scholarly journals Simulation of Genetic Systems by Automatic Digital Computers II. Effects of Linkage on Rates of Advance Under Selection

1957 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 492 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Electronic Computer ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
Qualitative Effect ◽  
Digital Computers

Rates of progress of single populations under selection pressure have been simulated by an automatic electronic computer. Varying intensities of selection and tightness of linkage are compared, showing that linkage produces no qualitative effect on the rates of advance at values greater than 0�005, i.e. 0�5 per cent. recombination.

Your Life in Binary Digits

Digitized ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Electronic Computer ◽  
Electrical Engineering ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Monday Morning ◽  
Lecture Room ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The University ◽  
Digital Computers

Your ideas, money, memories, and entertainment are dreams in the minds of computers. But the thoughts of each computer are not simple, they are layered like our own minds. Their lowest, most primitive layers are the instincts of the machine. Middle layers perform more general functions of its silicon mind. Higher layers think about overall concepts. Unlike us, the computer has languages for every layer. We can teach it new ideas by changing any one or all of its layers of thought. We can tell it to consider vast and convoluted concepts. But if we make a single mistake in our instructions, the mind of our digital slave may crash in a virtual epileptic fit. When our silicon students are so pedantic, how can we engineer their thoughts to make them reliable and trustworthy assistants? And if their thoughts become more complicated than anything we can imagine, how can we guarantee they will do what we want them to? . . . Light poured in through the large windows of the lecture room. The sound of scratching pens from nearly thirty distinguished engineers and scientists accompanied every word spoken by John Mauchly. One fellow by the name of Gard from the Wright Field’s Armament Laboratory seemed to be especially diligent, writing hundreds of pages of notes. It was Monday morning, a warm mid-summer day of 1946, some three years after his stimulating tea-time discussions with Turing. Claude Shannon was three weeks into the eight-week course at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering, in the University of Pennsylvania. It had been an honour to be one of the select few invited to hear lectures on designing electronic digital computers. This was the first ever course to be taught on computer science, and Shannon was finding many of the ideas highly stimulating. He’d recently learned a new word from Mauchly: ‘program’ used as a verb. To program an electronic computer was an interesting concept. He was also hearing about some of the politics: apparently two of the lecturers, Mauchly and his colleague Eckert, had resigned from the university just four months ago because of some form of disagreement.

scholarly journals Simulation of Genetic Systems by Automatic Digital Computers I. Introduction

1957 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Multifactorial Inheritance ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
Digital Computers

Methods of setting automatic digital computers to simulate the algebraic aspects of reproduction, segregation, and selection are discussed. The application of these methods to the problem of the importance of linkage in multifactorial inheritance is illustrated by results from the SILLIAC.

scholarly journals Simulation of Genetic Systems by Automatic Digital Computers IV. Selection Between Alleles at a Sex-Linked Locus

1958 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
JSF Barker
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Digital Computer ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
Digital Computers

A programme simulating selection between two alleles at a sex�linked locus has been developed for an automatic digital computer (the SILLIAC). It introduces selection and chance effects at four stages of the life cycle.

scholarly journals Simulation of Genetic Systems by Automatic Digital Computers VII. Effects of Reproductive Ra'l'e, and Intensity of Selection, on Genetic Structure

1960 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Monte Carlo Methods ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
Digital Computers

Simulation by Monte Carlo methods of the effect of selection against pheno. typic extremes has shown that selection can produce a degree of genetic canali� zation which is more restrictive than that indicated by the limits of selection, showing that canalization of a rigid degree can be caused by loose selection.

scholarly journals Simulation of Genetic Systems by Automatic Digital Computers VI. Epistasis

1960 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Monte Carlo Methods ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Digital Computers

Simulation, by Monte Carlo methods, of the effect on the genotype of seleotion against phenotypic extremes has shown that selection will lead to fixation of a simple additive genetic system at an extremely slow rate in all but very small populations. In oomplex epistatio systems, such selection operates to modify the relation of the genotype to the phenotype. The relationship beoomes an S�shaped function. The efficienoy of seleotion is independent of population size. The deviation from initial gene frequencies due to selection is far less per unit decrease of phenotypio variability in the epistatic than in the additive lines.

1022-P: Quantitative and Qualitative Effect of Dulaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Under Treatment with Liraglutide

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1022-P
Author(s):  
ALEXIOS SOTIROPOULOS ◽  
ANASTASIOS KOUTSOVASILIS ◽  
ANASTASIA ANTONIOU ◽  
STAVROS BOUSBOULAS ◽  
THEODOROS PEPPAS
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Qualitative Effect ◽  
Diabetes Patients

968-P: Long-Term Quantitative and Qualitative Effect of Dulaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 968-P
Author(s):  
ANASTASIOS KOUTSOVASILIS ◽  
ALEXIOS SOTIROPOULOS ◽  
MARIA PAPPA ◽  
THEODOROS PEPPAS
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Qualitative Effect ◽  
Diabetes Patients
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