scholarly journals Simulation of Genetic Systems by Automatic Digital Computers I. Introduction

1957 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Multifactorial Inheritance ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
Digital Computers

Methods of setting automatic digital computers to simulate the algebraic aspects of reproduction, segregation, and selection are discussed. The application of these methods to the problem of the importance of linkage in multifactorial inheritance is illustrated by results from the SILLIAC.

scholarly journals Simulation of Genetic Systems by Automatic Digital Computers IV. Selection Between Alleles at a Sex-Linked Locus

1958 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
JSF Barker
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Digital Computer ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
Digital Computers

A programme simulating selection between two alleles at a sex�linked locus has been developed for an automatic digital computer (the SILLIAC). It introduces selection and chance effects at four stages of the life cycle.

scholarly journals Simulation of Genetic Systems by Automatic Digital Computers II. Effects of Linkage on Rates of Advance Under Selection

1957 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 492 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Electronic Computer ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
Qualitative Effect ◽  
Digital Computers

Rates of progress of single populations under selection pressure have been simulated by an automatic electronic computer. Varying intensities of selection and tightness of linkage are compared, showing that linkage produces no qualitative effect on the rates of advance at values greater than 0�005, i.e. 0�5 per cent. recombination.

scholarly journals Simulation of Genetic Systems by Automatic Digital Computers VII. Effects of Reproductive Ra'l'e, and Intensity of Selection, on Genetic Structure

1960 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Monte Carlo Methods ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
Digital Computers

Simulation by Monte Carlo methods of the effect of selection against pheno. typic extremes has shown that selection can produce a degree of genetic canali� zation which is more restrictive than that indicated by the limits of selection, showing that canalization of a rigid degree can be caused by loose selection.

scholarly journals Simulation of Genetic Systems by Automatic Digital Computers VI. Epistasis

1960 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Monte Carlo Methods ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Digital Computers

Simulation, by Monte Carlo methods, of the effect on the genotype of seleotion against phenotypic extremes has shown that selection will lead to fixation of a simple additive genetic system at an extremely slow rate in all but very small populations. In oomplex epistatio systems, such selection operates to modify the relation of the genotype to the phenotype. The relationship beoomes an S�shaped function. The efficienoy of seleotion is independent of population size. The deviation from initial gene frequencies due to selection is far less per unit decrease of phenotypio variability in the epistatic than in the additive lines.

QTL Mapping and Analysis Based on Embryo and Maternal Genetic Systems for Semi-Essential Amino Acid Contents in Rapeseed (Brassica napusL.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Juan WEN ◽  
Jian-Feng XU ◽  
Yan LONG ◽  
Hai-Ming XU ◽  
Jin-Ling MENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

Chips with Everything

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Segal
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Moore’S Law ◽  
Moore's Law ◽  
Silicon Chips ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Digital Computers ◽  
Dna Computer

Chapter 3 highlights the critical role materials have in the development of digital computers. It traces developments from the cat’s whisker to valves through to relays and transistors. Accounts are given for transistors and the manufacture of integrated circuits (silicon chips) by use of photolithography. Future potential computing techniques, namely quantum computing and the DNA computer, are covered. The history of computability and Moore’s Law are discussed.

Logical Design of Digital Computers. Montgomery Phister, Jr.

1959 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-50
Author(s):  
Samuel E. Gluck
Keyword(s):  
Logical Design ◽  
Digital Computers

Do digital computers dream?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-67
Author(s):  
Vasileios Kalantzis
Keyword(s):  
Digital Computers

scholarly journals Stability and Robustness of Unbalanced Genetic Toggle Switches in the Presence of Scarce Resources

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Chentao Yong ◽  
Andras Gyorgy
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Robustness Analysis ◽  
System Level ◽  
Genetic Circuits ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Genetic Systems

While the vision of synthetic biology is to create complex genetic systems in a rational fashion, system-level behaviors are often perplexing due to the context-dependent dynamics of modules. One major source of context-dependence emerges due to the limited availability of shared resources, coupling the behavior of disconnected components. Motivated by the ubiquitous role of toggle switches in genetic circuits ranging from controlling cell fate differentiation to optimizing cellular performance, here we reveal how their fundamental dynamic properties are affected by competition for scarce resources. Combining a mechanistic model with nullcline-based stability analysis and potential landscape-based robustness analysis, we uncover not only the detrimental impacts of resource competition, but also how the unbalancedness of the switch further exacerbates them. While in general both of these factors undermine the performance of the switch (by pushing the dynamics toward monostability and increased sensitivity to noise), we also demonstrate that some of the unwanted effects can be alleviated by strategically optimized resource competition. Our results provide explicit guidelines for the context-aware rational design of toggle switches to mitigate our reliance on lengthy and expensive trial-and-error processes, and can be seamlessly integrated into the computer-aided synthesis of complex genetic systems.

Conditions for Positive and Negative Correlations Between Fitness and Heterozygosity in Equilibrium Populations

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 1333-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Wen Deng ◽  
Yun-Xin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Single Population ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Genetic Explanation ◽  
Genetic Causes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fitness Traits ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Non Equilibrium

AbstractThe past decades have witnessed extensive efforts to correlate fitness traits with genomic heterozygosity. While positive correlations are revealed in most of the organisms studied, results of no/negative correlations are not uncommon. There has been little effort to reveal the genetic causes of these negative correlations. The positive correlations are regarded either as evidence for functional overdominance in large, randomly mating populations at equilibrium, or the results of populations at disequilibrium under dominance. More often, the positive correlations are viewed as a phenomenon of heterosis, so that it cannot possibly occur under within-locus additive allelic effects. Here we give exact genetic conditions that give rise to positive and negative correlations in populations at Hardy-Weinberg and linkage equilibria, thus offering a genetic explanation for the observed negative correlations. Our results demonstrate that the above interpretations concerning the positive correlations are not complete or even necessary. Such a positive correlation can result under dominance and potentially under additivity, even in populations where associated overdominance due to linked alleles at different loci is not significant. Additionally, negative correlations and heterosis can co-occur in a single population. Although our emphasis is on equilibrium populations and for biallelic genetic systems, the basic conclusions are generalized to non-equilibrium populations and for multi-allelic situations.

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