scholarly journals Inoculation and Soil Texture Effects on Yield and Yield Components of Mungbean

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre A. Diatta ◽  
Wade E. Thomason ◽  
Ozzie Abaye ◽  
Larry J. Vaughan ◽  
Thomas L. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Group I ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is a short-duration and relatively drought-tolerant crop grown predominantly in the tropics. This grain legume can improve soil fertility through biological nitrogen (N) fixation. To assess the effects of Bradyrhizobium (group I) inoculation on yield and yield attributes of mungbean, a greenhouse study was conducted during Fall 2016 with two mungbean cultivars (‘Berken’ and ‘OK2000’), two inoculum treatments (inoculated and uninoculated), and two soil textures (loamy sand and silt loam). Pots were laid out in a completely randomized design and treatment combinations were replicated seven times. The main effects of cultivar and soil texture significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected mungbean seed weight and plant residue mass. Seed yield (13%), plant residue (22%), and protein content (6%) of OK2000 were significantly higher than Berken cultivar. A 31% seed yield and 40% plant residue increase were recorded on silt loam soil compared to loamy sand soil. Significant increase in plant height (18%) and number of pods per plant (21%) were also recorded when mungbean plants were grown on silt loam compared to loamy sand soil. Bradyrhizobium inoculation significantly increased the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per plant, and seed yield. [Cultivar × inoculation] and [cultivar × soil texture] interactions had significant (P ≤ 0.05) effects on number of seeds per pods and plant height, respectively. Understanding the agronomic practices and soil physical properties that may limit mungbean production could help in optimizing its establishment and growth in non-traditional growing areas.

Effect of Soil Type and Irrigation Method on Lateral Movement of Cycloate

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Stanger ◽  
Arnold P. Appleby
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Lateral Movement ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Echinochloa Crusgalli ◽  
Soil Movement ◽  
Irrigation Method ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil

In greenhouse studies, lateral movement and toxicity ofS-ethyl N-ethylthiocyclohexanecarbamate (cycloate) to barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli(L.) Beauv.) was greater in a loamy sand soil than in two silt loam soils when cycloate was applied by subsurface line injection. Greatest movement and effectiveness resulted from injection into a preirrigated soil without further irrigation. Lateral movement was adequate under furrow irrigation, but the treated band was displaced. Movement of the cycloate was inadequate under sprinkler or subirrigation. Cycloate was more effective when mechanically mixed with the soil than when injected. Cycloate moved more readily in moist soils than in dry soils. When cycloate was injected into a dry loamy sand soil, movement was similar whether irrigation was applied immediately or after 24 hr.

Splash erosion experiments with silt loam and loamy sand soil under simulated rainfall produced by two types of rainfall simulators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nives Zambon ◽  
Lisbeth Lolk Johannsen ◽  
Peter Strauss ◽  
Tomáš Dostál ◽  
David Zumr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Rainfall Simulator ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Splash Erosion ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Soil Erosion By Water

<p>Soil erosion by water is globally the main soil degradation process which leaves serious consequences on agricultural land and water aquifers. Splash erosion is the initial stage of soil erosion by water, resulting from the destructive force of rain drops acting on soil surface aggregates. Splash erosion studies conducted in laboratories use rainfall simulators. They produce artificial rainfall which can vary according to type of the rainfall simulator. In this study the aim was to quantify the differences in splash erosion rates affected by rainfall produced by two different rainfall simulators on two silt loam and one loamy sand soil. Splash erosion was measured using modified Morgan splash cups and the rainfall simulators were equipped with four VeeJet or one FullJet nozzle. The soil samples placed under simulated rainfall were exposed to intensity range from 28 to 54 mm h<sup>-1</sup> and from 35 to 81 mm h<sup>-1</sup>, depending on the rainfall simulator. Rainfall characteristics such as drop size and velocity distribution were measured with an optical laser disdrometer Weather Sensor OTT Parsivel Version 1 (Parsivel) by OTT Messtechnik. Rainfall simulator with VeeJet nozzles produced smaller drops but higher drop velocity which resulted in higher kinetic energy per mm of rainfall compared to rainfall simulator with FullJet nozzles. For the same intensity rate measured kinetic energy under the rainfall simulator with VeeJet nozzles was 45% higher than rainfall kinetic energy from rainfall simulator with FullJet nozzles. Accordingly, the average splash erosion rate was 45 and 59% higher under the rainfall simulator with VeeJet nozzles for one silt loam and loamy sand soil, respectively. Splash erosion was found to be a linear or power function of the rainfall kinetic energy, depending on rainfall simulator. The obtained results highlight the sensitivity of the splash erosion process to rainfall characteristics produced by different rainfall simulators. The heterogeneity of rainfall characteristics between different types of rainfall simulators makes a direct comparison of results obtained from similar erosion studies difficult. Further experiments including comparison between more rainfall simulators could define influencing rainfall parameters on splash erosion under controlled laboratory conditions.</p>

scholarly journals Guidelines for surfactant selection to treat petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Ritoré ◽  
Bruno Coquelet ◽  
Carmen Arnaiz ◽  
José Morillo ◽  
José Usero
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil

AbstractThe present study determined the most effective surfactants to remediate gasoline and diesel-contaminated soil integrating information from soil texture and soil organic matter. Different ranges for aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (> C6–C8, > C8–C10, > C10–C12, > C12–C16, > C16–C21, and > C21–C35) in gasoline and diesel fuel were analyzed. This type of analysis has been investigated infrequently. Three types of soils (silty clay, silt loam, and loamy sand) and four surfactants (non-ionic: Brij 35 and Tween 80; anionic: SDBS and SDS) were used. The results indicated that the largest hydrocarbon desorption was 56% for silty clay soil (SDS), 59% for silt loam soil (SDBS), and 69% for loamy sand soil (SDS). Soils with large amounts of small particles showed the worst desorption efficiencies. Anionic surfactants removed more hydrocarbons than non-ionic surfactants. It was notable that preferential desorption on different hydrocarbon ranges was observed since aliphatic hydrocarbons and large ranges were the most recalcitrant compounds of gasoline and diesel fuel components. Unlike soil texture, natural organic matter concentration caused minor changes in the hydrocarbon removal rates. Based on these results, this study might be useful as a tool to select the most cost-effective surfactant knowing the soil texture and the size and chemical structure of the hydrocarbons present in a contaminated site.

Metabolism of14C-Pronamide in the Soil and in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under Field Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Rouchaud ◽  
Chantal Moons ◽  
Frans Benoit ◽  
Norbert Ceustermans ◽  
Henri Maraite
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Bound Residue ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Kinetics Of

Metabolism of14C-pronamide [N-(1,1-dimethylpropynyl)-3,5-dichlorobenzamide, carbonyl-14C] was studied in silt loam soil (located in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium) and in lettuce (Lactuca sativaL., ‘Appia′, Clause3) from a crop planted in soil that had been treated before planting. During the experiment, most of the14C remained in the 0- to 6-cm soil layer. The percentage of14C-pronamide degraded to14CO2during the experiment was less than 10%. The soil-extractable14C was made up of pronamide and its first ketone metabolite [N-(1,1-dimethylacetonyl)-3,5-dichlorobenzamide]. About 30% of the pronamide present in the soil was bound to the soil. The bound residue, i.e., the14C that could not be extracted by acetone, at lettuce harvest was about 80% of the14C contained in the soil at that time; 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid was the main component of the bound residue. The harvested lettuce also contained pronamide, the ketone, and 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid. Similar kinetics of metabolism were observed with lettuces grown on loamy sand soil (located in St. Kathelijne-Waver, Belgium). However, pronamide was not bound to this type of soil.

Potato injury risk and weed control from reduced rates of PPO inhibitor herbicides

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Jed B. Colquhoun ◽  
Daniel J. Heider ◽  
Richard A. Rittmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
High Precipitation Events ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract The ability to use the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor herbicides fomesafen, flumioxazin, and sulfentrazone in potato is limited regionally or by soil texture largely because of crop injury noted in research in the 1990s. With that in mind, we evaluated if reducing the herbicide rates could maintain weed control while providing more consistent crop safety. Studies were conducted on a silt loam and a coarse-textured loamy sand soil. Soil texture played a greater than anticipated role in PPO inhibitor herbicide injury risk as it relates to high precipitation events. For example, in 2020 at the silt loam location, there were five precipitation events across the season that exceeded 2.5 cm, including one 6 days after treatment (DAT), and a seasonal total precipitation that was over 10 cm greater than the previous year. Despite excessive moisture and initial potato injury as high as 27% where flumioxazin was applied at the high rate with s-metolachlor, by 29 DAT injury was less than 10% in all treatments and marketable tuber yield was similar among treatments. In contrast, in 2020 at the loamy sand location there were four precipitation events across the season that exceeded 2.5 cm and potato injury was as much as 60%. In 2020 the high amount of injury from flumioxazin was hypothesized to be caused by precipitation prior to herbicide application and not after, suggesting a need for more research in this area. This work documents the fine line between yield reduction presumably caused by reduced weed control and yield reduction assumed to be related to herbicide injury. This delineation between adequate weed control and consistent crop safety may differ by soil texture and environmental conditions, supporting the notion that custom-tailored weed management may become more necessary as high precipitation events become more common in Upper Midwest USA agricultural systems.

STUDY OF EFFECT OF EMS, MMS AND GR ON YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN URDBEAN, VIGNA MUNGO

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. SAGADE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The study of the effect of three well known mutagens, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) and gamma rays (GR) on the yield contributing traits of the urdbean variety TPU-4 were carried out in the M3 generation. Effect of selected mutagenic treatments/doses of EMS (0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 M), MMS (0.0025, 0.05 and 0.01 M) and (GR) (30, 40 and 50 KR) on different yield contributing traits like plant height, plant spread, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight were analyzed in the M3 populations of the variety TPU-4. Seeds of M2 plants and control were harvested separately and sown to raise M3 population.. Genetic variabilty in the mutagen administered M3 progeny of the urdbean variety TPU-4 was analyzed by employing statistical methods. Data on mean values and shift in the mean of seven quantitative traits was evaluated on individual plant basis. The experimental findings revealed that concentrations / dose of the all these mutagens showed inhibitory effect on plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod. Lower concentrations of mutagens exerted a promotory effect on plant spread, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant while higher concentrations of these mutagens inhibited them to different extent.

scholarly journals Effect of sulphur on the seed yield and oil content of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Swapan Kumar Paul ◽  
Mosa Morsheda Khatun ◽  
Md Abdur Rahman Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Number Of Branches

Sulphur is a component of plant amino acids, proteins, vitamins, and enzyme structures which influence the productivity of oil seed and total oil content. The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of sulphur on the seed yield and oil content of sesame in Bangladesh. The experiment comprised three varieties of sesame viz. Binatil-2, Binatil-3 and BARI Til-4 and six levels of sulphur (S) viz. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg S ha–1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Dry matter production, crop characters, yield components, seed yield and oil content were significantly influenced by variety, level of sulphur and their interaction. The highest dry matter production plant–1 at 50 DAS (17.56 g), plant height (101.3 cm), number of branches plant–1 (3.66),  number of pods plant-1 (41.56), number of seeds pod-1 (58.83),  seed yield    (747.2 kg ha-1), stover yield (2243.0 kg ha–1) and oil content (40.03%) were obtained in BARI Til-4 while the corresponding lowest values of all parameters were recorded in Binatil-2. In case of sulphur application, the highest dry matter production plant–1 at 50 DAS (20.81 g), plant height (109.7 cm), number of branches plant–1 (3.87),  number of pods plant–1 (46.13),  number of seeds pod-1 (56.67),  seed yield (800.0 kg ha–1), stover yield (2787 kg ha–1 ) and oil content (43.97%) were obtained when crop was fertilized with 30 kg S ha–1 while the lowest seed yield (502.2 kg ha–1), stover yield (1550.0 kg ha–1) and oil content (32.80%) were obtained in control (0 kg S ha–1). BARI Til-4 fertilized with 30 kg S ha–1 produced the highest dry matter plant–1 at 50 DAS (24.80 g), number of pods plant–1 (51.13), seeds pod–1 (62.0) and seed yield (1011.0 kg ha–1). The highest oil content (43.97%) was also recorded in BARI Til-4 fertilized with 30 kg S ha–1, which was as good as that of BARI Til-4 fertilized with 40 kg S ha–1. Therefore, BARI Til-4 fertilized with 30 kg S ha–1 can be considered as a promising practice in respect of seed yield and oil content of sesame in Bangladesh. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(1): 33–38, March 2019

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