scholarly journals Acid Metabolism in Atriplex I. Regulation of Oxalate Synthesis by the Apparent Excess Cation Absorption in Leaf Tissue

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
CB Osmond
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Level ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Cation Content ◽  
Oxalate Synthesis ◽  
Semi Arid

The leaves of AtripZe:c and eight related genera of the Chenopodiaceae from semi-arid Australia oontained high levels of oxalate. Most of the oxalate was in the soluble form and was correlated with high cation content generally rather than with calcium level. In water-culture experiments calcium absorption and oxalate synthesis varied independently.

scholarly journals Growth responses of seedlings produced by parent seeds from specific altitudes

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 2121-2127
Author(s):  
Valasia Iakovoglou ◽  
Ioannis Takos ◽  
Georgia Pantazi ◽  
Aikaterini Pipsou ◽  
Maria Neofotistou
Keyword(s):  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Quercus Coccifera ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Controlled Irrigation ◽  
Seedling Characteristics ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Restoration activities in semi-arid Mediterranean areas like Greece face many obstacles, such as summer droughts that are becoming more intense with climate change, that pose limitations to transplanting success. Seedlings for restoration must be of high quality; a vigorous root system is critical to enable seedlings to tolerate adverse conditions. Here we investigated the effects of altitude and source parent for seeds on the growth of subsequent seedlings to determine the best seed sources for obtaining highest-quality, most-tolerant seedlings for restoration efforts. Seeds of Quercus coccifera L. were collected on an altitudinal gradient of 50 m (200, 250 and 300 m a.s.l.) and from specific parents at each altitude. Subsequent seedlings were grown for 3 months in a greenhouse with controlled irrigation. The results indicated a strong altitudinal and parental seed effect on seedling characteristics. As altitude decreased, biomass of the seedlings increased, and they developed more vigorous roots and more photosynthetic leaf tissue. Thus, altitude and parent are critical factors to consider when producing seed-derived seedling. By collecting seeds from a specific altitude and parent, more vigorous and stress-tolerant seedlings can be obtained to enhance transplanting success.

scholarly journals Anaerobic digestion of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism plants: Exploring alternative feedstocks for semi-arid lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 122262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khemmathin Lueangwattanapong ◽  
Fariza Ammam ◽  
P. Michael Mason ◽  
Caragh Whitehead ◽  
Simon J. McQueen-Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Arid Lands ◽  
Alternative Feedstocks ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals The potential of CAM crops as a globally significant bioenergy resource: moving from ‘fuel or food’ to ‘fuel and more food’

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2320-2329 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Michael Mason ◽  
Katherine Glover ◽  
J. Andrew C. Smith ◽  
Kathy J. Willis ◽  
Jeremy Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Arid Land ◽  
Semi Arid

4–15% of the 2.5 bn ha of semi-arid land globally could generate 59 PW h year−1of electricity without reducing food production, enough to make a major difference to global GHG emissions. The key is anaerobic digestion of a class of understudied, under-developed and hyper-water-efficient plants that use the crassulacean acid metabolism.

scholarly journals Anatomical studies on medicinal and endangered CAM plants of Milkweed family from Thar Desert, Rajasthan, India.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 2115
Author(s):  
Arora Sunita ◽  
Meena Sonam
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Thar Desert ◽  
Cam Plants ◽  
Habitat Condition ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Phloem Fibers ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

The present investigation was carried out to screen anatomical features of Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br., Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb. var. bulbosa and var. lushii (Grah.), belonging to family Asclepiadaceae. Plant specimens were collected from semi-arid region of Thar Desert in Rajasthan. These plants are medicinally important and endangered, have been traditionally used as an antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancerous and antioxidant. Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. is used to cure diarrhoea, oedema and tuberculosis. Ceropegia species is used to cure deafness. Tubers are used in the treatment of kidney stone, urinary tracts diseases and eaten by ladies to enhance fertility and viability. The microscopical illustrations revealed interesting features i.e. presence of stone cells, rosette crystals, oil globules, phloem fibers, intraxylary phloem, pericycle patches, large medullary rays, annular vessels, more amount of palisade, mesophyll and multi-cellular trichomes etc. These features supported the habitat condition of Thar Desert and its Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) nature. This study provides referential pharmaco-botanical information for identification, authentication, standardization and detection of adaptation strategies and to develop a protocol to conserve them for further use.

VARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN CALCIUM LEVEL IN LEAVES OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. McEvoy
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Radioactivity Measurement ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
White Gold ◽  
Chemical Assay

Radioactivity measurement of leaf samples of tobacco plants following a 6-day absorption period in Ca45-labelled nutrient solution was found to be a rapid test for varietal differences in calcium uptake. Using this method, significant differences in the uptake of calcium were found among varieties and strains of flue-cured tobacco and the ranking of the calcium uptake potential of five strains of tobacco agreed with that obtained by chemical assay. The concentration of Ca45 in the leaf tissue was highest in Delcrest and Hicks, lowest in White Mammoth, and intermediate in Virginia Gold, White Gold, and Jadel. The same ranking of these varieties was obtained when the plants were grown in soil with added Ca45 for a 7-week absorption period. The importance of these tests is based on the findings of other workers that leaf content of calcium is inversely related to quality.

scholarly journals High-Yield Production of Receptor Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Linked to Bacterial Flagellin in Plants Using Self-Replicating Viral Vector pEff

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2682
Author(s):  
Eugenia S. Mardanova ◽  
Roman Y. Kotlyarov ◽  
Nikolai V. Ravin
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Fresh Leaf

The development of recombinant vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is required to eliminate the COVID-19 pandemic. We reported the expression of a recombinant protein Flg-RBD comprising receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (RBD) fused to flagellin of Salmonella typhimurium (Flg), known as mucosal adjuvant, in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The fusion protein, targeted to the cytosol, was transiently expressed using the self-replicating vector pEff based on potato virus X genome. The recombinant protein Flg-RBD was expressed at the level of about 110–140 μg per gram of fresh leaf tissue and was found to be insoluble. The fusion protein was purified using metal affinity chromatography under denaturing conditions. To increase the yield of Flg-RBD, the flow-through fraction obtained after loading of the protein sample on the Ni-NTA resin was re-loaded on the sorbent. The yield of Flg-RBD after purification reached about 100 μg per gram of fresh leaf tissue and the purified protein remained soluble after dialysis. The control flagellin was expressed in a soluble form and its yield after purification was about 300 μg per gram of fresh leaf biomass. Plant-produced Flg-RBD protein could be further used for the development of intranasal recombinant mucosal vaccines against COVID-19.

Sexual dimorphism in reproductive allocation and water use efficiency in Maireana pyramidata (Chenopodiaceae), a dioecious, semi-arid shrub

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Leigh ◽  
Adrienne B. Nicotra
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Allocation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid

Sexual dimorphism in dioecious plant species is widely attributed to the differential impacts of reproduction on male v. female plants. We investigated sexual dimorphism in reproductive, morphological and physiological traits of Maireana pyramidata (Benth.) Paul G.Wilson (Chenopodiaceae), a dioecious, semi-arid shrub endemic to Australia. We estimated reproductive allocation for each sex by calculating the relative biomass allocated to flowers and fruits per gram of leaf tissue, based on one branch per sample plant. Morphological measurements included leaf mass, stem mass, specific leaf area, plant height and plant leaf area index. We also measured leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll, gas exchange and Δ13C. Reproductive allocation was nine times greater in females than in males. No significant difference between the sexes in photosynthetic rate or transpiration could be detected but instantaneous water use efficiency (photosynthesis/transpiration) was significantly lower in females than in males during the fruiting period. Δ13C did not differ between the sexes. The results indicate that greater reproductive allocation in females has an immediate impact on their capacity for conservative water use but does not lead to long-term differences in water use efficiency.

scholarly journals El metabolismo ácido de las crasuláceas: diversidad, fisiología ambiental y productividad

2017 ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Andrade ◽  
Erick De la Barrera ◽  
Casandra Reyes-García ◽  
M. Fernanda Ricalde ◽  
Gustavo Vargas-Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Cam Plants ◽  
Low Co2 ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Great Species ◽  
Semi Arid

Mexico possesses a great species diversity of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) plants. These plants can grow in places where water is infrequent, such as arid and semi-arid zones, and tree canopies, or as aquatic plants in places with low CO2 availability. This review presents methodological, evolutionary, ecological, and physiological aspects on CAM plants. Also, it shows data from recent studies related to the environmental effect on changes in the photosynthesis CAM. Finally, we made a consideration about the lack of studies on the physiology of CAM plants in Mexico despite its enormous diversity.

Effects of vitamin D receptor inactivation on the expression of calbindins and calcium metabolism

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. E558-E564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Chun Li ◽  
Merry J. G. Bolt ◽  
Li-Ping Cao ◽  
Michael D. Sitrin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Calcium Handling ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
High Calcium

Hypocalcemia, rickets, and osteomalacia are major phenotypic abnormalities in vitamin D receptor (VDR)-null mice. In an attempt to understand the abnormal regulation of calcium metabolism in these animals, we examined the expression of calbindins (CaBP) as well as calcium handling in the intestine and kidney of VDR null mice. In adult VDR-null mice, intestinal and renal CaBP-D9k expression was reduced by 50 and 90%, respectively, at both the mRNA and protein levels compared with wild-type littermates, whereas renal CaBP-D28k expression was not significantly changed. Intestinal calcium absorption was measured by the rate of45Ca disappearance from the intestine after an oral dose of the isotope. 45Ca absorption was similar in VDR-null and wild-type mice, but the amount of 45Ca accumulated in the serum and bone was 3–4 times higher in wild-type mice than in VDR-null mice. Despite the hypocalcemia, the urinary excretion of calcium in VDR-null mice was not different from that in wild-type mice. Moreover, 1 wk of a high-calcium diet treatment that normalized the serum ionized calcium level of VDR-null mice increased the urinary calcium level of these mutant mice to twofold higher than that of wild-type mice on the same diet, suggesting impaired renal calcium conservation in VDR-null mice. These data demonstrate that renal CaBP-D9k, but not CaBP-D28k, is highly regulated by the VDR-mediated action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Furthermore, the results also suggest that impaired calcium conservation in the kidney may be the most important factor contributing to the development of hypocalcemia in VDR-null mice, and CaBP-D9k may be an important mediator of calcium reabsorption in the kidney.

scholarly journals Acid Metabolism in Atriplex II. Oxalate Synthesis During Acid Metabolism in the Dark

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 917 ◽  
Author(s):  
CB Osmond ◽  
P N Avadhani
Keyword(s):  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Isocitrate Lyase ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Glycolate Oxidase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phosphoenol Pyruvate ◽  
Dark Fixation ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates ◽  
Oxalate Synthesis

Malate and aspartate, labelled in the C-4 position, were the only stable products of short-term dark 14C02 fixation in Atriplex spongiosa leaves. Label was subsequently transferred to citrate, glutamate, and other amino acids. Oxalate was slowly labelled during dark fixation and was a major labelled product after 18 hr. The accumulation of label in oxalate and other acids was inhibited by 20 Mm malonate suggesting that oxalate stemmed from tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Oxalate was slowly labelled during metabolism of [U-14C]glucose and [1,5- 14C]citrate, but [1_14C]glyoxylate was readily oxidized to oxalate. These data are consistent with oxalate production from glyoxylate derived from isocitrate during dark acid metabolism. Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase, isocitrate lyase, and glycolate oxidase activity in cell-free extracts of A. spongiosa leaves provided further evidence for this pathway.

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