Genetic heterogeneity among the founders of laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Laboratory Populations

scholarly journals Genetic Heterogeneity Among the Founders of Laboratory Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster I. Mating Behaviour

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally M W Hosgood ◽  
PA Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Duration Of Copulation ◽  
Laboratory Populations

Single inseminated founder females in D. mBlanogastB'I' derived from the same population have led to genetically discrete strains for two behavioural traits: the percentage of pairs mated in 60 min, and duration of copulation. The effect of the founder females persists for many generations. These results are in agreement with earlier work on scutellar chaetae.

scholarly journals Genetic Heterogeneity Among the Founders of Laboratory Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster III. Sternopleural Chaetae

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Laboratory Populations

Single, inseminated females of D. melanogaster derived from the same popUlation have led to discrete strains for sternopleural chaeta number, in agreement with earlier work on other traits. The discrete stains indicate that wild populations have genes which are polymorphic for sternopleural chaeta number. As well as showing characteristic mean chaeta �numbers, there was some indication that the strains had characteristic levels of variability. No significant correlations were found between sternopleural and scutellar chaeta numbers.

scholarly journals Evolution of reduced pre-adult viability and larval growth rate in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster selected for shorter development time

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. PRASAD ◽  
MALLIKARJUN SHAKARAD ◽  
VISHAL M. GOHIL ◽  
V. SHEEBA ◽  
M. RAJAMANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Larval Growth Rate ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Faster Development

Four large (n > 1000) populations of Drosophila melanogaster, derived from control populations maintained on a 3 week discrete generation cycle, were subjected to selection for fast development and early reproduction. Egg to eclosion survivorship and development time and dry weight at eclosion were monitored every 10 generations. Over 70 generations of selection, development time in the selected populations decreased by approximately 36 h relative to controls, a 20% decline. The difference in male and female development time was also reduced in the selected populations. Flies from the selected populations were increasingly lighter at eclosion than controls, with the reduction in dry weight at eclosion over 70 generations of selection being approximately 45% in males and 39% in females. Larval growth rate (dry weight at eclosion/development time) was also reduced in the selected lines over 70 generations, relative to controls, by approximately 32% in males and 24% in females. However, part of this relative reduction was due to an increase in growth rate of the controls populations, presumably an expression of adaptation to conditions in our laboratory. After 50 generations of selection had elapsed, a considerable and increasing pre- adult viability cost to faster development became apparent, with viability in the selected populations being about 22% less than that of controls at generation 70 of selection.

scholarly journals Adaptive value of PGM polymorphism in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster

1980 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carfagna ◽  
L. Fucci ◽  
L. Gaudio ◽  
G. Pontecorvo ◽  
R. Rubino
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Frequency Dependent Selection ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Adaptive Value ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Nutritional Environment ◽  
Density Dependent Selection

SUMMARYExperiments have been performed to show that PGM polymorphism for the two common electrophoretic allozymes, PGMA and PGMB, in Drosophila melanogaster has adaptive value. Firstly, the allele frequencies converge to the same equilibrium value in six experimental populations. Secondly, density-dependent selection operates. Thirdly, the relative fitness of the three genotypes varies in modified culture media. PGM polymorphism is maintained by frequency-dependent selection and heterotic selection: the first mechanism operates to reach equilibrium frequency, the second cooperates to maintain it. The experiments performed with modified culture media favour the view that the two allozymes have different affinities for two components which are present in the nutritional environment. These components may be either substrates or other factors involved in the reaction catalyzed by PGM.

scholarly journals Assessing sexual conflict in the Drosophila melanogaster laboratory model system

2006 ◽  
Vol 361 (1466) ◽  
pp. 287-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R Rice ◽  
Andrew D Stewart ◽  
Edward H Morrow ◽  
Jodell E Linder ◽  
Nicole Orteiza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Model System ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Spatial Refuge ◽  
Sexually Antagonistic Coevolution

We describe a graphical model of interlocus coevolution used to distinguish between the interlocus sexual conflict that leads to sexually antagonistic coevolution, and the intrinsic conflict over mating rate that is an integral part of traditional models of sexual selection. We next distinguish the ‘laboratory island’ approach from the study of both inbred lines and laboratory populations that are newly derived from nature, discuss why we consider it to be one of the most fitting forms of laboratory analysis to study interlocus sexual conflict, and then describe four experiments using this approach with Drosophila melanogaster . The first experiment evaluates the efficacy of the laboratory model system to study interlocus sexual conflict by comparing remating rates of females when they are, or are not, provided with a spatial refuge from persistent male courtship. The second experiment tests for a lag-load in males that is due to adaptations that have accumulated in females, which diminish male-induced harm while simultaneously interfering with a male's ability to compete in the context of sexual selection. The third and fourth experiments test for a lag-load in females owing to direct costs from their interactions with males, and for the capacity for indirect benefits to compensate for these direct costs.

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