scholarly journals Cuticular Transpiration and Wax Structure and Composition of Leaves and Fruit of Vitis Vinifera

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
JV Possingham ◽  
TC Chambers ◽  
F Radler ◽  
M Grncarevic
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Light Petroleum ◽  
Replica Technique ◽  
Carbon Replica ◽  
Cuticular Transpiration ◽  
Leaf Wax ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Platelet Structure

The fine structure of the surface wax of leaves of sultana vines (Vitia viiUJera var. sultana) has been examined using the carbon replica technique. Leaf wax was found to be morphologically similar to the wax on the surface of grapes and to consist of a series of overlapping platelets. A brief period (30 sec) of exposure to light petroleum vapour disorganized the platelet structure of both leaf and fruit wax. This treatment markedly increased the cuticular transpiration of both fruits and leaves. The results are discussed in relation to the known chemical composition of these waxes. It is suggested that the surface wax, which consists of overlapping platelets that are hydrophobic in nature, may be important in controlling cuticular transpiration in both the fruit and leaves of grape.vines.

scholarly journals Studies of the Fine Structure of the Wax Layer of Sultana Grapes

1963 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 818 ◽  
Author(s):  
TC Chambers ◽  
JV Possingham
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Replica Technique ◽  
Carbon Replica

The surface waxy bloom of sultana grapes has been studied using the carbon. replica technique in combination with electron microscopy. This layer consists of a series of overlapping wax platelets, each of which is about 0�1 f' wide. The air spaces between the wax platelets become filled with liquid when sultana berries are dipped in commercial emulsions known to accelerate their drying rate. Washing in distilled water removes this layer of dipping emulsion from the surface. The appearance of dipped and washed grapes is similar to that of untreated grapes.

scholarly journals The Surface Waxes of the Sultana Vine (Vitis Vinifera Cv. Thompson Seedless)

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Radler
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Light Petroleum ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Similar Composition ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Surface Waxes ◽  
Gasliquid Chromatography

The surface wax from leaves, fruits, and stems of the sultana vine obtained by extraction with cold chloroform has been analysed by chromatographic methods. The composition of the hydrocarbon, alcohol, and acid fractions was determined by gasliquid chromatography. No considerable changes in the amount of wax during fruit or leaf development has been observed. Leaves were found to have only 0�008-0�011 mg wax per square centimetre, whereas 0�09-0 �11 mg wax per square centimetre was found on grapes. The surface wax of grapes at all developmental stages contained oleanolic acid as the major constituent, but this compound was present only in small amounts on leaves. That part of all waxes soluble in light petroleum had a similar composition.

Surface Structure of Nucleated Animal Cells: Carbon Replicas

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 120-121
Author(s):  
Robert M. Glaeser ◽  
Thea B. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Replica Technique ◽  
Carbon Replica ◽  
Characteristic Particle ◽  
Cell Surface Structure ◽  
Carbon Replicas

The carbon-replica technique can be used to obtain information about cell-surface structure that cannot ordinarily be obtained by thin-section techniques. Mammalian erythrocytes have been studied by the replica technique and they appear to be characterized by a pebbly or “plaqued“ surface texture. The characteristic “particle” diameter is about 200 Å to 400 Å. We have now extended our observations on cell-surface structure to chicken and frog erythrocytes, which possess a broad range of cellular functions, and to normal rat lymphocytes and mouse ascites tumor cells, which are capable of cell division. In these experiments fresh cells were washed in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium Salt Solution (for suspension cultures) and one volume of a 10% cell suspension was added to one volume of 2% OsO4 or 5% gluteraldehyde in 0.067 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.3. Carbon replicas were obtained by a technique similar to that employed by Glaeser et al. Figure 1 shows an electron micrograph of a carbon replica made from a chicken erythrocyte, and Figure 2 shows an enlarged portion of the same cell.

scholarly journals The Effect of Elicitors and Canopy Management in the Chemical Composition of Vitis vinifera Red Varieties in Warm and Hot Areas in Spain

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1192
Author(s):  
Natalia Gutiérrez ◽  
Leyre López-de-Silanes ◽  
Carlos Escott ◽  
Iris Loira ◽  
Juan Manuel del Fresno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Fraction ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Phenolic Index ◽  
Canopy Management

Canopy management practices in vineyards, such as sprawling systems and shoot trimming, can change the accumulation of metabolites in grapes. The use of elicitors of biological origin on grapevines of Vitis vinifera red grape varieties may also modulate the chemical composition of the berries. These modifications are often observed in the accumulation of phenolic compounds, including pigments. Both technical approaches are alternatives involved in minimizing the effects of global climate change in warm areas. The increase of temperature related to climate change accelerates the accumulation of sugars, but produces unbalanced grapes. This work establishes the use of button sensors to monitor the climate changes occurring at grape cluster level. Together with climate monitoring, conventional instrumental analytical techniques are used to follow up the chemical composition and the phenolic fraction of grapes in four different production areas in Spain. The effect of either treatment seems variable and to be affected by external factors besides the treatment itself and the climate conditions. While there is a fine effect that correlates with the use of elicitors in varieties like Merlot and Tempranillo, there is minimal improvement observed in Tintilla de Rota. The total phenolic index increases were between 2.3% and 11.8% in the first two parcels. The same happened with the vineyard’s canopy management systems, with increased pigment accumulation and the total phenolic index rising (37.7% to 68.7%) after applying intense shoot trimming, or a variation in sugar concentrations when using sprawl conduction. This study aims to provide viticulturists and oenologists in particular, and farmers in general, with data on the field regarding the use of alternative sustainable practices in the cultivation of grapes. The techniques used involved 100% natural products without adjuvants. The benefits obtained from applying some of these practices would be to produce technically mature grapes despite climate changes, and the elaboration of more balanced wines.

scholarly journals Impact of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the chemical composition, bioactive properties, and cytotoxicity of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Syrah grape pomace extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1856-1869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana R. Costa ◽  
Manuela Amorim ◽  
Ana Vilas-Boas ◽  
Renata V. Tonon ◽  
Lourdes M. C. Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Bioactive Properties

Grape pomace (GP) is a major byproduct worldwide, and it is well known for its bioactive compounds, such as fibers and phenolic compounds, that are popular for their impact upon human health, including in gastrointestinal health.

In vitro studies on the fine structure of epicuticular leaf wax from Pseudotsuga menziesii

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Lister ◽  
B. W. Thair
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Chloroform Solution ◽  
Scale Construction ◽  
Leaf Wax ◽  
Wax Crystal ◽  
Wax Crystals

The epicuticular leaf wax of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) was recrystallized from chloroform solution in vitro. The striated, tubular forms were reconstituted in sizes which included that observed in vivo, indicating that the final dimensions and morphology of the wax crystals are functions of physical properties of the component molecules, rather than an enzyme-dependent polymerization. Subsequent evaluation of all observations and data formed the basis for the scale construction of a model of the tubular wax crystal.

Investigation of the chemical composition and biological activity of edible grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaf varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 686-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diandra Pintać ◽  
Dragana Četojević-Simin ◽  
Sanja Berežni ◽  
Dejan Orčić ◽  
Neda Mimica-Dukić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L

Diurnal appearance, fine structure, and chemical composition of fatty particles inHeterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae)

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 137 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wada ◽  
Y. Hara ◽  
M. Kato ◽  
M. Yamada ◽  
T. Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Chemical Composition
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