An investigation of the grain yield adaptation of advanced CIMMYT wheat lines to water stress environments in Queensland. II. Classification analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Cooper ◽  
DE Byth ◽  
DR Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Wheat Lines

The objective of this study was to use classification methodology to characterize the genotypic variation and line by environment (L x E) interaction for grain yield of a sample of advanced CIMMYT wheat lines and three local check cultivars tested over six Queensland environments. The environments were managed to differ in the magnitude of water stress they imposed on the lines at the critical developmental stage of anthesis. The grouping of lines was based on grain yield. The yield differences among the groups were investigated in terms of yield components and dry matter production and partitioning attributes. Groups of CIMMYT lines which outyielded the two groups which contained the three Queensland cultivars were identified. The yield advantage of the groups of CIMMYT lines decreased with increasing severity of water stress at anthesis and in the environment where the most severe stress was characterized there were no yield differences among the groups of lines. The yield advantage of the groups of CIMMYT lines was generally associated with a higher number of grains per unit area and in some cases a higher grain size. While phenology variation could account for some of the yield differences among the line groups there was considerable yield variation among line groups with similar phenology patterns across the environments. Additional measurements taken on the lines to characterize differences in dry matter production and the partitioning of the dry matter to yield components were not effective in explaining the yield variation among the groups of lines after the effects of phenology were taken into account. While the incidence of the large L x (water-stress) interactions encountered in this study would complicate selection for yield, the identification of groups of advanced CIMMYT lines which outyielded the Queensland cultivars in five of the six environments suggests that the L x (water stress) interactions do not preclude scope for further improvement of grain yield of wheat in Queensland.

Progress in developing perennial wheats for grain and grazing

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Larkin ◽  
Matthew T. Newell ◽  
Richard C. Hayes ◽  
Jesmin Aktar ◽  
Mark R. Norton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Perennial Wheat ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Near Term

Dual-purpose cereals have been important for increasing the flexibility and profitability of mixed farming enterprises in southern Australia, providing winter feed when pasture dry matter production is low, and then recovering to produce grain. A perennial dual-purpose cereal could confer additional economic and environmental benefits. We establish that, at the end of a second growth season, selected perennial cereals were able to achieve up to 10-fold greater below-ground biomass than a resown annual wheat. We review and expand the data on available, diverse, perennial, wheat-derived germplasm, confirming that perenniality is achievable but that further improvements are essential through targeted breeding. Although not yet commercially deployable, the grain yields and dry matter production of the best performing lines approach the benchmarks predicted to achieve profitability. On reviewing the genomic composition of the most promising wheat-derived perennials, we conclude that the best near-term prospect of a productive breeding program for a perennial, wheat-derived cereal will utilise a diploid, perennial donor species, and the most promising one thus far is Thinopyrum elongatum. Furthermore, the breeding should be aimed at complete wheat–Th. elongatum amphiploids, a hybrid synthetic crop analogous to triticale. We advocate the generation of many primary amphiploids involving a diversity of Th. elongatum accessions and a diversity of adapted annual wheat cultivars. Primary perennial amphiploids would be inter-crossed and advanced with heavy, early-generation selection for traits such as semi-dwarf plant height, non-shattering heads, large seed size and good self-fertility, followed by later generation selection for robust perenniality, days to flowering, grain yield, forage yield, stability of grain yield across seasons, and disease resistance.

Influence of phenology on grain yield variation among barley cultivars grown under terminal drought

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Mitchell ◽  
S Fukai ◽  
M Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Long Duration

We investigated the influence of sowing time and genotypic variation for phenology on grain yield of barley in south-eastern Queensland. Over 3 seasons, 8 trials with 10 cultivars and 1 trial with 4 cultivars were conducted under either irrigated or terminal drought conditions at 2 locations. Rainout shelters ensured the development of severe terminal water stress. Trials were either sown on a common date, as conducted in traditional multi-environment trials, or over 3 weeks to synchronise anthesis among cultivars of different phenologies. Within the common sowing date trials, variation (P < 0.01) existed among cultivars for grain yield. From the 6 common sowing trials there was a negative correlation (P < 0.05) between grain yield and days to anthesis; that is, the shorter duration cultivars expressed the highest grain yield. Variation in days to anthesis accounted for 48-72% of the variation for grain yield. In the staggered sowing trials, where anthesis of all cultivars occurred within 4 or 2 days of the mean anthesis date, variation for grain yield was small or non-significant, and there was no association between grain yield and days to anthesis. The staggered sowing experiment with 10 cultivars indicated that duration of the vegetative phase was important in determining total dry matter production at maturity when cultivars were grown under terminal drought. Long-duration cultivars sown earlier had greater total dry matter at maturity than short-duration cultivars. This was associated with a greater water extraction by the long-duration cultivars, especially at depth, which remained inaccessible to later sown, short-duration cultivars. However, due to the low harvest index of the long-duration cultivars, grain yield of long- and short-duration cultivars was comparable when anthesis of cultivars was synchronised. When sown at the same time, a short-duration cultivar is advantageous because of a high chance of escaping water stress that develops during the critical development stage of anthesis. The results from the staggered sowing date experiments, however, indicated that the long-duration cultivars, when sown earlier in the season, had no yield disadvantage in comparison with the short-duration cultivars sown later in the season. Therefore, there is scope to develop barley cultivars of later phenology than is currently available to provide Queensland farmers with the option of utilising early rainfall events which are sometimes the only planting opportunity.

Effect of n fertilisation on the dynamics of dry matter production and leaf area of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties in different years

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sugár ◽  
Z. Berzsenyi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Matter Production

The effect of four rates of nitrogen (N) fertilisation (0, 80, 160, 240 kg ha−1) on the growth and yield components of three winter wheat varieties with different maturity dates (Mv Toborzó — extra early, Mv Palotás — early, Mv Verbunkos — mid-early) was analysed in a long-term experiment laid out in a two-factorial split-plot design with four replications in the years 2007–2009. The dry matter production of the whole plant and of individual plant organs, the maximum leaf area, the area of the flag-leaf and all the yield components except the thousand-kernel weight were significantly the greatest in the N160 or the N240 treatments. Averaged over the varieties and years the grain yield in the N treatments was N0: 5.5, N80: 7.1, N160: 7.3 and N240: 7.5 t ha−1. Averaged over N treatments and years the variety Mv Verbunkos had the highest dry matter production, stem mass, spike mass, number of grains per spike and grain yield. Mv Verbunkos had the greatest leaf area in the favourable years of 2008 and 2009 and the greatest flag-leaf area in 2008. Averaged over N treatments and varieties the dry matter production per plant, the leaf and stem mass, the number of spikes per square metre and the thousand-kernel weight were greatest in 2007. The spike mass was lowest in 2007 and had higher, very similar values in 2008 and 2009. The maximum leaf area per plant, the area of the flag-leaf, the number of grains per spike and the grain yield were highest in 2008. The values and dynamics of the growth parameters gave a good characterisation of the effect of the treatments (N fertilisation, variety, year) on plant production (yield, yield components) in various stages of growth.

Field studies on the growth and development of winter wheat

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
N Application ◽  
Matter Production

SUMMARYThe effects of variety, plant density and time of N application on the yield and yield components of winter wheat were investigated in factorial experiments during 1977–8 and 1978–9, at Sutton Bonington. Armada produced substantially fewer vegetative tillers/m2 but the number of ears/m2, from anthesis onwards, was similar to that of Maris Huntsman. The effects of the time of N application on tiller production and survival differed between the 2 years and may have been related to the amount of residual N in the soil. A linear relationship was found between the number of tillers/m2 which died and the maximum number of tillers/m2.Kador produced a lower grain yield than Armada or Maris Huntsman, owing to a combination of lower ratio of grain D.M. to total above-ground D.M. (harvest index) and lower total dry-matter production. Armada produced a higher grain yield than Maris Huntsman in response to earlier application of N. Grain yield was less variable when final plant densities were greater than 200/m2.Grain yield was not particularly well related to individual yield components but showed a good linear relationship with number of grains/m2. Grain yield was also linearly related to total dry-matter production, with treatment effects on harvest index being relatively small. The results indicate that factors which influenced crop growth during grain site development were relatively more important than the factors affecting subsequent grain filling.

Growth and yield studies of Lupinus angustifolius and L. albus in Victoria

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Boundy ◽  
TG Reeves ◽  
HD Brooke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Matter Production

The effect of serial planting on dry matter production, leaf area, grain yield and yield components cf Lupinus angustifoiius (cvv. Uniwhite, Uniharvest and Unicrop) and L. albus (cv. Ultra) was investigated in field plots at Rutherglen in 1973 and 1974. Delayed planting reduced dry matter production of all cultivars, and leaf area for Ultra. Differences in dry matter partitioning were observed between the late flowering Uniharvest, and the early flowering Unicrop and Ultra. In Uniharvest, delayed plantings resulted in a greater proportion of total dry matter being produced during the flowering phase, whereas the reverse was true for Unicrop and Ultra. The later flowering cultivars showed marked grain yield and yield component reduction with later sowing. Yields were reduced by 160.6 kg/ha and 222.5 kg/ha for each week's delay in sowing Uniharvest and Uniwhite, respectively. This effect was offset in the early flowering cultivars by greater development of lateral branches. In addition, when Unicrop and Ultra were planted in April, pod and flower abortion on the main stem resulted from low temperatures at flowering time. Optimum sowing time was early April for Uniwhite and Uniharvest, and early May for Unicrop and Ultra. Excellent vegetative growth under ideal moisture conditions highlighted the poor harvest indices of lupins and the scope for genetic improvement in the genus.

The growth and yield of uniculm and tillered barley over a range of sowing rates

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
GK McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Waite Agricultural Research Institute

The growth and yield of two lines of uniculm barley, WID-103 and WID-105, were compared over a range of sowing rates (50-400 kg/ha) with the commercial varieties Galleon and Schooner. The experiments were conducted at Strathalbyn, S.A., in 1986, 1987 and 1988 and at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute in 1987. A third tillered variety, Clipper, was included in the comparison in 1988. Over the three years plant populations measured early in the season ranged from 39/m2 to 709/m2, and grain yields from 97 to 41 1 g/m2. Dry matter production at ear emergence increased with greater plant density, and both the tillered varieties and the uniculm lines showed similar responses to higher sowing rates. At maturity, dry matter production of the tillered barleys was greater than or equal to that of the uniculms and the harvest indices (HIs) of the two types were similar. Consequently, grain yields of the tillered types were greater than or equal to the yields of the uniculms. Over the four experiments the tillered varieties had a 6% higher yield. The number of ears/m2 was the yield component most affected by plant density in both the tillered and uniculm barleys. The uniculm lines had more spikelets/ear, but tended to set fewer grains/spikelet and produce smaller kernels. The experiments failed to demonstrate any advantage of the uniculm habit to the grain yield of barley. These results differ from previous experiments that showed that a uniculm line, WID-101, had a higher yield than the tillered variety Clipper. It is suggested that the uniculm habit per se was not the cause of this higher yield, but its higher HI resulted in it outyielding Clipper. Current varieties, however, have HIs similar to the uniculm lines and yield equally to or more than the uniculm barleys examined. To further improve the grain yield of uniculm barley, greater dry matter production is necessary as the HIs of these lines are already high.

scholarly journals Role of salicylic acid as foliar spray on hydride rice (BRRI Hybrid dhan3) cultivation in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Mohammad Issak ◽  
Most Moslama Khatun ◽  
Amena Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Matter Production

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of salicylic acid (SA) as foliar spray on yield and yield contributing characters of BRRI Hybrid dhan3.The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and six treatment combinations as, T1: 0 μM SA, T2: 200 μM SA, T3: 400 μM SA, T4: 600 μM SA, T5: 800 μM SA and T6: 1000 μM SA. The results revealed that biomass production, dry matter production and yield and yield contributing characters were significantly increased due to the foliar application of SA. At the maximum tillering (MT) stage, the highest biomass production (15.0 t/ha) and dry matter production was observed in T3 treatment. Treatments T4, T5 and T6 showed significant variation on the effective tillers/hill. The maximum effective tillers/hill were found in the treatment T6. The percentages of spikelet sterility were decreased with increasing the level of SA and the percentage of filled grains/panicle were increased with increasing level of SA. The insect infestation was reduced with increasing level of SA to up to 1000 μM. The maximum grain yield (9.21 t/ha) and straw yield (9.22 t/ha) was found in the treatment T6 which was identical to T5. On the other hand, in all cases the lowest results were found in the control treatment. The result showed that grain yield of rice increased with increasing level of SA to up to 1000 μM (T6 treatment). Our results suggest that foliar spray of SA might be applied to increase the yield of hybrid rice in Bangladesh.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.4(3): 157-164, December 2017

Effects of Time of Sowing and Phosphamidon (Dimecron) on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. C. Enyi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development

SUMMARYApplication of dimecron to cowpea plants increased grain yield, its effect being more pronounced in widely spaced plants and those planted in March. Dimecron increased grain yield by encouraging greater leaf area development, by increasing the number of flowering inflorescences and the number of pods set per inflorescence, and by decreasing the number of shrivelled pods. March planting encouraged greater dry matter production than January and May planting. Dimecron application decreased the number of Ootheca beningseni, reduced the proportion of leaf damaged by these insects, and reduced the number of plants infested with aphids and Acidodis larvae.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document