Inheritance of scald resistance in barley. I. Resistance of genes of group A barley cultivars

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Ali
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Common Gene ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Common

The genetic basis of resistance and susceptibility of barley cultivars to Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) Davis was determined from F2 and F3 progenies of crosses among five resistant and four susceptible cultivars. The resistant cultivars Psaknon, Atlas 46, Atlas 57, Hudson and Turk were found to share a common gene in addition to other genes for resistance. No race of the pathogen found in Western Australia was able to overcome the resistance conferred by the common gene. The effectiveness of the identified resistance genes to two isolates of R. secalis was studied under glasshouse conditions in winter and summer, and in the field during winter.

Inheritance of scald resistance in barley. II.* Resistance genes of group B barley cultivars

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Ali
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
West China ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Group B

The genetic basis of resistance to Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) Davis of barley cultivars La Mesita, West China and Sakigake differentiated as group B were determined from F2, F3 and BC1 progenies. The resistance genes identified are situated at different loci from each other. The effectiveness of the identified resistance genes to two isolates of Rhynchosporium secalis was studied under glasshouse conditions in winter and in summer, and also in the field. The inheritance of resistance genes of group B cultivars was found to be greatly influenced by environmental factors. *Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 26: 243 (1975).

Barley grass as a source of pathogenic variation in Rhynchosporium secalis

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Ali
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Pathogenic Variation ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
F2 Progeny

The pathogenic variability of 150 isolates of Rhynchospovium secalis collected in southern Australia was examined on 20 biotypes of barley grass (Hordeum lepovinum). The isolates were differentiated into 20 pathotypes on the basis of the reactions of the barley grass. The genetic basis of resistance and susceptibility of barley grass to R. secalis was determined from F2 progeny of crosses among three resistant and two susceptible biotypes of barley grass. The resistance genes identified were all dominant.

Pathogenic variation of powdery mildew of barley in Western Australia

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Chan ◽  
WJR Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Pathogenic Variation

The identity and estimated frequency of genes for virulence in natural field populations of Endsiphe grarninis f.sp. hordei is reported in Western Australia. Fifteen genes were identified, five of which occurred at relatively high frequency. Only two of those identified (Vk and Vg) can be accounted for on the basis of natural selection due to the presence of corresponding resistance genes in commercial barley cultivars. Implications for breeding for host resistance in Western Australia are discussed.

scholarly journals Pathogenic Variation in Rhynchosporium secalis on Barley in Ethiopia

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
K. Meles ◽  
M. Hulluka ◽  
M.L. Deadman
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Effective Resistance ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Differential Host ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Pathogenic Variation ◽  
Pathogenic Variability

This paper presents the first detailed study on pathogenic variability in Rhynchosporium secalis in Ethiopia. Twenty four isolates of R. secalis, collected from Arsi, Bale and Shoa, major barley growing locations in Ethiopia, were tested on ten differential host cultivars, with known genes for resistance to the disease. The most frequent pathotypes were those inducing susceptible reactions on cvs Steudelli and Kitchen and the least complex pathotype identified was able to induce a susceptible reaction on these two cultivars only. Pathotypes 16 and 7 were the most complex and were able to induce susceptible reactions on 10 and 9 of the differential host cultivars respectively. These pathotypes were collected from research stations and were isolated from improved barley cultivars belonging to the malting barley type. The most frequent pathotype was pathotype 6 which was represented by four isolates from different locations in Arsi, Bale and Shoa. Pathogenic variation was detected amongst spores collected from the same field and from the same geographical location. The most effective resistance genes were those possessed by Turk, La-Mesita, Bey, Nigrinudum, Jet and Forrajera.   

scholarly journals Occurrence of anthracnose pathogen races and resistance genes in common bean across 30 years in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Pollyana Priscila Schuertz Paulino ◽  
Maria Celeste Gonçalves-Vidigal ◽  
Mariana Vaz Bisneta ◽  
Pedro Soares Vidigal-Filho ◽  
Maria Paula Barion Alves Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Anthracnose Resistance ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is one of the most critical diseases in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The characterization and localization of pathogenic fungal races are essential for understanding pathogen population dynamics and recommending strategies to develop resistant cultivars. As resistant genotypes are the most economical and ecologically safe means of controlling plant diseases, there have been efforts to characterize resistance genes in common bean. Several studies using a system of 12 differential bean cultivars have been carried out to monitor anthracnose since 1991, reporting the constant appearance of new fungal races. C. lindemuthianum shows high virulence diversity. The objective of the present study was to review the relationship between C. lindemuthianum races and the common bean pathogenic processes involved in the risk of developing anthracnose disease. As a result, 89 races occurred in Brazil, wherein 73, 65, and 81 of C. lindemuthianum are the most frequent. Furthermore, we built a map with the anthracnose resistance loci, molecular markers, and their respective physical position. The accessibility to the genomes and sequencing technologies permits molecular markers for marker-assisted selection applied to anthracnose-resistant cultivars. This study could be used as a reference for future resistance mapping studies and as a guide for selecting resistance loci in breeding programs aiming to develop common bean cultivars with durable anthracnose resistance.

Hyperstimulation of the immune system as a cause of autoimmune diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-213
Author(s):  
Varvara A. Ryabkova ◽  
Leonid P. Churilov ◽  
Yehuda Shoenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Polygenic Inheritance ◽  
Autoimmune Pathology ◽  
The Common

The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is very complex and multi-factorial. The concept of Mosaics of Autoimmunity was introduced to the scientific community 30 years ago by Y. Shoenfeld and D.A. Isenberg, and since then new tiles to the puzzle are continuously added. This concept specifies general pathological ideas about the multifactorial threshold model for polygenic inheritance with a threshold effect by the action of a number of external causal factors as applied to the field of autoimmunology. Among the external factors that can excessively stimulate the immune system, contributing to the development of autoimmune reactions, researchers are particularly interested in chemical substances, which are widely used in pharmacology and medicine. In this review we highlight the autoimmune dynamics i.e. a multistep pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and the subsequent development of lymphoma in some cases. In this context several issues are addressed namely, genetic basis of autoimmunity; environmental immunostimulatory risk factors; gene/environmental interaction; pre-clinical autoimmunity with the presence of autoantibodies; and the mechanisms, underlying lymphomagenesis in autoimmune pathology. We believe that understanding the common model of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is the first step to their successful management.

Admissibility of confession evidence: Principles of hearsay and the rule of voluntariness

2021 ◽  
pp. 136571272110022
Author(s):  
Jennifer Porter
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Common Law ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Trial Judge ◽  
Important Policy ◽  
Oral Testimony ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Law ◽  
Confession Evidence

The common law test of voluntariness has come to be associated with important policy rationales including the privilege against self-incrimination. However, when the test originated more than a century ago, it was a test concerned specifically with the truthfulness of confession evidence; which evidence was at that time adduced in the form of indirect oral testimony, that is, as hearsay. Given that, a century later, confession evidence is now mostly adduced in the form of an audiovisual recording that can be observed directly by the trial judge, rather than as indirect oral testimony, there may be capacity for a different emphasis regarding the question of admissibility. This article considers the law currently operating in Western Australia, Queensland and South Australia to see whether or not, in the form of an audiovisual recording, the exercise of judicial discretion as to the question of the admissibility of confession evidence might be supported if the common law test of voluntariness was not a strict test of exclusion.

Inheritance and development of molecular markers linked to angular leaf spot resistance genes in the common bean accession G10909

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Mahuku ◽  
María Antonia Henríquez ◽  
Carmenza Montoya ◽  
Carlos Jara ◽  
Henry Teran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Angular Leaf Spot ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals Prevalence of ACSL (rs6552828) polymorphism among runners

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Sigal Ben-Zaken ◽  
Yoav Meckel ◽  
Dan Nemet ◽  
Alon Eliakim
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
The Common

The ACSL A/G polymorphism is associated with endurance trainability. Previous studies have demonstrated that homozygotes of the minor AA allele had a reduced maximal oxygen consumption response to training compared to the common GG allele homozygotes, and that the ACSL A/G single nucleotide polymorphism explained 6.1% of the variance in the VO2max response to endurance training. The contribution of ACSL single nucleotide polymorphism to endurance trainability was shown in nonathletes, however, its potential role in professional athletes is not clear. Moreover, the genetic basis to anaerobic trainability is even less studied. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of ACSL single nucleotide polymorphism among professional Israeli long distance runners (n=59), middle distance runners (n=31), sprinters and jumpers (n=48) and non-athletic controls (n=60). The main finding of the present study was that the ACSL1 AA genotype, previously shown to be associated with reduced endurance trainability, was not higher among sprinters and jumpers (15%) compared to middle- (16%) and long-distance runners (15%). This suggests that in contrast to previous studies indicating that the ACSL1 single nucleotide polymorphism may influence endurance trainability among non-athletic individuals, the role of this polymorphism among professional athletes is still not clear.

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