scholarly journals The Effect Of Carbon Dioxide Treatment Of Seeds On Flowering In Subterranean Clover

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
AE Grant Lipp ◽  
LAT Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Seed Testing ◽  
Low Concentrations

Dormancy breaking in the germination of .small-seeded legumes by low concentrations of CO2 has been reported by Ballard (1958) and Grant Lipp and Ballard (1959). They suggested the usefulness of this treatment in seed testing, and for securing uniform material for experimental purposes. Any possible effect which this treatment may have on flowering would be unimportant in the former application; but in some instances would be of relevance for the latter (cf. Morley and Evans 1959).

scholarly journals Studies of Dormancy in the Seeds of Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterraneum L.) II. The Interaction of Time, Temperature, and Carbon Dioxide During Passage Out of Dormancy

1961 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAT Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Temperature Dependent

The dormancy-breaking action of C02 on imbibed seeds of subterranean clover ('1'rijolium 8ubterraneum L.) is temperature dependent, the efficiency falling off sharrlly above 25�C and approaching zero at 30�C. Within the effective temp. erature range the action is rapid, exposure of seeds to CO2 for 6 hr having signifiC!,fit effect.

scholarly journals Studies of Dormancy in the Seeds of Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterraneum L.)

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAT Ballard ◽  
AE Grant Lipp
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

When imbibed dormant subterranean clover seeds were exposed to low concentrations of oxygen for up to 6 days, and then transferred to either air or 100% oxygen atmospheres, germination was markedly increased above that of seeds held only in air. Stimulation of germination was similar whether the atmosphere of the second phase was air or 100% oxygen; it was maximal when that of the first phase contained no oxygen, and became insignificant above concentrations in the region of 5% oxygen. The additional germination was roughly proportional to the duration of exposure to low oxygen concentrations, and the effects of two separated exposures to low oxygen were additive. These effects could be produced only in those dormant samples whose seeds or embryos could also be made germinable by exposure to 2�5% carbon dioxide. At higher temperatures, anaerobic conditions were less effective in breaking dormancy, paralleling the reduced efficacy of carbon dioxide at these temperatures.

Dry Cleaning with Liquid Carbon Dioxide

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Textile Processing ◽  
Dry Cleaning ◽  
Green Cleaning ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Liquid Co2 ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
High Pressure Equipment

The process of cleaning one item invariably involves making something else dirty. Whether that something else is an organic or halogenated solvent, soapy water, or a rag, we seldom address the dirtying that accompanies any cleaning process. If we are to achieve environmentally benign cleaning, we must look at the life cycle of solvents employed for cleaning, including the potential for recycling, reuse, or release into the environment. Truly “green” cleaning processes not only minimize the amount of waste generated; but also they prevent the dispersal of that waste into large amounts of solvent, water, soil, or air. Dense-phase carbon dioxide is a great cleaning solvent from a pollution-prevention viewpoint. By-product CO2 generated by other industrial processes can be captured, so it is not necessary to generate CO2 specifically for cleaning. Spills of CO2 will not contaminate groundwater or create a need for soil remediation. Carbon dioxide even has advantages for the work environment, since no chronic, harmful effects are known from repeated inhalation of low concentrations of CO2. The barriers to using CO2 as a cleaning solvent have centered around two issues: the expense of high-pressure equipment and the poor solubility of many contaminants in CO2. Micell Technologies, Inc., based in Raleigh, NC, has addressed the equipment issue by using liquid CO2 just below ambient temperature (∼18–22 °C) and vapor pressure (∼50 bar). The equipment needed to contain this pressure is considerably less expensive than that needed for supercritical CO2 processes. As for the second barrier, Micell has surfactant packages that enhance the ability of CO2 to dissolve many contaminants commonly found on clothes or on metal parts. Micell is in the process of designing and bringing to market integrated CO2 solutions, including equipment and appropriate chemistries, to replace the organic solvents or water traditionally used in garment dry cleaning, metal degreasing, and textile processing. Dry cleaning is a bit of a misnomer, in that clothes are cleaned in a liquid solvent. “Dry” simply means that exposure of a garment, such as a wool suit or silk blouse, to water is minimized to prevent damage to hydrophilic fibers.

The Photometabolism of glucose in Chlorella

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Whittingham ◽  
Margaret Bermingham ◽  
R. G. Hiller
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Calvin Cycle ◽  
Sugar Phosphate ◽  
Radioactive Carbon ◽  
Low Concentrations

Uniformly labelled radioactive glucose was fed to Chlorella cells in the presence of non-radioactive carbon dioxide. The concentration of carbon dioxide was varied and the distribution of radioactivity determined in the light. At low concentrations of carbon dioxide much of the radioactivity appeared in glycollate or derivatives thereform. By contrast, at higher concentrations of carbon dioxide, most of the radioactivity appeared in sucrose. If the concentration of oxygen was increased above that normally present in air, there was relatively more activity in glycollate. The effect of the addition of isoniazid in these conditions was also investigated. It was concluded that glucose fed to Chlorella exogenously is metabolised in the light in Chlorella via sugar phosphate intermediates of the Calvin cycle.

Thymidine incorporation into Rhizobium meliloti

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Behki ◽  
S. M. Lesley
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Aminoisobutyric Acid ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Thymidine is rapidly catabolized to thymine, β-aminoisobutyric acid, and carbon dioxide by Rhizobium meliloti cells. The incorporation of labelled thymidine into the DNA of R. meliloti cells can be enhanced by the addition of low concentrations (10–20β μg/mL) of deoxyadenosine or other nucleosides (adenosine, uridine, guanosine). However, at high concentrations (>50 μg/mL) these compounds inhibit thymidine incorporation. Conditions to obtain highly radioactive DNA of Rhizobium are described.

Further experiments on the value of dissolved organic matter as food for Siboglinum fiordicum (Pogonophora)

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Southward ◽  
Eve C. Southward ◽  
T. Brattegard ◽  
T. Bakke
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Volatile Organic Acids ◽  
Almost All

Adult and larval stages of Siboglinum fiordicum, collected from 32 to 35 m depth, accumulate measurable quantities of amino acids and glucose from low concentrations. The amino acids are absorbed against a considerable gradient. The glucose and the amino acids are metabolized in the tissues and substantial amounts are respired to give carbon dioxide or volatile organic acids. Under the experimental conditions almost all the metabolism follows aerobic pathways.

Susceptibility of Japanese pears to low concentrations of ethylene during storage

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Szczerbanik ◽  
K. J. Scott ◽  
J. E. Paton ◽  
D. J. Best
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pyrus Pyrifolia ◽  
Green Colour ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Internal Browning ◽  
Term Storage

The ‘Nijisseiki’ cultivar of Japanese pears (Pyrus pyrifolia) is also known as nashi in Australia. Nashi were exposed to levels of <0.005, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 µL/L of ethylene in air during 26 weeks storage at 0°C. Levels of ethylene as low as 0.01 µL/L increased chlorophyll loss and visual green colour. Increasing ethylene levels also increased softening and internal browning, although flesh spot decay was reduced in the presence of ethylene. While it would be worthwhile to remove ethylene during long-term storage of ‘Nijisseiki’ in air, another alternative, adding 2% carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, is suggested as a possible low cost means to overcome the ripening effect of ethylene.

Infrared Gas Analyzer for Low Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide

1952 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Watkins ◽  
C. L. Gemmill
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer

scholarly journals Stress-induced Ethanol Production in Fresh Fruit and Vegetables

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 635d-635
Author(s):  
Charles F. Forney ◽  
Michael A. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Off Flavors ◽  
High Concentrations

Fresh fruits and vegetables produce ethanol when they are held in atmospheres containing low concentrations of oxygen. Ethanol concentrations in the headspace of fresh Brassica vegetables held 24 hours in nitrogen at 20°C ranged from 5 to 110 mmol·m–3. The absence of oxygen induced anaerobic respiration and the production of ethanol in these vegetables. However, other stresses, including heat and high concentrations of carbon dioxide, can also stimulate the production of ethanol in fresh fruits and vegetables held in aerobic atmospheres. Fresh heads of broccoli dipped in 52°C water had increased concentrations of headspace ethanol 2 hours after treatment when held at 20°C in air. Concentrations were 6, 160, and 490 times greater in broccoli treated for 1, 2, or 3 minutes than in nontreated controls, respectively. Fruit of three highbush blueberry cultivars held in 25% carbon dioxide for 6 weeks at 0°C had 80 to 190 times more ethanol than fruit held in air. The 25% carbon dioxide atmosphere also induced blueberries to soften and develop off-flavors. Ethanol may be a fast and easy-to-measure indicator of physiological stress in stored fresh fruits and vegetables. Monitoring induced ethanol production could identify injurious storage environments or postharvest treatments. Possible mechanisms of stress-induced ethanol production will be discussed.

scholarly journals Gaseous health hazards in livestock confinement buildings

1987 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhani Kangas ◽  
Kyösti Louhelainen ◽  
Kaj Husman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Threshold Limit Value ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Livestock Building ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Mean Concentration

Gas concentrations were measured on 16 farms (eight cattle farms, five piggeries, three poultry yards) mainly during wintertime. The gases were ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and other sulfides. The mean concentrations of ammonia varied between 8—43 cm3/m3 in the air of livestock building. In the poultry yards the mean concentration of ammonia was highest; it was lower in piggeries and especially in cowhouses. Carbon dioxide concentrations were 500—3500 cm3/m3 in cowhouses, 1000—4000 cm3/m3 in hoghouses and 600—4000 cm3/m3 in poultry yards. Very low concentrations of methane and sulfur compounds were found in the livestock confinement buildings. It is obvious that in normal working situations only ammonia of the measured gases exceeds the threshold limit value (25 cm3/m3). High ammonia concentrations can be expected in the floor type poultry confinement buildings especially when manure is left on the floor for several months. In such cases effective mechanical ventilation is the only way to keep the ammonia level acceptable.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document