Influence of phenology on grain yield variation among barley cultivars grown under terminal drought

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Mitchell ◽  
S Fukai ◽  
M Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Long Duration

We investigated the influence of sowing time and genotypic variation for phenology on grain yield of barley in south-eastern Queensland. Over 3 seasons, 8 trials with 10 cultivars and 1 trial with 4 cultivars were conducted under either irrigated or terminal drought conditions at 2 locations. Rainout shelters ensured the development of severe terminal water stress. Trials were either sown on a common date, as conducted in traditional multi-environment trials, or over 3 weeks to synchronise anthesis among cultivars of different phenologies. Within the common sowing date trials, variation (P < 0.01) existed among cultivars for grain yield. From the 6 common sowing trials there was a negative correlation (P < 0.05) between grain yield and days to anthesis; that is, the shorter duration cultivars expressed the highest grain yield. Variation in days to anthesis accounted for 48-72% of the variation for grain yield. In the staggered sowing trials, where anthesis of all cultivars occurred within 4 or 2 days of the mean anthesis date, variation for grain yield was small or non-significant, and there was no association between grain yield and days to anthesis. The staggered sowing experiment with 10 cultivars indicated that duration of the vegetative phase was important in determining total dry matter production at maturity when cultivars were grown under terminal drought. Long-duration cultivars sown earlier had greater total dry matter at maturity than short-duration cultivars. This was associated with a greater water extraction by the long-duration cultivars, especially at depth, which remained inaccessible to later sown, short-duration cultivars. However, due to the low harvest index of the long-duration cultivars, grain yield of long- and short-duration cultivars was comparable when anthesis of cultivars was synchronised. When sown at the same time, a short-duration cultivar is advantageous because of a high chance of escaping water stress that develops during the critical development stage of anthesis. The results from the staggered sowing date experiments, however, indicated that the long-duration cultivars, when sown earlier in the season, had no yield disadvantage in comparison with the short-duration cultivars sown later in the season. Therefore, there is scope to develop barley cultivars of later phenology than is currently available to provide Queensland farmers with the option of utilising early rainfall events which are sometimes the only planting opportunity.

An investigation of the grain yield adaptation of advanced CIMMYT wheat lines to water stress environments in Queensland. II. Classification analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Cooper ◽  
DE Byth ◽  
DR Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Wheat Lines

The objective of this study was to use classification methodology to characterize the genotypic variation and line by environment (L x E) interaction for grain yield of a sample of advanced CIMMYT wheat lines and three local check cultivars tested over six Queensland environments. The environments were managed to differ in the magnitude of water stress they imposed on the lines at the critical developmental stage of anthesis. The grouping of lines was based on grain yield. The yield differences among the groups were investigated in terms of yield components and dry matter production and partitioning attributes. Groups of CIMMYT lines which outyielded the two groups which contained the three Queensland cultivars were identified. The yield advantage of the groups of CIMMYT lines decreased with increasing severity of water stress at anthesis and in the environment where the most severe stress was characterized there were no yield differences among the groups of lines. The yield advantage of the groups of CIMMYT lines was generally associated with a higher number of grains per unit area and in some cases a higher grain size. While phenology variation could account for some of the yield differences among the line groups there was considerable yield variation among line groups with similar phenology patterns across the environments. Additional measurements taken on the lines to characterize differences in dry matter production and the partitioning of the dry matter to yield components were not effective in explaining the yield variation among the groups of lines after the effects of phenology were taken into account. While the incidence of the large L x (water-stress) interactions encountered in this study would complicate selection for yield, the identification of groups of advanced CIMMYT lines which outyielded the Queensland cultivars in five of the six environments suggests that the L x (water stress) interactions do not preclude scope for further improvement of grain yield of wheat in Queensland.

Genotypic variation in osmotic adjustment in grain sorghum. II. Relation with some growth attributes

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 759 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Tangpremsri ◽  
S Fukai ◽  
KS Fischer ◽  
RG Henzell
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Positive Effect

Two sets containing large numbers (23 and 47 entries) of sorghum genotypes were grown in the glasshouse to examine the effect of osmotic adjustment on water extraction, dry matter growth and grain yield. Water stress was developed in two periods, one before and one after anthesis. The results were similar in the two experiments despite a large difference in the genetic background of the plant material. Since osmotic potential did not differ significantly among genotypes before water stress was induced, osmotic potential obtained under stress was used directly to indicate the genotype's ability to adjust osmotically. Osmotic adjustment was positively associated with green leaf area retention during grain filling and to root length density at 70 cm depth. Genotypes with high osmotic adjustment used more water during the second drying period. As a result, total dry matter was well related to osmotic adjustment during grain filling, but grain yield was negatively associated with osmotic adjustment in one experiment and not significantly related in the other. When comparison was made for lines which had similar leaf water potential during early stages of growth but which differed in osmotic adjustment during grain filling, there was still a positive effect of osmotic adjustment on total dry matter. This suggests that the positive effect was not caused by large plants extracting more water during early stages of growth, but was due to the difference in line's ability to extract water during grain filling.

scholarly journals Dry matter accumulation and remobilization in winter barley as affected by genotype and sowing date

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 751-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Mirosavljevic ◽  
Novo Przulj ◽  
Vojislava Momcilovic ◽  
Nikola Hristov ◽  
Ivana Maksimovic
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Knowledge about the effect of genotypic variation and sowing date on dry matter accumulation, remobilization and partitioning in winter barley is important for crop management. Therefore, in field studies, six winter barley genotypes of various origin and maturity groups were studied across four sowing dates. In general, grain yield and dry matter content decreased with delayed sowing, after mid-October, and average grain yield in late October and November sowing was lower 14.2% and 16.9%, respectively, compared to the yield in the optimal sowing date. Among the tested genotypes, high grain yield and dry matter content was obtained from late and medium early barley genotypes. Delayed sowing dates, on average, reduced dry matter remobilization and contribution of vegetative dry matter to grain yield. In years characterized by high spring precipitation, late September and early October sowing of medium early and late barley genotypes enable increased accumulation and remobilization of dry matter and obtainment of high grain yield.

Contribution of Stem Dry Matter to Grain Yield in Wheat Cultivars

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Pheloung ◽  
KHM Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Field experiments were conducted in the eastern wheat belt of Western Australia in a dry year with and without irrigation (1987) and in a wet year (1988), comparing three cultivars of wheat differing in height and yield potential. The aim of the study was to determine the contribution of remobilisable stem dry matter to grain dry matter under different water regimes in old and modern wheats. Stem non-structural carbohydrate was labelled with 14C 1 day after anthesis and the activity and weight of this pool and the grain was measured at 2, 18 and 58 days after anthesis. Gutha and Kulin, modern tall and semi-dwarf cultivars respectively, yielded higher than Gamenya, a tall older cultivar in all conditions, but the percentage reduction in yield under water stress was greater for the modern cultivars (41, 34 and 23%). In the grain of Gamenya, the increase in 14C activity after the initial labelling was highest under water stress. Generally, loss of 14C activity from the non-structural stem dry matter was less than the increase in grain activity under water stress but similar to or greater than grain activity increase under well watered conditions. Averaged over environments and cultivars, non-structural dry matter stored in the stem contributed at least 20% of the grain dry matter.

scholarly journals Upland rice yield as affected by Brachiaria coverage management

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano S. Nascente ◽  
Luís F. Stone ◽  
Cleber M. Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Tillage System

An important point in no-tillage system is the time between cover crop glyphosate desiccation and rice sowing. This study aimed to verify the effect of Brachiaria ruziziensis management time before rice sowing on rice yield and its components. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions and consisted of four types of B. ruziziensis management: with Brachiaria and with herbicide (WBWH), without Brachiaria shoots and with herbicide (NBWH), without Brachiaria shoots and without herbicide (NBNH), and with Brachiaria and without herbicide (WBNH), at four times: 30, 20, 10, and 0 days, preceding the rice sowing. The amount of B. ruziziensis dry matter increased as the management was done closer to the rice sowing date. The WBWH and WBNH managements (this one causes the lowest rice grain yield) must be done 30 days before rice sowing; while NBWH management must be done ten or more days before rice sowing. On the other hand, NBNH management (this one favors the best rice grain yield) can be done until rice sowing day. Despite some reduction in rice yield caused by the B. ruziziensis management, when it was done at the proper time the rice grain yield was similar to the control (without Brachiaria sowing and without herbicide application).

scholarly journals Variation of Water-Soluble Carbohydrates and Grain Yield in Iranian Cold Barley Promising Lines Under Well-Watered and Water Stress Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Soleiman Mohammadi ◽  
Reza Kas Nazani ◽  
Ayda Hosseinzadeh Mahootchi ◽  
Keiwan Ftohi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Water Stress Condition ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates

ABSTRACT In order to evaluate promising lines in terms of grain yield and water-soluble carbohydrates remobiliza-tion, an experiment with fifteen promising lines and two checks was carried out under full irrigation and terminal water stress conditions at Miyandoab Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Station. Mobilized dry matter content and remobilization percentage from shoot to grain under water deficit (177mg)(11.2%) were greater than those under well watering condition. The lowest (110 mg) and the highest (260mg) mobilized dry matter to grain were obtained for C-79-18 and C-83-15lines, respectively. Water deficit reduced grain yield of barley genotypes by 200-1600 kg/ha, and mean grain yield reduction was 800 kg/ha. Line 14 with 5.880and 5.300t/ha grain yield in favorable and water stress conditions was superior to the other lines. Under water deficit condition, line 14 had greater grain yieldby20% and 38% than the Bahman and Makouee cultivars, respectively. The results showed that greater grain yield in tolerant lines under water deficit was due to remobilization of unstructured carbohydrates from shoot to grain. Thus, it seems that selection of lines with higher translocated dry matter and contribution of pre-anthesis assimilate in grain filling under water stress, the suitable way for achieving genotypes with high grain yield under water stress condition.

Analysis of seed production and its association with forage production and agronomic traits in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) under different moisture conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Saeidnia ◽  
M. M. Majidi ◽  
A. Mirlohi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Stress Environments

Genetic analysis of seed production and the effect of water stress on seed and forage production have not been addressed simultaneously in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Thirty-six genotypes of orchardgrass were clonally propagated and evaluated in the field under two moisture environments (normal and water stress) during 3 years (2013–15). A high degree of variation was observed among genotypes for all of the measured traits. Water stress had a negative effect on seed weight per plant and dry matter biomass per plant, and it reduced genotypic variation for most of the traits. A significant and positive correlation was found between seed weight per plant and dry matter biomass per plant, which suggested that simultaneous selection for both traits is possible in normal as well as water-stress environments. The results also indicated that traits explaining seed and forage production variability were not exactly the same in water-stress and non-stress environments. Therefore, indirect selection based on seed weight and dry matter biomass components under normal and water-stress conditions may result in genotypes with different performances. In both normal and water-stress environments, some genotypes were identified as superior with respect to high seed weight and dry matter biomass per plant. These genotypes can be used for further studies to improve seed weight and dry matter biomass per plant, simultaneously.

scholarly journals Morphological characters, plant phenology and yield of spring barley (Hordeum sativum L.) depending on cultivar properties and sowing date

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Noworolnik
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
State Research Institute ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

During the period 2008-2010, microplot experiments on spring barley were carried out in the experimental field of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute in Puławy, on a good wheat soil complex. The following cultivars were compared: ‘Conchita’, ‘Kormoran’, ‘Rufus’, ‘Skald’, ‘Skarb’ (2008-2009) as well as ‘Afrodite’, ‘Aliciana’, ‘Bordo’, ‘Skald’, and ‘Suweren’ (2009-2010), in terms of their morphological characters determining grain yield and their response to sowing date: 7-12 April and 17-22 April. Among the spring barley cultivars tested, there were large differences in productive tillering of plants, number of ears per unit area, and grain yield. Smaller differences related to number of grains per ear and 1000 grain weight. The cultivars ‘Suweren’ and ‘Skarb’ were characterized by high grain yield thanks to greater plant tillering and higher number of ears. The cultivar ‘Bordo’ was marked by the highest number of grains per ear, while cv. ‘Kormoran’ had the highest 1000 grain weight. A delayed sowing date caused a shortening of the growing season by 8-9 days and a shortening of all plant growth stages. This negatively affected number of ears per unit area and grain yield, but did not result in significant changes in number of grains per ear and 1000 grain weight. ‘Suweren’ and ‘Skarb’, i.e. cultivars with higher tillering ability, can be considered to be cultivars more tolerant to delayed sowing date.

scholarly journals Effects of Water Stress and Potassium on Quantity Traits of Two Varieties of Mung Bean (Vigna Radiata L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Z. Fooladivanda ◽  
M. Hassanzadehdelouei ◽  
N. Zarifinia
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Water stress is known as the major threat to reduced growth and yield of plants in arid and semi-arid regions. Potassium is one of the indicators of plant responses to water stress. To evaluate the impact of water stress and levels of potassium on yield and yield components of two varieties of mung bean (Vigna radiata) (promising lines VC6172 and Indian), an experiment in the form of split factorial, based on randomized complete block design with three replicates was conducted in 2011, at the research farm of Safi-Abad Dezfool, Iran (latitude 32°16’ N, longitude 48°26’ E and altitude 82.9 m above sea level) .Water stress in three levels: irrigation at 120 (no stress), 180 (moderate stress) and 240 (severe stress) mm evaporation from pan, were allocated to the main plots and potassium fertilizer at three levels (0, 90, 180 kg /ha) and two varieties of mung bean (promising line VC6172 and Indian) were allotted to the sub-plots. Results showed that water stress and potassium fertilizer significantly affect all traits. The highest grain yield (2093 kg /ha) was obtained from no stress treatment in the case of 180 kg /ha potassium. Total dry matter, number of pods and grain yield, were significantly different between the two varieties. The interaction between fertilizer and variety, on dry matter and grain yield and the interaction between irrigation and variety, on dry matter were significant. We conclude that use of potassium fertilizer can reduce the adverse effects of water stress.

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