scholarly journals Genetic Heterogeneity Among the Founders of Laboratory Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster III. Sternopleural Chaetae

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Laboratory Populations

Single, inseminated females of D. melanogaster derived from the same popUlation have led to discrete strains for sternopleural chaeta number, in agreement with earlier work on other traits. The discrete stains indicate that wild populations have genes which are polymorphic for sternopleural chaeta number. As well as showing characteristic mean chaeta �numbers, there was some indication that the strains had characteristic levels of variability. No significant correlations were found between sternopleural and scutellar chaeta numbers.

scholarly journals Genetic Heterogeneity Among the Founders of Laboratory Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster I. Mating Behaviour

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally M W Hosgood ◽  
PA Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Duration Of Copulation ◽  
Laboratory Populations

Single inseminated founder females in D. mBlanogastB'I' derived from the same population have led to genetically discrete strains for two behavioural traits: the percentage of pairs mated in 60 min, and duration of copulation. The effect of the founder females persists for many generations. These results are in agreement with earlier work on scutellar chaetae.

scholarly journals Evolution of reduced pre-adult viability and larval growth rate in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster selected for shorter development time

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. PRASAD ◽  
MALLIKARJUN SHAKARAD ◽  
VISHAL M. GOHIL ◽  
V. SHEEBA ◽  
M. RAJAMANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Larval Growth Rate ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Faster Development

Four large (n > 1000) populations of Drosophila melanogaster, derived from control populations maintained on a 3 week discrete generation cycle, were subjected to selection for fast development and early reproduction. Egg to eclosion survivorship and development time and dry weight at eclosion were monitored every 10 generations. Over 70 generations of selection, development time in the selected populations decreased by approximately 36 h relative to controls, a 20% decline. The difference in male and female development time was also reduced in the selected populations. Flies from the selected populations were increasingly lighter at eclosion than controls, with the reduction in dry weight at eclosion over 70 generations of selection being approximately 45% in males and 39% in females. Larval growth rate (dry weight at eclosion/development time) was also reduced in the selected lines over 70 generations, relative to controls, by approximately 32% in males and 24% in females. However, part of this relative reduction was due to an increase in growth rate of the controls populations, presumably an expression of adaptation to conditions in our laboratory. After 50 generations of selection had elapsed, a considerable and increasing pre- adult viability cost to faster development became apparent, with viability in the selected populations being about 22% less than that of controls at generation 70 of selection.

scholarly journals Spontaneous morphogenetic juvenilization observed in laboratory populations of vector species of Chagas disease (Triatominae)

1973 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Perlowagora-Szumlewicz ◽  
Hermenegildo, N. da Cruz ◽  
Julieta A. Nabuco de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Genetic Trait ◽  
Arrested Development ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Juvenile Hormone Analogues ◽  
Complete Metamorphosis

Reported are observations on spontaneous occurring morphogenetic juvenilization in laboratory populations of vector species of Chagas disease. Two general effects have been observed: arrested development and uncoordinated development. These are manifested by supernumerary nymphs (6th stage), intermediate nymphal-adult stages, badly deformed adults developed from 5th instar nymphs, uncoordinated development manifested by grotesque forms of adults, supernumerary adults unable to complete metamorphosis and complete supernumerary adults produced by 6th stage nymphs. The reoccurrence of insects with identical grades of juvenilization in the population is an indication that this is a genetic trait that might be inherited. The factors responsible for morphogenetic juvenilization cannot be transmitted through the juvenilized insects because they are sterile, than they were transmitted through normal insects probably as a recessive or a group recessive factors. The spontaneous morphogenetic juvenilization observed in laboratory populations has a striking similarity to juvenilizing effects induced by application of juvenile hormone analogues, described in the literature and also obtained in our laboratory in a study to be published. Thus it is suggested that both; the altered phenotypes occurring in wild populations and their "phenocopies" induced by the application of juvenile hormone analogues are products of gene controlled identical reactions.

scholarly journals Selection at 6-PGD locus in laboratory populations of Bactrocera oleae

2008 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-384
Author(s):  
NIKOS COSMIDIS ◽  
GEORGE GOULIELMOS ◽  
ELIAS ELIOPOULOS ◽  
MICHAEL LOUKAS
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Bactrocera Oleae ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
New Evidence

SummaryWe have previously shown that laboratory populations of the olive fruitfly Bactrocera oleae come to equilibrium with allele frequencies at the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) locus markedly different from those of wild populations. In this study, we present new evidence from perturbation experiments in support of the notion that the locus is under selective pressure under laboratory conditions. Eleven populations were started with frequencies at the 6-PGD locus different from the laboratory equilibrium. Over 12 generations, the populations showed a return to the previous equilibrium, indicating a direct and powerful selection pressure on the naturally occurring allozymes of this locus. That is, a marked increase of the F allele followed by a compensatory decrease of allele I. Populations were set up to minimize the effects of associative overdominance, and we discuss the possible influence of this factor. Nucleotide sequence for the 6-PGD F and I alleles revealed two missense mutations at positions 501 and 730 leading to different amino acids among the two alleles.

scholarly journals Effects of Genotype and Light on Mating Preference in Drosophila Melanogaster

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Oakeshott ◽  
DL Hayman
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Mating Preference ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Visual Defect ◽  
Female Phenotype ◽  
Dark Regime

Patterns of mating have been investigated among yellow-bodied and white-eyed D. melanogaster. The relative mating success of yellow-bodied and white-eyed males was found to depend on both the light/dark regime and the phenotype of the female receiving them. White-eyed males were more likely to succeed in the dark 01' with white-eyed females. The effect of the light/dark regime probably reflected the visual defect in white-eyed males and the effect of the female phenotype was primarily due to strong avoidance of yellow-bodied males by white-eyed females. The overall pattern of mating indicated environment-dependent sexual selection and suggested several models for the experimental analysis of the relations between environmental and genetic variability. Possible implications for wild populations are also discussed.

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