Pathogenic variation of powdery mildew of barley in Western Australia

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Chan ◽  
WJR Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Pathogenic Variation

The identity and estimated frequency of genes for virulence in natural field populations of Endsiphe grarninis f.sp. hordei is reported in Western Australia. Fifteen genes were identified, five of which occurred at relatively high frequency. Only two of those identified (Vk and Vg) can be accounted for on the basis of natural selection due to the presence of corresponding resistance genes in commercial barley cultivars. Implications for breeding for host resistance in Western Australia are discussed.

scholarly journals Virulence frequencies to powdery mildew resistance genes of winter barley cultivars

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Random Samples

The virulence frequencies to powdery mildew resistance genes possessed by winter barley cultivars registered and newly tested in the Czech Republic were studied in 2000, 2002 and 2004. Random samples of the populations originating from winter and spring barley fields were obtained from the air by a mobile version of a jet spore sampler mounted on a car roof. Conidia were sampled by driving across the Czech Republic. Fourteen differentials, carrying 18 out of 20 currently identified resistance genes present in winter barley cultivars, were used. High virulence frequencies (85–100%) to most resistance genes were found. Lower virulence frequencies (14.1–40.1%) were found to only three resistance genes that have not been described yet; their preliminary designations are Ml(Va), Ml(Dt) and Ml(Ca). The importance of resistance of winter barley cultivars is discussed with respect to limiting the speed with which the pathogen adapts to genetic resistances possessed by commercial cultivars of both winter and spring barley, and to the necessity of lowering the costs for powdery mildew control in barley.

scholarly journals Specific Resistance of Barley to Powdery Mildew, Its Use and Beyond: A Concise Critical Review

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonín Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Barley Cultivars

Powdery mildew caused by the airborne ascomycete fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) is one of most common diseases of barley (Hordeum vulgare). This, as with many other plant pathogens, can be efficiently controlled by inexpensive and environmentally-friendly genetic resistance. General requirements for resistance to the pathogens are effectiveness and durability. Resistance of barley to Bgh has been studied intensively, and this review describes recent research and summarizes the specific resistance genes found in barley varieties since the last conspectus. Bgh is extraordinarily adaptable, and some commonly recommended strategies for using genetic resistance, including pyramiding of specific genes, may not be effective because they can only contribute to a limited extent to obtain sufficient resistance durability of widely-grown cultivars. In spring barley, breeding the nonspecific mlo gene is a valuable source of durable resistance. Pyramiding of nonspecific quantitative resistance genes or using introgressions derived from bulbous barley (Hordeum bulbosum) are promising ways for breeding future winter barley cultivars. The utilization of a wide spectrum of nonhost resistances can also be adopted once practical methods have been developed.

Inheritance of scald resistance in barley. I. Resistance of genes of group A barley cultivars

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Ali
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Common Gene ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Common

The genetic basis of resistance and susceptibility of barley cultivars to Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) Davis was determined from F2 and F3 progenies of crosses among five resistant and four susceptible cultivars. The resistant cultivars Psaknon, Atlas 46, Atlas 57, Hudson and Turk were found to share a common gene in addition to other genes for resistance. No race of the pathogen found in Western Australia was able to overcome the resistance conferred by the common gene. The effectiveness of the identified resistance genes to two isolates of R. secalis was studied under glasshouse conditions in winter and summer, and in the field during winter.

scholarly journals A novel way to identify specific powdery mildew resistance genes in hybrid barley cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonín Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Response Type ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Dominant Genes ◽  
Cereal Disease

Abstract Powdery mildew, a common cereal disease caused by the fungus Blumeria graminis, is a major limiting factor of barley production and genetic resistance is the most appropriate protection against it. To aid the breeding of new cultivars and their marketing, resistance genes can be postulated in homogeneous accessions. Although hybrid cultivars (F1) should be homogeneous, they are often not genetically uniform, especially if more than two genotypes are involved in their seed production or due to undesirable self-pollination, out-crossing and mechanical admixtures. To overcome these problems the accepted method of postulating specific resistance genes based on comparing response type arrays (RTAs) of genetically homogeneous cultivars with RTAs of standard genotypes was substituted by analysing the frequency of response types to clusters of pathogen isolates in segregating F2 generations. This method combines a genetic and phytopathological approach for identifying resistance genes. To assess its applicability six hybrid cultivars were screened and from three to seven with a total of 14 resistance genes were found. Two genes were newly located at the Mla locus and their heritability determined. In addition, three unknown dominant genes were detected. This novel, comprehensive and efficient method to identifying resistance genes in hybrid cultivars can also be applied in other cereals and crops.

scholarly journals New Pathotype Nomenclature for Better Characterisation the Virulence and Diversity of Blumeria graminis f.sp. avenae Populations

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1852
Author(s):  
Sylwia Okoń ◽  
Magdalena Cieplak ◽  
Adam Kuzdraliński ◽  
Tomasz Ociepa
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Differential Set ◽  
Letter Code ◽  
First Time

Fungal cereal pathogens, including Blumeria graminis f.sp. avenae, have the ability to adapt to specific conditions, which in turn leads to overcoming host resistance. An important aspect is the standardized way of characterizing the races and pathotypes of the pathogen. In the presented work, for the first time it was proposed to use a unified letter code that allows describing the pathotypes of B. graminis f.sp. avenae. The set of 14 oat genotypes were used as a differential set. This set included genotypes having so far described powdery mildew resistance genes Pm1–Pm11, and two genotypes (A. sterilis and A. strigosa) with effective sources of resistance to Bga. Based on the analysis of 160 Bga isolates collected in 2016–2019 from 4 locations in Poland, the most numerous was the TBBB pathotype, represented by 30% of the tested isolates. It was present in all analyzed populations. Subsequently, 8.1% and 6.3% of the isolates represented the TBCB and RBBB pathotypes, respectively.

scholarly journals Pathogenic Variation in Rhynchosporium secalis on Barley in Ethiopia

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
K. Meles ◽  
M. Hulluka ◽  
M.L. Deadman
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Effective Resistance ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Differential Host ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Pathogenic Variation ◽  
Pathogenic Variability

This paper presents the first detailed study on pathogenic variability in Rhynchosporium secalis in Ethiopia. Twenty four isolates of R. secalis, collected from Arsi, Bale and Shoa, major barley growing locations in Ethiopia, were tested on ten differential host cultivars, with known genes for resistance to the disease. The most frequent pathotypes were those inducing susceptible reactions on cvs Steudelli and Kitchen and the least complex pathotype identified was able to induce a susceptible reaction on these two cultivars only. Pathotypes 16 and 7 were the most complex and were able to induce susceptible reactions on 10 and 9 of the differential host cultivars respectively. These pathotypes were collected from research stations and were isolated from improved barley cultivars belonging to the malting barley type. The most frequent pathotype was pathotype 6 which was represented by four isolates from different locations in Arsi, Bale and Shoa. Pathogenic variation was detected amongst spores collected from the same field and from the same geographical location. The most effective resistance genes were those possessed by Turk, La-Mesita, Bey, Nigrinudum, Jet and Forrajera.   

Identification and SSR Mapping of Two Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes in Wild Emmer (Triticum dicoccoides) Accessions IW3 and IW10

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen-Qiao LI ◽  
Ti-Lin FANG ◽  
Hong-Tao ZHANG ◽  
Chao-Jie XIE ◽  
Zuo-Min YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Triticum Dicoccoides ◽  
Wild Emmer ◽  
Mildew Resistance
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