The growth of Lupinus species on alkaline soils

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Tang ◽  
AD Robson ◽  
NE Longnecker ◽  
BJ Buirchell
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Iron Chlorosis ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
High Concentrations

Lupinus angustifolius L. grows poorly on alkaline soils, particularly those that are fine-textured. This poor growth has been attributed to high concentrations of bicarbonate, high clay content and/or iron deficiency. In field studies, we examined the growth of 13 lupin genotypes reliant on N2 fixation, or receiving NH4N03, at four sites with various combinations of soil pH and texture. Plants grown on an alkaline clay and an alkaline sand showed iron chlorosis at early stages, and had a slower shoot growth than those grown on an acid loam or an acid sand. Species varied greatly in the severity of iron chlorosis and also in growth and seed yield, with L. angustifolius, L. luteus and L. albus more affected than L. pilosus, L. atlanticus and L. cosentinii. Rankings of growth and seed yield of the lupin genotypes on the alkaline clay correlated well with the rankings on the alkaline sand soil. Plants which had severe iron chlorosis in alkaline clay also had severe chlorosis in alkaline sands. However, correlation between the severity of iron chlorosis and early shoot growth was poor. The results suggest that high pH and/or high bicarbonate are more likely than soil texture to be the primary factors restricting the growth of commercial lupins.

Comparative performance of Lupinus albus genotypes in response to soil alkalinity

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liu ◽  
C. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Iron Chlorosis ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Shoot Weight

Narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grows poorly on alkaline soils, whereas white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) grows relatively well. This study aimed at examining genotypic variations of white lupins grown in limed acid and alkaline soils in the glasshouse and to test whether the glasshouse findings correlated with those observed in the field. Twelve white lupin genotypes were tested for their tolerance of limed and alkaline soils in the glasshouse. In limed soils compared with the control soil, genotypic variation in shoot growth ranged from 58 to 80%, root weight from 49 to 72%, and leaf chlorophyll concentration from 47 to 96%. In the alkaline soil, shoot weight ranged from 75 to 110%, root weight from 39 to 63%, and chlorophyll concentration from 58 to 94% of the control. However, iron chlorosis did not negatively correlate with shoot growth of the genotypes on the limed or alkaline soils. The results suggest that iron chlorosis may not be used as a sole indicator for selecting tolerant albus lupins for alkaline soils. Nineteen lines including those used in the glasshouse were compared in the field for their ability to grow on an alkaline clay. Large genotypic variation in early shoot growth was also found; shoot weight on the alkaline soil relative to an acid soil ranged from 38 to 85%. However, growth performance of the white lupin genotypes in response to the alkaline soil did not correlate with those in the glasshouse, indicating that factors other than soil alkalinity might also be important for the growth of albus lupin. Screening techniques to identify tolerant genotypes for alkaline soils need to be further developed.

A method to identify lupin species tolerant of alkaline soils

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Tang ◽  
H Adams ◽  
NE Longnecker ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Root Elongation ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Iron Chlorosis ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Root Elongation Rate ◽  
Shoot Weight

Narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grow poorly on alkaline soils. In contrast, L. pilosus Murr. and L. atlanticus Glad. grow well on such soils. This study aimed to develop a solution culture method to screen lupin species for their ability to grow well on alkaline soils. Sixteen lupin genotypes from 6 species, including introduced cultivars and wild types, were grown in high pH solutions with varying concentrations of buffers and bicarbonate. Relative taproot elongation, shoot growth and iron chlorosis were compared with iron chlorosis, relative shoot growth and seed yield for the same genotypes on an alkaline soil in the field. The results suggested that root elongation rate at pH 7 in solution buffered with a mixture of 1 mmol MES/L and 1 mmol TESL (plus 10 mmol CaCl2/L), and shoot weight at 5 mmol bicarbonate/L at pH 8.7 are good indicators of tolerance to an alkaline soil among the lupin species.

Iron Deficiency Chlorosis and Seed Yield in Dry Edible Beans Grown on High-pH Calcareous Soils

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 444f-445
Author(s):  
J.W. Gonzales ◽  
D.P. Coyne ◽  
W.W. Stroup
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Iron Deficiency Chlorosis ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Ph ◽  
The Third ◽  
Content Index

Iron deficiency chlorosis (FeDC) can cause significant seed yield reduction in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown on high-pH calcareous soils. To determine the effects of FeDC on seed yield, and the effect of Fe-spray as a correction factor for FeDC, 22 breeding lines/cultivars were planted on high-pH (8.0), calcareous (3.2–3.5 calcium carbonate equivalent), and low-Fe (1.8–4.2 ppm DTPA) sandy clay loam Tripp soils at Mitchell and Scottsbluff in western Nebraska. A split-plot design was used with Fe treatments as main plots and breeding lines/cultivars as subplots. Three foliar sprays of Fe-EDDHA (2.4 kg·ha–1) were applied at V4, R5, and R7 dry bean growth stages, during 1996 and 1997. Leaf chlorosis was measured simultaneously by using a Minolta Chroma-meter (CIE L* a* b* color space system), a Minolta Chlorophyll-meter (chlorophyll content index), and by visual ratings (1 = normal green to 5 = severe chlorosis). In 1996 no significant Fe-spray × line interaction (P = 0.776) and Fe-spray effect (P = 0.884) on seed yield was observed. Breeding lines showed significant differences in seed yield (P = 0.0001) with WM2-96-5 being the highest-yielding line (4047 kg·ha–1). In 1997 a significant Fe spray × line interaction (P = 0.029) was observed. The cultivar Chase without Fe spray (3375 kg·ha–1), and lines WM2-96-5 (3281 kg·ha–1), WM2-96-8 (3171 kg·ha–1) with Fe spray were the highest yielding entries under those treatments. Differences in visual ratings after the third Fe spray in 1997 were significant (P = 0.004) for Fe spray × line interaction. In 1996 visual ratings were different only for breeding lines. Chlorophyll content index showed a significant Fe spray × line interaction after the second Fe spray (P = 0.022) and after the third Fe spray (P = 0.0003) in 1997.

Directed evolution of yeast ferric reductase to produce plants with tolerance to iron deficiency in alkaline soils

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1159-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Oki ◽  
Suyeon Kim ◽  
Hiromi Nakanishi ◽  
Michiko Takahashi ◽  
Hirotaka Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Directed Evolution ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Ferric Reductase

scholarly journals CONTROL OF GRAPEVINE DECLINE WITH THE USE OF DRAINS AND RIDGES

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
REMI NATALIN DAMBROS ◽  
MARCO ANTONIO DALBÓ ◽  
CRISTIANO JOÃO ARIOLI ◽  
MILTON DA VEIGA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Grapevine Decline ◽  
Santa Catarina State

ABSTRACT The incidence of grapevine decline and dye back is quite severe in grapevine-growing regions of southern Brazil, especially in the Midwest of Santa Catarina State. Field studies on problematic areas identified the presence of the Brazilian ground pearl or margarodes (Eurhizococcus brasiliensis Hempel) and soil fungi (Cylindrocarpon, Fusarium and others) associated with the disease. Soil characteristics such as high clay content and poor aeration were associated with the problem. To evaluate the effect of pre-planting tillage in reducing the incidence of grapevine decline, an experiment was carried out with two rootstocks and three pre-planting tillage (regular plowing, drains, and ridges) in an area where high plant mortality had been previously observed. Pre-planting tillage with the use of ridges along the rows gave the best results with a drastic reduction in the decline incidence. The number of ground pearl cysts was unaffected by pre-planting tillage and did not relate with the incidence of decline and death of plants.

scholarly journals Contrasting pH buffering patterns in neutral-alkaline soils along a 3600 km transect in northern China

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 13215-13240 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Luo ◽  
P. N. Nelson ◽  
M.-H. Li ◽  
J. Cai ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Initial Ph

Abstract. Soil pH buffering capacity (pHBC) plays a crucial role in predicting acidification rates, yet its large-scale patterns and controls are poorly understood, especially for neutral-alkaline soils. Here, we evaluated the spatial patterns and drivers of pHBC along a 3600 km long transect (1900 km sub-transect with carbonate containing soils and 1700 km sub-transect with non-carbonate containing soils) across northern China. Soil pHBC was greater in the carbonate containing soils than in the non-carbonate containing soils. Acid addition decreased soil pH in the non-carbonate containing soils more markedly than in the carbonate containing soils. Within the carbonate soil sub-transect, soil pHBC was positively correlated with cation exchange capacity (CEC), carbonate content and exchangeable sodium (Na) concentration, but negatively correlated with initial pH and clay content, and not correlated with soil organic carbon (SOC) content. Within the non-carbonate sub-transect, soil pHBC was positively related to initial pH, clay content, CEC and exchangeable Na concentration, but not related to SOC content. Carbonate content was the primary determinant of pHBC in the carbonate containing soils and CEC was the main determinant of buffering capacity in the non-carbonate containing soils. Soil pHBC was positively related to aridity index and carbonate content across the carbonate containing soil sub-transect. Our results indicated that mechanisms controlling pHBC differ among neutral-alkaline soils of northern China, especially between carbonate and non-carbonate containing soils, leading to different rates, risks, and impacts of acidification. This understanding should be incorporated into the acidification risk assessment and landscape management in a changing world.

scholarly journals Inoculation and Soil Texture Effects on Yield and Yield Components of Mungbean

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre A. Diatta ◽  
Wade E. Thomason ◽  
Ozzie Abaye ◽  
Larry J. Vaughan ◽  
Thomas L. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Group I ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is a short-duration and relatively drought-tolerant crop grown predominantly in the tropics. This grain legume can improve soil fertility through biological nitrogen (N) fixation. To assess the effects of Bradyrhizobium (group I) inoculation on yield and yield attributes of mungbean, a greenhouse study was conducted during Fall 2016 with two mungbean cultivars (‘Berken’ and ‘OK2000’), two inoculum treatments (inoculated and uninoculated), and two soil textures (loamy sand and silt loam). Pots were laid out in a completely randomized design and treatment combinations were replicated seven times. The main effects of cultivar and soil texture significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected mungbean seed weight and plant residue mass. Seed yield (13%), plant residue (22%), and protein content (6%) of OK2000 were significantly higher than Berken cultivar. A 31% seed yield and 40% plant residue increase were recorded on silt loam soil compared to loamy sand soil. Significant increase in plant height (18%) and number of pods per plant (21%) were also recorded when mungbean plants were grown on silt loam compared to loamy sand soil. Bradyrhizobium inoculation significantly increased the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per plant, and seed yield. [Cultivar × inoculation] and [cultivar × soil texture] interactions had significant (P ≤ 0.05) effects on number of seeds per pods and plant height, respectively. Understanding the agronomic practices and soil physical properties that may limit mungbean production could help in optimizing its establishment and growth in non-traditional growing areas.

The Organic matter in heavy alkaline soils

1927 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Joseph ◽  
B. W. Whitfeild
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Bright Sunlight ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Different Sources

1. Sudan soils are very low in organic matter, the total organic carbon being usually less than 1 per cent. In the Gezira, the humus carbon is about 40 per cent, of that of the total.2. Humus preparations purified as far as possible could not be obtained ash-free. Specimens of humus from widely different sources contain nearly the same proportion of carbon.3. Humus solutions (in very dilute alkali) keep fairly well in the dark. They also keep in bright sunlight if air is excluded. The use of standard solutions for colorimetric purposes is justified if not kept too long.4. Field studies show that the humus content of good soil is greater than that of poor, and that there is a marked inverse connection between salt and humus content.5. The above conclusion does not apply to the depth distribution of these constituents. In the Gezira, the maximum humus content is found at the fourth foot and the maximum salt content is found at about the same depth.6. The total nitrogen content of the soils studied is low, usually about 0·03 per cent. About one-fifth of this is humus nitrogen, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is about twelve to one.

Reduced growth and yield of wheat with conservation cropping. I. Field studies in the first year of the cropping phase

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Kirkegaard ◽  
JF Angus ◽  
PA Gardner ◽  
W Muller
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
Direct Drilling

An experiment was conducted on a red earth at Harden, N.S.W., to investigate the effects of tillage and stubble management on the growth and yield of wheat in the first year of conservation cropping. Treatments involved stubble-management systems of incorporation, burning or retention combined with tillage systems of either direct drilling or minimum tillage. The experiment was conducted on an oat stubble of 3.9 t ha-1. Direct drilling and stubble retention both reduced seedling growth by 15%, compared to cultivated and stubble burnt treatments, but had no effect on plant density or tillering. The effects on shoot growth were additive and persisted until maturity, leading to grain yields which varied from 2.16 t ha-1 for the stubble-mulched, direct-drilled treatment to 3.20 t ha-1 for the burned-stubble, minimum-till treatment. Direct drilling reduced the total root length in the profile (0-160 cm) at anthesis by 40%, but there was no effect of stubble retention. Reduced shoot growth and rooting depth on direct-drilled and stubble-retained treatments reduced the recovery of water and mineral N by the crop and increased the leaching of mineral N below the root zone. Early shoot growth reductions on direct-drilled plots were not related to levels of soil water, mineral nitrogen (N) or soil temperature. Reduced shoot growth was associated with increased severity of Rhizoctonia in some direct drilled plots, but growth reductions often occurred in the absence of obvious symptoms. High soil strength (>2 MPa) in the top 10 cm of soil may have contributed to reduced growth, although the exact mechanism remains unclear. Reduced growth associated with the presence of stubble was not caused by immobilization of N or increased leaf disease, although reduced soil temperatures may have been partly responsible.

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