencies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Computational Investigation ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Solvent Phase ◽  
Other Hand

The present work enumerates detailed computational investigation into the IR spectra in gas phase and in solvent of 1, 4- Benzoquinone family (benzoquinone (BQ), duroquinone (DQ), plastoquinone (PQ), ubiquinone (UQ), and dimethoxy dimethyl benzoquinone (MQo)). In  the spectra of BQ, PQ, and DQ, we observed separate intense carbonyl (C=O) and C=C bands respectively around 1730 cm-1 (intense), 1645 cm-1 (weak). On the other hand, for UQ and MQo, three prominent bands around 1652, 1703, and 1733 cm-1 were observed, where two C=O modes were uncoupled but one of the carbonyl is strongly coupled with C=C vibrations. The additional methyl groups downshift the intense carbonyl bands and upshift C=C mode frequencies. The carbonyl modes further downshifted in the solvent phase calculation.BIBECHANA 14 (2017) 66-76

Innovation and Enterprenuership: Relational Aspect

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1and2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ms. Kamalpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Adoption Of Innovation ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Relational Aspect ◽  
The Relationship

This paper is an attempt to describe the relationship between entrepreneurship and innovation. From the discussion, it has been found that both are having bidirectional relationship with each other. Business cannot be regarded as successful enterprise unless the beneficial and useful innovation is not adopted by it at right time. On the other hand, innovation can only be successfully implemented if the entrepreneurs are efficient enough to drive it into the business in appropriate manner so that it can be useful for the business as a whole. In this paper, various factors influencing the innovation in entrepreneurship have also been elaborated. Moreover, from Indian context, some recommendations have also been made which can further encourage the adoption of innovation in an enterprise.

Borierungsreaktionen an den N-Oxiden und -Iminen ungesättigter Stickstoffbasen / Boration Reactions with the N-Oxides and m-Imines of Unsaturated Nitrogen Bases

1980 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Paetzold ◽  
Günther Schimmel
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Nitrogen Bases ◽  
Other Hand

1,3-Dipolar reagents with an unsaturated CNO- or CNN-skeleton undergo 1,3-organoboration by triorganoboranes. On the other hand, the unsaturated NNO-skeletons in azoxybenzene or nitrous-oxide are reduced to the corresponding NN-fragment by trialkylboranes. The 1,3-addition of aminoborane Cl2BNMe2 to the aldimineoxide PhHC = NMe-0 represents one of the rare examples of analogous reactivity of BN- and CC-double bonds. O-Borylhydroxylamines PhHCR-NMe-OBR2 are reduced by BR′3 to PhHCR-NMe-BR′2 and R′0-BR2. Similar reduction products are isolated from liquid-phase thermolysis of PhHCEt-NMe-OBEt2 (16), whereas gas-phase thermolysis of 16 gives PhCH = NMe, (EtBO)3, and C4H10.

Effect of different oxygen concentrations in the gas phase on biochemical activities of goat mammary tissue in organ culture

1989 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Škarda ◽  
Eva Urbanová
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Relative Response ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rna And Protein Synthesis ◽  
Casein Synthesis ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

SummaryNon-secretory mammary expiants from virgin goats showed higher RNA and protein synthesis in a low O2 gas phase (air) than in high O2 (95% O2). Lipid and casein synthesis was not affected significantly by the concentration of O2 in the atmosphere during culture. on the other hand, the more developed mammary tissue from primigravid goats showed higher lipid, casein and protein synthesis in 95% O2. The relative response of mammary tissue to hormones was not substantially different when cultured in the presence of a low or high O2 gas phase. As Hepes-buffered medium was found not to need a supply of CO2 to maintain the correct pH and as Hepes did not interfere with biochemical activities of cells, it is recommended to use it for cultures in a low O2 gas phase.

scholarly journals The Existence of Traditional Games Among 5-6 Years Old Children (In RT 23, Kelurahan Kota Baru, Kecamatan Alok Timur, Maumere)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Maria Ernawati N. Mbasa ◽  
Mintje Ratoe Oedjoe ◽  
Credo Betty ◽  
Beatriks N. Bunga
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Safety Aspects ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rolling Wheel ◽  
Jump Rope ◽  
Presence Of People

This research aims to identify the traditional games exist, factors influencing the existence of and describe the attendance at the traditional games in Maumere. This research took place in RT 23, Kelurahan Kota Baru, Kecamatan Alok Timur, Maumere. The subjects of this research were 5-6 years old children, their parents and some officials of RT 23. The data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation during the research. The results indicated that segong (hopscotch), inggo (hide and seek), ban (rolling wheel) and tali merdeka (jump rope) and several seasonal games still existed as children played the games every day. The presence of people who could teach children the traditional games, the no replacement of modern games, the safety aspects of the game from parents’ perspective and the strong family-tied social life contributed to the survival of traditional games. On the other hand, the decreasing availability of land to play contributed to the extinction of traditional games among children in Maumere.

Effect of Multicomponent Mixtures on Cycles With Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Vesely ◽  
Vaclav Dostal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multicomponent Mixtures ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cycle Efficiency ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

With the increasing interest in solar and geothermal power plants as well as waste heat recovery systems from many technologies, the whole world is more focused on gas power cycles. Especially, the supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) cycles are very interesting for these applications. This is due to many advantages of the S-CO2 cycles over the other cycles such as a steam-water cycle or helium cycle. On the other hand, S-CO2 cycles have also disadvantages. One of the disadvantages is presence of impurities in the cycles. The big question is the effect of these impurities in the CO2, which can occur as impurities or can be suitably added to the pure CO2. From the previous research, it is obvious that binary mixtures affect the cycle as they influence cycle component design and thus the overall efficiency of the power cycle. The biggest effect of mixtures is on the heat exchangers and compressor, which operate close to the critical point. The positive effect of the binary mixtures is observed in the recuperative heat exchanger. On the other hand, negative effects occurs in the cooler. Therefore, the Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU) conducted research on supercritical carbon dioxide cycles, which is focused on the effect of the gaseous admixtures in S-CO2 on the different cycle components. The main goal of this paper is to describe the effect of gaseous admixtures on the efficiency of the cycles and their effect on each component. The first part of the study is focused on the calculation of the basic cycles for binary mixtures and description of the effect on the compressor and the cycle efficiency. The second part of the study is focused on the calculation of the basic cycles for multicomponent mixtures. In this part, the effect of the mixtures for different compositions and amounts of the individual mixture components will be presented. The calculations are performed for pure CO2 and then for selected multicomponent mixtures. A basic multicomponent mixture includes mixtures from technology of carbon capture and storage. Other multicomponent mixtures are combinations of previously investigated gaseous admixtures such as He, CO, O2, N2, H2, CH4 and H2S. The last part of the study is focused on the optimization of individual basic cycles for different amount of admixtures in CO2. The result of this study defines the optimum composition of multicomponent mixtures and describes their effect on the cycle efficiency for the particular utilization of S-CO2 cycle.

THE METABOLISM OF YEAST SPORULATION: III. RESPIRATION OF SPORULATING AND GROWING CELLS

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
O. Hoffmann-Ostenhof ◽  
Eszter Scheiber ◽  
O. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Endogenous Respiration ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Sodium Pyruvate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Output

Cells from growth medium had a strong endogenous respiration under aerobic conditions with a respiratory quotient of approximately unity. In M/300 glucose, their oxygen uptake was somewhat greater than the endogenous, but the aerobic carbon dioxide output was approximately twice the oxygen uptake. When such cells were incubated in buffer no change in their respiration in glucose was noted in 2 days, but when incubated in 0.3% acetate the respiratory quotient declined to 1.3–1.5. This decline was evident within six hours of the time the cells were placed in acetate. Glucose (0.1%) also depressed the respiratory quotient. With two other sporulation substrates, sodium pyruvate (0.13%) and lactic acid (0.1%), the effect was not so pronounced, and a fifth, dihydroxyacetone (0.1%), seemed to have little or no effect. Spores developed more rapidly and became more abundant in the acetate than in any of the other compounds. The changes in the respiratory quotient did not show a clear correlation with either the amount or the rapidity of sporulation in the five sporulation substrates. When cells were incubated in acetate or in glucose for a day under anaerobic conditions their respiratory quotient did not decline. Some success was obtained in separating sporulated from non-sporulated cells by centrifuging. No difference was noted in the respiration of sporulated and non-sporulated cells. The respiratory quotient of cells from sporulated cultures returned to values characteristic of growing cells after 2 to 4 hours in growth medium.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PHAGOCYTES AND TUBERCLE BACILLI

1956 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmann Stähelin ◽  
Manfred L. Karnovsky ◽  
Emanuel Suter
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Mycobacterium Phlei

Tubercle bacilli labelled with C14 were prepared by growth on radioactive substrates such as glycerol, CO2, and acetate. These organisms were exposed in vitro to leucocytes (mostly polymorphonuclear leucocytes) from peritoneal exudates of guinea pigs. The respiration of the leucocytes and of the bacilli, alone and together, was followed by determining oxygen uptake and C14O2 production. When heat-killed labelled tubercle bacilli were exposed to leucocytes there was little or no degradation of bacillary material to C14O2 by leucocytic enzymes. On the other hand, conversion of components of sonically disrupted bacilli to C14O2 by leucocytes was significant. It was possible to determine the oxygen uptake and C14O2 production of phagocytized living tubercle bacilli, and it was found that after phagocytosis the bacilli maintained their rates of oxygen consumption and C14O2 production. This finding was in contrast to observations made with Mycobacterium phlei, a saprophytic acid-fast organism, and with Bacillus subtilis. In these cases oxygen consumption and C14O2 production declined after phagocytosis, and bacterial components were converted to carbon dioxide to a significant degree by leucocytic enzymes.

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