In vitro studies on the fine structure of epicuticular leaf wax from Pseudotsuga menziesii

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Lister ◽  
B. W. Thair
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Chloroform Solution ◽  
Scale Construction ◽  
Leaf Wax ◽  
Wax Crystal ◽  
Wax Crystals

The epicuticular leaf wax of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) was recrystallized from chloroform solution in vitro. The striated, tubular forms were reconstituted in sizes which included that observed in vivo, indicating that the final dimensions and morphology of the wax crystals are functions of physical properties of the component molecules, rather than an enzyme-dependent polymerization. Subsequent evaluation of all observations and data formed the basis for the scale construction of a model of the tubular wax crystal.

scholarly journals Experimental and theoretical explorations of nanocarriers’ multistep delivery performance for rational design and anticancer prediction

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. eaba2458
Author(s):  
Weier Bao ◽  
Falin Tian ◽  
Chengliang Lyu ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Delivery Performance ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Multistep Process

The poor understanding of the complex multistep process taken by nanocarriers during the delivery process limits the delivery efficiencies and further hinders the translation of these systems into medicine. Here, we describe a series of six self-assembled nanocarrier types with systematically altered physical properties including size, shape, and rigidity, as well as both in vitro and in vivo analyses of their performance in blood circulation, tumor penetration, cancer cell uptake, and anticancer efficacy. We also developed both data and simulation-based models for understanding the influence of physical properties, both individually and considered together, on each delivery step and overall delivery process. Thus, beyond finding that nanocarriers that are simultaneously endowed with tubular shape, short length, and low rigidity outperformed the other types, we now have a suit of theoretical models that can predict how nanocarrier properties will individually and collectively perform in the multistep delivery of anticancer therapies.

Impact of PEG Chain Length on the Physical Properties and Bioactivity of PEGylated Chitosan/siRNA Nanoparticles in Vitro and in Vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 12203-12216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanxu Yang ◽  
Shan Gao ◽  
Frederik Dagnæs-Hansen ◽  
Maria Jakobsen ◽  
Jørgen Kjems
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Peg Chain Length

scholarly journals THE FINE STRUCTURE OF EMBRYONIC CHICK SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS DIFFERENTIATED IN VITRO

1967 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shimada ◽  
D. A. Fischman ◽  
A. A. Moscona
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Developing Muscle

Dissociated myoblasts from 12-day chick embryos were cultured in monolayer, and the differentiation of skeletal muscle cells was studied by electron microscopy. The results have revealed a striking ultrastructural similarity between the in vivo and the in vitro developing muscle, particularly with respect to the myofibrils and sarcoplasmic reticulum. This study demonstrates that all the characteristic organelles of mature skeletal muscle can develop in vitro in the absence of nerves.

scholarly journals Physical properties and biocompatibility of an injectable calcium-silicate-based root canal sealer: in vitro and in vivo study

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Su Lim ◽  
Young-Bae Park ◽  
Young-Sun Kwon ◽  
Won-Jun Shon ◽  
Kwang-Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Root Canal Sealer

scholarly journals Parameterization of physical properties of layered body structure into equivalent circuit model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiho Lee ◽  
Sung Park
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Circuit Model ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Layered Body

Abstract BackgroundThis study presents a novel technique to develop an equivalent circuit model (ECM) for analyzing the responses of the layered body structure to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) by parameterizing electrical and geometrical properties. Many classical ECMs use custom meta-parameters instead of the physically driven parameters because of the difficulty in projecting physical properties directly into ECM. However, the difference in what parameters are customized hampers general agreement in modeling the responses to TENS. To overcome this limitation, we propose a tissue property-based (TPB) approach for the direct parameterization of the layered body structure.ResultsThe proposed method was first validated through in vitro phantom studies and then was applied in-vivo to analyze the TENS on the forearm. The TPB-ECM calculated the impedance network in the forearm and corresponding the responses to TENS. In addition, the modeled impedance was in good agreement with well-known impedance properties that have been achieved empirically.ConclusionsThe TPB approach uses the physical parameters instead of meta-parameters, thus overcoming the disagreement problem of conventional ECMs. Therefore, the TPB-ECM has a potential for widely-applicable TENS analysis and could provide impactful guidance in the TENS parameter design.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and fungicidal effect of ethanol extracts from Juniperus sabina, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Cephalotaxus harringtonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
V. V. Zazharskyi ◽  
P. О. Davydenko ◽  
O. М. Kulishenko ◽  
I. V. Borovik ◽  
A. M. Kabar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Juniperus Sabina

We determined a high antibacterial effect of ethanol extracts of four species of gymnosperms (Juniperus sabina, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Cephalotaxus harringtonia) against 23 strains of bacteria of families Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhimurium, S. adobraco, Proteus vulgaris, P. mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae), Staphylococcaceae (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis), Yersiniaceae (Yersinia enterocolitica), Bacillaceae (Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus), Listeriaceae (Listeria ivanovi, L. іnnocua, L. monocytogenes), Corynebacteriaceae (Corynebacterium xerosis), Campylobacteraceae (Campylobacter jejuni), Nocardiaceae (Rhodococcus equi), Pseudomonadaceae (Pseudomonas аeruginosa) and one strain of fungi of the Saccharomycetaceae family (Candida albicans). The experiment in vitro revealed zone of inhibition of growth of colonies, measuring over 8 mm, produced by ethanol extracts from J. sabina against seven species of bacteria (S. aureus, B. subtilis, B. cereus, L. іnnocua, C. xerosis, Rh. equi and P. аeruginosa), Ch. lawsoniana – against five species (E. coli, B. subtilis, L. іnnocua and Rh. equi), P. menziesii –two species (Rh. equi and P. mirabilis), C. harringtonia – ten species of microorganisms (E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, L. ivanovi, L. monocytogenes, C. xerosis, C. jejuni, P. vulgaris, S. marcescens and C. albicans). As a result of the research, the most promising plants for further in vivo study of antibacterial activity were C. harringtonia and J. sabina.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF BUDESONIDE PELLETS CONTAINING NATURAL GUMS FOR COLON TARGETING

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2825-2831
Author(s):  
Rijawan Rajjak Pathan
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Solvent Mixture ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus ◽  
Vitro Release ◽  
Natural Gum

Pellets formulation with natural gums. The formulation of an enzyme as well as pH dependant pellets containing natural gums such as Mornings oleifera gum Lam. (MOG) and Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum Taub. (CTG) were used for enzyme dependant release and further coating is provided to shows colon-specific delivery. Extrusion and spheronization techniques were used for the preparation of pellets. Pellets of budesonide evaluated for various properties such as flow behavior, physical properties such as sphericity, roundness, aspect ratio, hardness, and friability also investigated in vitro and in vivo targeting in rabbit. Preparation of pellets was done by using extrusion and spheronization method with the use of optimized concentration of gums those were 7.5% and 10% for CTG and MOG respectively and proportion of solvent mixture of water and Isopropyl alcohol in the ratio of 80:20. Pellets of budesonide evaluated for various properties includes flow behavior, physical properties such as sphericity, roundness, aspect ratio, hardness, and friability and found that all properties as per official limit also in vitro release study found that release of uncoated pellets in a sustained manner in 0.1N HCl for 2h due to swelling of natural gum, therefore further step of the coating was done in fluidized bed coater to prevent the release of drug in the upper part of GIT and after coating found that In vitro release of drug at the colonic environment and it confirmed with in vivo investigation in rabbit with X-ray examination of targeting and found that pellets reach at colonic part without disintegration. The use of natural gums for preparation of pellets in optimized concentration and wetting agent produce a formulation with all required chemical and physical properties and it gives effective in vitro release and also shows In vivo targeting in rabbit and due to use of natural gum for preparation of pellets also reduce some problems of metabolism of synthetic excipients.

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