Analysis of seed production and its association with forage production and agronomic traits in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) under different moisture conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Saeidnia ◽  
M. M. Majidi ◽  
A. Mirlohi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Stress Environments

Genetic analysis of seed production and the effect of water stress on seed and forage production have not been addressed simultaneously in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Thirty-six genotypes of orchardgrass were clonally propagated and evaluated in the field under two moisture environments (normal and water stress) during 3 years (2013–15). A high degree of variation was observed among genotypes for all of the measured traits. Water stress had a negative effect on seed weight per plant and dry matter biomass per plant, and it reduced genotypic variation for most of the traits. A significant and positive correlation was found between seed weight per plant and dry matter biomass per plant, which suggested that simultaneous selection for both traits is possible in normal as well as water-stress environments. The results also indicated that traits explaining seed and forage production variability were not exactly the same in water-stress and non-stress environments. Therefore, indirect selection based on seed weight and dry matter biomass components under normal and water-stress conditions may result in genotypes with different performances. In both normal and water-stress environments, some genotypes were identified as superior with respect to high seed weight and dry matter biomass per plant. These genotypes can be used for further studies to improve seed weight and dry matter biomass per plant, simultaneously.

Une régie de trois coupes chez le dactyle (Dactylis glomerata L.) en régions agricoles du Moyen-Nord de l'Est du Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
R. Drapeau
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
The Third ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Cutting Management ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Heading Stage

Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) has good winter survival in the mid-north agricultural areas of eastern Canada. There is no information on the cutting management to use after the first harvest of orchardgrass under these climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the required interval between harvests following a first harvest at heading stage to optimise the productivity and maintain the persistence of orchardgrass. An interval of 35 d between harvests was sufficient to obtain annual yields of 4 to 6 tonnes of dry matter per hectare. An interval of 28 d between harvests had no negative effects on orchardgrass persistence under our climatic conditions. A second harvest taken 42 d after the first one often had a negative effect on the dry matter yield of the third harvest. Each time this occurred, we observed that the second harvest had been taken after 20 July. Heading dates varied among years. In addition to the growth stage at the first harvest, the date of occurrence of the heading stage should be considered so that the second harvest will be taken before 20 July. Consequently, if heading is delayed in spring, the interval between the first and second harvest must be reduced to take the second harvest before 20 July. Delaying the third harvest had a negative effect on the dry matter yield of the first harvest of the following production year. These results indicate that it is possible to take three harvests before September under the climatic conditions of the mid-north of eastern Canada without affecting the persistence of orchardgrass. Key words: Dactylis glomerata L., orchardgrass, cutting stage, cutting intervals, cutting management, yield

Physiological responses of drought tolerance in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) in association with persistence and summer dormancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Saeidnia ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽  
Aghafakhr Mirlohi ◽  
Benyamin Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Summer Dormancy ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates

The genetic basis of physiological responses to drought and its association with productivity, persistence and summer dormancy is not clear in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Thirty-six orchardgrass genotypes were evaluated under water stress and non-stressed conditions during 2 years (2013–14). High genotypic variation was observed for all of the agronomic and physiological traits. Water stress reduced dry matter yield, relative water content and chlorophyll content while significantly increasing carotenoids, water-soluble carbohydrates, proline and chlorophyll a : b ratio. The results indicated that carotenoids and proline accumulation could not be used for discriminating drought-tolerant genotypes of orchardgrass, whereas water-soluble carbohydrates may be used to achieve this purpose. Moreover, the results showed that the stable genotypes that have lower changes in productivity from normal to water-stress environments also have more persistence. No association was found between summer dormancy and drought tolerance measured by both physiological and yield-based drought-tolerance indices. Some of the drought-tolerant genotypes had relatively high persistence and better autumn recovery, a characteristic useful for the development of new synthetic varieties.

scholarly journals Genome-wide association study revealed loci linked to post-drought recovery and traits related to persistence of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Saeidnia ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽  
Aghafakhr Mirlohi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Stress Environments ◽  
Trait Associations

Association analysis has been proved as a powerful tool for genetic dissection of complex traits. This study was conducted to identify marker – trait associations for recovery, persistence, and as well as finding stable associations. In this study, a diverse panel of polycross derived progenies of smooth bromegrass was phenotyped under normal and water stress, during three consecutive years. Association analysis was performed between nine important agronomic traits along with three seasonal growth activity indices based on 535 SRAP markers. Population structure analysis identified five main subpopulations possessing significant genetic differences. Association analysis using mixed linear mode1 identified 339 and 233 marker-trait associations under normal and water stress environments, respectively. Some of these markers were associated with more than one trait; which can be attributed to pleiotropic effects or to a number of tightly linked genes affecting several traits. If the effectiveness of these markers in genetic control of these traits is validated, they could be potentially used for initiation of marker-assisted selection and targeted trait introgression of smooth bromegrass under normal and water stress environments.

Agronomic characterization of sunflower cultivars for animal feeding in tropical conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37050
Author(s):  
Saulo Almeida Sousa ◽  
Vagner Maximino Leite ◽  
Vanessa de Oliveira Almeida ◽  
Douglas dos Santos Pina ◽  
Luana Marta de Almeida Rufino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Flowering Rate ◽  
Animal Feeding

This study was developed to examine morpho-agronomic traits of 18 sunflower cultivars and identify superior cultivars in terms of grain yield, forage quality, or both, for animal feeding. Twenty-two morpho-agronomic traits related to plant development and architecture; earliness of maturity; grain yield (achenes); dry matter yield; and dry matter content were evaluated. Cultivars Hélio 253, Hélio 358, Embrapa 122, BRS 321, and Hélio 360 showed inflorescence at the final stage. Aguará 4 showed the lowest flowering rate, characterizing it as late-maturing. For grain yield, cultivars Charrua, Olisun 3, BRS 321, Paraíso 103CL, Paraíso 65, Aguará 6, and CF 101 are recommended, as they showed the highest achene yields (average: 1,541.67 to 2,148.81 kg.ha−1, respectively). Cultivars Charrua, Hélio 251, Olisun 3, Hélio 360, Paraíso 55, and Paraíso 103CL exhibited higher dry matter yields (9,550.93 to 11,789.91 kg ha−1) and were thus indicated for forage production. Cultivars Charrua, Olisun 3, BRS 321, Paraíso 103CL, Paraíso 65, Aguará 6, and CF 101 are recommended for grain yield, for the diet of monogastric animals; Charrua, Hélio 251, Olisun 3, Hélio 360, Paraíso 55, and Paraíso 103CL for forage yield, for ruminant feeding; and Charrua, Olisun 3, and Paraíso 103CL for both purposes.

Genotypic variation in osmotic adjustment in grain sorghum. II. Relation with some growth attributes

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 759 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Tangpremsri ◽  
S Fukai ◽  
KS Fischer ◽  
RG Henzell
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Positive Effect

Two sets containing large numbers (23 and 47 entries) of sorghum genotypes were grown in the glasshouse to examine the effect of osmotic adjustment on water extraction, dry matter growth and grain yield. Water stress was developed in two periods, one before and one after anthesis. The results were similar in the two experiments despite a large difference in the genetic background of the plant material. Since osmotic potential did not differ significantly among genotypes before water stress was induced, osmotic potential obtained under stress was used directly to indicate the genotype's ability to adjust osmotically. Osmotic adjustment was positively associated with green leaf area retention during grain filling and to root length density at 70 cm depth. Genotypes with high osmotic adjustment used more water during the second drying period. As a result, total dry matter was well related to osmotic adjustment during grain filling, but grain yield was negatively associated with osmotic adjustment in one experiment and not significantly related in the other. When comparison was made for lines which had similar leaf water potential during early stages of growth but which differed in osmotic adjustment during grain filling, there was still a positive effect of osmotic adjustment on total dry matter. This suggests that the positive effect was not caused by large plants extracting more water during early stages of growth, but was due to the difference in line's ability to extract water during grain filling.

scholarly journals Agronomic Evaluation and Genetic Variation of Tunisian Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Chtourou-Ghorbel ◽  
M. Chakroun ◽  
H. Elazreg ◽  
N. Trifi-Farah
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genotype X Environment ◽  
The Relationship

Nine important agronomic traits were used to assess the genetic diversity of Tunisian tall fescue and to investigate the extent of genotype X environment (GE) interaction and its implications for breeding programs. These traits were studied for three consecutive years in thirty-five spontaneous populations and three cultivars. Panicle size contributed to seeds production, while the plant height at harvest and dry matter yield were selected for forage performance. Analysis of variance demonstrated that population attitude depended on the year and environmental conditions. Principal component analysis revealed significant similarities among some spontaneous populations and cultivars. The relationship between environmental conditions and agronomic traits revealed the influence of altitude, soil texture and minimum temperature on forage production, seed yield, and the architecture of plants, respectively. In addition, the local adapted ecotypes originating from Bizerte, Sidi Nsir, and Rass Rajel attained greater agronomic potentialities than control cultivars and were of considerable economic interest for the improvement of Tunisian tall fescue.

scholarly journals Genome-wide Association Study Revealed Loci Linked to Post-drought Recovery and Traits Related to Persistence of Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus Inermis)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Saeidnia ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽  
Aghafakhr Mirlohi ◽  
Benyamin Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Stress Environments ◽  
Trait Associations

Abstract Association analysis has been proved as a powerful tool for genetic dissection of complex traits. This study was conducted to identify marker–trait associations for recovery, persistence, and as well as finding stable associations. In this study, a diverse panel of polycross derived progenies of smooth bromegrass was phenotyped under normal and water stress, during three consecutive years. Association analysis was performed between nine important agronomic traits along with three seasonal growth activity indices based on 535 SRAP markers. Population structure analysis identified five main subpopulations possessing significant genetic differences. Association analysis using mixed linear mode1 identified 339 and 233 marker-trait associations under normal and water stress environments, respectively. Some of these markers were associated with more than one trait; which can be attributed to pleiotropic effects or to a number of tightly linked genes affecting several traits. If the effectiveness of these markers in genetic control of these traits is validated, they could be potentially used for initiation of marker-assisted selection and targeted trait introgression of smooth bromegrass under normal and water stress environments.

scholarly journals Selection of Elephant-Grass Genotypes for Forage Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Larissa S. A. Schneider ◽  
Rogério F. Daher ◽  
Bruna R. S. Menezes ◽  
Rafael S. Freitas ◽  
Liliane B. Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Canonical Variables

The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic traits of 80 accessions of elephant grass under the soil and weather conditions of Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil. The experimental design was set as randomized blocks with 2 replicates. The experiment continued from March 2012 to May 2013, with 5 harvests made in the dry and rainy seasons. The following traits were assessed: percentage of dry matter (%DM), dry matter yield (DMY), number of tillers per meter (NT), plant height (HGT), stem diameter (SD), leaf blade width (LBW) and leaf blade length (LBL). Data from each harvest were subjected to analysis of variance and to the Scott-Knott test (P < 0.05). Tocher’s optimization method, Mahalanobis distance, and canonical variables were utilized for the multiple traits, and the importance of the characters in the canonical variables. Genotypes with high yield were Elefante da Colômbia, Taiwan A-25, Albano, Hib. Gigante da Colômbia, Elefante de Pinda, Taiwan A-121, P241 Piracicaba, Guaçu/I.Z.2, CPAC, EMPASC 309, EMPASC 307, Australiano, and Pasto Panamá. Stem diameter (rainy season) and LBW (dry season) were the most important variables to differentiate between genotypes. There was wide phenotypic variation between genotypes, which could be divided into 15 groups by Tocher’s optimization method.

Influence of phenology on grain yield variation among barley cultivars grown under terminal drought

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Mitchell ◽  
S Fukai ◽  
M Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Long Duration

We investigated the influence of sowing time and genotypic variation for phenology on grain yield of barley in south-eastern Queensland. Over 3 seasons, 8 trials with 10 cultivars and 1 trial with 4 cultivars were conducted under either irrigated or terminal drought conditions at 2 locations. Rainout shelters ensured the development of severe terminal water stress. Trials were either sown on a common date, as conducted in traditional multi-environment trials, or over 3 weeks to synchronise anthesis among cultivars of different phenologies. Within the common sowing date trials, variation (P < 0.01) existed among cultivars for grain yield. From the 6 common sowing trials there was a negative correlation (P < 0.05) between grain yield and days to anthesis; that is, the shorter duration cultivars expressed the highest grain yield. Variation in days to anthesis accounted for 48-72% of the variation for grain yield. In the staggered sowing trials, where anthesis of all cultivars occurred within 4 or 2 days of the mean anthesis date, variation for grain yield was small or non-significant, and there was no association between grain yield and days to anthesis. The staggered sowing experiment with 10 cultivars indicated that duration of the vegetative phase was important in determining total dry matter production at maturity when cultivars were grown under terminal drought. Long-duration cultivars sown earlier had greater total dry matter at maturity than short-duration cultivars. This was associated with a greater water extraction by the long-duration cultivars, especially at depth, which remained inaccessible to later sown, short-duration cultivars. However, due to the low harvest index of the long-duration cultivars, grain yield of long- and short-duration cultivars was comparable when anthesis of cultivars was synchronised. When sown at the same time, a short-duration cultivar is advantageous because of a high chance of escaping water stress that develops during the critical development stage of anthesis. The results from the staggered sowing date experiments, however, indicated that the long-duration cultivars, when sown earlier in the season, had no yield disadvantage in comparison with the short-duration cultivars sown later in the season. Therefore, there is scope to develop barley cultivars of later phenology than is currently available to provide Queensland farmers with the option of utilising early rainfall events which are sometimes the only planting opportunity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of reed canary grass for different end-uses and in breeding

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 227-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SAHRAMAA
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
End Use

Traditionally reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) has been cultivated for forage, but currently is a new non-food crop in northern Europe. The aim of this study was to evaluate reed canary grass germplasm, elite and wild populations, for non-food, forage and seed production. An index composed of different agronomic traits was used to establish the best populations for each end-use. Populations were also ranked according to biomass or seed yield only. Non-food cultivars have not yet been developed, but results from this study suggest that some high biomass forage cultivars could be used in non-food production. However, local populations possessed a desirable combination of traits, including higher proportion of straw associated with high biomass yield. This study indicated that local populations could be used in non-food crop breeding together with elite material. Some evidence for the potential of populations for forage production was also noted, mainly through leaf area and leaf proportion measurements. High non-food or forage indices were associated with good seed production in some populations. Results help in selecting appropriate cultivars for non-food use, which is currently important as the cultivated area of reed canary grass for biofuel in Finland is anticipated to be 75 000 hectares by 2010.;

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