Conditions under which flavomycin increases wool growth and liveweight gain in sheep

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Murray ◽  
SG Winslow ◽  
JB Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Climatic Region ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Sources

Flavomycin, a glycolipid feed additive, was evaluated for its potential to improve wool growth and liveweight gain in sheep of two ages and from two different sources. Sheep came from two locations in the Mediterranean climatic region of Western Australia's agricultural area-Mount Barker, with a relatively high rainfall and Wongan Hills with a relatively low rainfall and shorter pasture growing period. Forty weaner sheep, from each source, initially eight months of age and with a mean liveweight of 29 kg (s.e. � 0.3) were studied. There were also 40 adult sheep, from each source, initially 20 months of age with mean liveweights (Wongan Hills) 42 kg (s.e. �0.5) and (Mount Barker) 51 kg (s.e. � 0.7). All animals were housed individually in the one shed and fed a pelleted ration at a level equivalent to 3.1% (weaner) and 3.5% (adult) of each animal's liveweight. The pelleted ration was based on wheat and lucerne chaff, lupin grain and fishmeal. Flavomycin was included at 20 mg/kg pellets and there were 16 sheep of each age and source fed this medicated diet. Twenty-four sheep were fed the unmedicated diet. Wool growth was increased by flavomycin by 14.5% (P < 0.05) but only in adult sheep from Mount Barker. Inclusion of flavomycin in the diet increased liveweight gain in sheep of both ages and from both sources. There was no significant effect of flavomycin on fibre diameter of wool in sheep from the different age groups and sources.

Liveweight gain and wool growth in sheep fed rations containing virginiamycin

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Murray ◽  
JB Rowe ◽  
EM Aitchison ◽  
SG Winslow
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Pelleted Diet

The feed additive virginiamycin was evaluated for its potential to improve wool growth and liveweight gain in Merino sheep in 2 experiments. In the first experiment 84 wethers (about 10 months old) were housed individually and fed ad libitum a pelleted diet based on lucerne chaff, lupin, and barley grain. Control sheep (28) were fed an unmedicated diet, and 14 in each of 4 groups were given diets containing 10, 20, 40, or 60 mg virginiamycin/kg pellets. Virginiamycin was found to reduce feed intake during the first 4-5 weeks of the experiment when included at levels 220 g/t. There was a dose-related reduction in liveweight gain. There was no significant effect of virginiamycin on wool growth. In the second experiment, weaners and adults from 2 locations in Western Australia, Mount Barker (relatively high rainfall) and Wongan Hills (relatively low rainfall and shorter pasture-growing period), were housed individually in a shed and fed a pelleted diet at rates equivalent to 3.5 and 3.1%, respectively, of liveweight for weaners and adults. The pelleted ration was based on wheat and lucerne chaff, lupin grain, and fishmeal. Virginiamycin was included at 20 mg/kg pellets for 16 of 40 sheep of each age and location. The remaining sheep were fed the unmedicated diet. Feed conversion and liveweight gain improved (P<0.05) in response to the inclusion of virginiamycin during the first 4 weeks of the trial, but wool growth was reduced over the same period. Virginiamycin had no effect on fibre diameter in sheep in either experiment.

The influence of protein quality on the effect of flavomycin on wool growth, liveweight change and rumen fermentation in sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 987 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Murray ◽  
JB Rowe ◽  
EM Aitchison
Keyword(s):  
Protein Quality ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wheat Chaff

The feed additive flavomycin, a glycolipid antibiotic, was evaluated for its potential to improve wool growth in sheep fed two pelleted diets: one based on lucerne chaff and lupin grain and the other on wheat chaff and fishmeal. Seventy-eight weaner ewes, approximately 20 months of age and mean weight of 32 kg (s.e. � 0.3), were placed in individual pens and fed the pelleted diets at a level equivalent to 3.5% of the mean liveweight of the group. The experiment consisted of an initial period (8 weeks) during which all animals received their respective diets with no flavomycin, followed by an experimental period (9 weeks) during which the animals received their diets with flavomycin. Flavomycin was included at three different rates (l0, 20 and 40 ppm) in both diets (nine sheep/level) during the experimental period and twelve sheep were fed each of the unmedicated diets (no flavomycin). Feed intakes were measured daily and animals weighed weekly. Wool growth was measured for the initial and experimental periods by clipping a mid-side patch of about 100 cm2. In sheep fed the lucernellupin based diet, flavomycin increased liveweight gain ( P < 0.05) at 20 ppm but had no effect on wool production, whereas in those fed the hay/fishmeal diet, there was a linear decrease in liveweight gain (P < 0.001) (161, 151, 142, 130 g day-1) and a dose related increase in clean wool production (P<0.01) (12.9, 14.5, 15.2, 15.3 g m-2 day-1) with increasing rates of flavomycin (0, 10, 20, 40 ppm respectively). There was no significant effect of flavomycin on fibre diameter in the sheep fed either diet. The inclusion of flavomycin in both diets significantly increased the molar proportions of propionate in the rumen fluid and in sheep on the hay/fishmeal pellet it reduced the concentration of rumen ammonia. The time animals took to eat their ration was increased with the inclusion of flavomycin in the hay/fishmeal diet.

Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Principal Axis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Diminishing Returns ◽  
The One ◽  
Armed Services ◽  
Principal Axis Factor

Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns (SLODR) with regard to age was tested in two different databases from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The first database consisted of 6,980 boys and girls aged 12–16 from the 1997 cohort ( NLSY 1997 ). The subjects were tested with a computer-administered adaptive format (CAT) of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) consisting of 12 subtests. The second database consisted of 11,448 male and female subjects aged 15–24 from the 1979 cohort ( NLSY 1979 ). These subjects were tested with the older 10-subtest version of the ASVAB. The hypothesis was tested by dividing the sample into Young and Old age groups while keeping IQ fairly constant by a method similar to the one developed and employed by Deary et al. (1996) . The different age groups were subsequently factor-analyzed separately. The eigenvalue of the first principal component (PC1) and the first principal axis factor (PAF1), and the average intercorrelation of the subtests were used as estimates of the g saturation and compared across groups. There were no significant differences in the g saturation across age groups for any of the two samples, thereby pointing to no support for this aspect of Spearman's “Law of Diminishing Returns.”

Older workers in the Russian labor market: Trends in employment reallocation

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-34
Author(s):  
Anna L. Lukyanova ◽  
Rostislav I. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Intellectual Labor ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Trade Education ◽  
The One

The paper analyzes changes in job opportunities of older workers in Russia in the period 2005—2017. The study uses the data from the Russian Labor Force Survey conducted by Rosstat. Changes in the occupational and industrial composition of elderly workers follow the trends pursued by other age groups: employment shifts from low- to high-skilled occupations, from physical to intellectual labor, and from material production to the service sector. We find a stronger polarization among older workers as their occupational structure is biased in favor of, on the one hand, the most and, on the other hand, the least qualified types of jobs. Employment of the elderly has fallen sharply in agriculture and manufacturing with a significant increase in trade, education, and health. Although the employment structure of older workers is generally more “traditionalist”, recent decades have witnessed its transformation in “progressive” directions, similarly to other age groups. These findings suggest that the legislated increase in the state retirement age is not likely to give rise to sizeable unemployment among the elderly. Most of them will be able to work in the occupations and industries previously dominated by young and prime-age workers.

scholarly journals Comparison of Cerebrovascular Response to Hypoxic and Carbon Monoxide Hypoxia in Newborn and Adult Sheep

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond C. Koehler ◽  
Richard J. Traystman ◽  
Scott Zeger ◽  
Mark C. Rogers ◽  
M. Douglas Jones
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hypoxic Hypoxia ◽  
Dissociation Curve ◽  
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses to two types of isocapnic hypoxia, hypoxic hypoxia (HH) and carbon monoxide hypoxia (COH), were examined in seven unanesthetized adult sheep by the radiolabeled microsphere technique. Comparisons were made with newborn lambs (5–12 days old) previously studied under similar conditions. The arterial O2 content (Cao2) was reduced in a graded manner to 50–60% of the control value. During HH, CBF increased to maintain cerebral O2 delivery (Cao2 x CBF) in both adults and newborns; however, cerebral O2 uptake (CMRO2) did not change. Although CMRO2 was higher in newborns, the responses of CBF/CMRO2 to HH did not differ significantly in newborns and adults. In newborns, regional CBF showed that brainstem areas were particularly responsive to HH. In both age groups, CBF increased to a greater extent with COH than with HH for similar reductions in Cao2. This resulted in an increase in cerebral O2 delivery with COH. The degree to which COH differed from HH correlated with the magnitude of the leftward shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve that accompanies COH. In adults, CMRO2 fell by 16% with COH but was maintained in newborns. We conclude that maintenance of cerebral O2 delivery during acute, isocapnic HH is a property of CBF regulation common to both newborn and adult sheep. During COH, the position of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is an additional factor that sets the level of O2 delivery. The fetal conditions of low Cao2 and a left-shifted oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve may have provided the newborn with a microcirculation better suited for maintaining CMRO2 during COH.

The role of prosody in morphological change: The case of Hebrew bound numerals

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irit Meir
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Grammaticality Judgments ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The One

AbstractThe morphological system of cardinal numerals in Modern Hebrew is currently undergoing rapid changes, enabling linguists to unravel the forces shaping the change as it takes place. In the free forms, gender marking on numerals is neutralized by collapsing both masculine and feminine forms into one paradigm, the feminine paradigm. In the bound (definite) forms, an opposite direction is attested, in that at least for some numerals, the masculine forms become more prevalent. The study reported here aims to determine whether the factor determining the change is prosodic or functional in nature, by eliciting production and grammaticality judgments of noun phrases containing bound numerals from five different age groups of native speakers. The results suggest that prosody plays a role in shaping the change, as forms with penultimate stress are favored over those with ultimate stress. In addition, processes of production and processes of grammaticality judgments seem to be subject to different kinds of constraints. This state of affairs indicates that the tension between the tendencies toward simplification on the one hand and maximal distinctness on the other occurs at the morphological level as well.

scholarly journals Innovative design and simulation of clothing products for children with atypical changes in conformation and posture

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (01) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
POPESCU GEORGETA ◽  
NICULESCU CLAUDIA ◽  
OLARU SABINA
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
The Body ◽  
Virtual Simulation ◽  
Simulation And Modeling ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
3D Simulations ◽  
The One ◽  
Product Verification

The paper presents the design stages of clothing products for children with atypical changes in conformation and posture and the virtual simulation and modeling for the body-product verification. The design technology is an innovative one that allows obtaining the customized patterns by made-to-measure method applied to standardized patterns for all age groups of children, selecting the one corresponding to the typo-dimension of studied subject. The large number of existing anthropometric data and viewing virtual body allows the identification of areas of the body that shows changes in conformation and posture and provides information to the designer and pattern technician in order to develop suitable products in terms of functionality and aesthetics. With the help of simulation software Optitex 3D simulations modeling is performed on the body until fulfillment of the compliance degree for the designed product.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF SMOKING IN ADULT POPULATION OF IRKUTSK

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Максикова ◽  
Tatyana Maksikova ◽  
Бабанская ◽  
Evgeniya Babanskaya ◽  
Меньшикова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Considerable Problem ◽  
The One

Smoking is a significant risk factor of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Smoking prevalence is variable in different populations. A study of the prevalence of this risk factor allows to estimate its contribution to the development of cardiovascular pathology, to plan the necessary amount of medical care for people using tobacco, and to determine the effectiveness of prevention activities in the region. As a result of the study, smoking frequency in population of the Irkutsk region older 18years of age or over was established as 29.5%. The number of smokers increased with age, reaching maximum value of 38.6% in the group 30–39 years. Male smokers made maximum in the age group 30–39 years, women – in the age group of 18–19 years. The average age of smokers was 34 years, the one of nonsmokers – 43 years. The age difference was 9 years, and it was lower in the group of men than in the group of women (5 and 11 years, respectively). The number of the smoking men were 3 times larger, than women: 50.2% and 13.5%, respectively. Among persons with arterial hypertension, 22.1% were smoking with the maximum frequency of smoking in age groups from 20 to 49 years. These figures point to a considerable problem of smoking in the region.

scholarly journals A review on production of biodiesel from waste cooking oils

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Muzhda Azizi ◽  
Sweeta Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
The One ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
Different Sources

Nowadays, preservation of natural resources on earth is one of the most important concerns of humanity. In this regard, increasing the consumption of energy is one of the most critical challenges that humans are facing. Because, on the one hand, the untapped use of different sources of energy from fossil fuels can destroy this natural resource and, on the other hand, pollution from the use of these resources is a serious threat to the environment. Recent research suggests that affordable, sustainable and environmentally friendly fuels, which can be a good alternative to fossil fuels, have become more important. Therefore, biodiesel has made it possible to release less greenhouse gas emission and low toxicity emissions, which can partly meet fuel requirements and is the best alternative for petroleum diesel. In addition, the waste cooking oils are a major source of biodiesel for their essential compounds, such as glycerol. The use of waste cooking oils can reduce biodiesel production cost by 60 to 90 percent. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to study the production of biodiesel using transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil as an alternative fuel to petroleum diesel that can be used easily in diesel engines.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the pathogenic effect of the association of eimeria on hybrid rabbits at different doses of infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 06034
Author(s):  
K. Sidorenko ◽  
M. Mkrtchyan ◽  
O. Kaidalova
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Pathogenic Effect ◽  
Intestinal Length ◽  
Retail Display ◽  
The One ◽  
Meat Productivity

Rabbit breeding is one of the promising branches of animal husbandry, but its development is hampered by various diseases. The problem of the pathogenic influence of parasites of the genus Eimeria on the organism of rabbits at different infective doses is still quite urgent. The study was conducted on hybrids of rabbits of Soviet Chinchilla and Californian breeds at 30 and 45 days of age. Within the framework of the experiment 6 groups of young rabbits were formed by the method of pair-analogs. The one-day old rabbits in the experimental groups were infected with oocysts of the association of Eimeria species E. perforans and E. irresidua at doses of 100 000 (2 groups) and 200 000(2 groups) per head, and in control groups (2 groups) - remained intact throughout the experiment. To analyze the pathogenic effect of parasites determination of meat productivity, veterinary and sanitary assessment of carcasses, linear measurements of intestinal length as well as histological studies of the walls of the small intestine were carried out in rabbits of these age groups. The research results showed that rabbits-hybrids infected at a dose of 100 000 and 200 000 oocysts per head demonstrate significant reduction of the increase in live weight and slaughter yield, despite the preservation of the retail display of the carcasses.

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