Acidification of soil associated with lupins grown in a crop rotation in north-eastern Victoria

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Coventry ◽  
WJ Slattery
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Initial Ph

Soil pH decline and net acidification inputs were determined for a long-term crop rotation experiment at Rutherglen in north-eastern Victoria. The rotations utilized were continuous wheat (WW), a 1 : 1 wheat-lupin sequence (WL) and continuous lupins (LL), and each rotation was cropped from 1975-1989. The soil at the site had an initial pH (0.01 mol/LCaCl2) of 6.0 (0-10 cm depth), sandy loam texture, and had a past use of grape vines and then lucerne pasture. The soil pH (0-10 cm) declined for each rotation with time (1977/78-1988/89), decreasing by about 0.8 units for WW and further decreasing with the inclusion of lupin in the rotation. Compared with the WW soil, the WL soil pH was 0.7 and 0.4 units lower at 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm depth and the LL soil pH was 1.0 and 0.8 units lower at 5-10 and 10-15 cm depth. There was no difference in pH between WW and WL below 20 cm depth, but the LL soil had a significantly lower pH to 40 cm depth. Acidification rates were calculated for the period of cropping and for the 3 rotations, with rates of 3.22, 4.11 and 5.26 kmols H+/ha.yr as net acid input for WW, WL and LL rotations. These values represent a rapid rate of soil acidification. The removal of alkalinity in grain accounted for between 15-21% of the overall calculated acidification rate for the 3 rotations. Therefore, it is likely in this cropping system that the acidification largely results from progressive nitrate leaching.

scholarly journals Do Long-Term Continuous Cropping and Pesticides Affect Earthworm Communities?

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Treder ◽  
Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽  
Marta Katarzyna Kostrzewska ◽  
Przemysław Makowski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Harvest Residues ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Density And Biomass

Earthworm species composition, the density of individuals, and their biomass were investigated in spring barley and faba bean fields in a long-term (52-year) experiment conducted at the Production and Experimental Station in Bałcyny, in north-eastern Poland (53°40′ N; 19°50′ E). Additionally, post-harvest residues biomass, soil organic matter (SOM), and soil pH were recorded. The above traits were investigated using two experimental factors: I. cropping system—continuous cropping (CC) vs. crop rotation (CR) and II. pesticide plant protection: herbicide + fungicide (HF+) vs. no plant protection (HF−). A total of three species of Lumbricidae were found: Aporrectodea caliginosa (Sav.) in both crops, Aporrectodea rosea (Sav.) in spring barley, and Lumbricus terrestris (L.) in faba bean. The density and biomass of earthworms were unaffected by experimental treatments in spring barley fields, whereas in faba bean CC increased and HF+ decreased earthworm density and biomass in comparison with CR and HF− respectively. Total post-harvest residues in faba bean fields were higher under CC in relation to CR and under HF+ compared with HF− treatment in both crops. Compared to CR, CC increased soil pH in spring barley fields and decreased in faba bean fields. Experimental factors did not affect SOM. Earthworm density and biomass were positively correlated with SOM content.

scholarly journals Responses of crop yield, apparent potassium balance, and soil potassium status to long-term fertilization and lime addition in acidic Ultisol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianfu Han ◽  
Dongchu Li ◽  
Kailou Liu ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Lime Addition

Soil acidification is one of the major soil degradation phenomenon in tropical and subtropical region, which cause reductions in soil fertility, particularly potassium (K), and declines in crop yield. However, it remains unclear whether and how the status of K in soils and crops changes with the application of lime to alleviate soil acidification. Six treatments of long-term experiments (started 1990) in subtropical region were carried out. Regardless of fertilization regime, lime addition markedly increased grain and straw yields compared to those yields without lime application. Lime addition also led to significant decreases in the apparent K balances compared to soils without lime application. The agronomic K efficiency and partial factor productivity of K fertilizer both significantly increased after lime application. Lime addition reduced the soil exchangeable K (EK) content and stock, while increased soil non-exchangeable K (NEK) content and stock. Redundancy analysis showed that K input, lime, pH, and exchangeable calcium all significantly affected the K in soil and crops. Path analysis showed that lime indirectly influenced soil K (EK and NEK) by directly affecting soil pH, exchangeable calcium, K uptake and apparent K balances. These results suggest that lime addition is a viable strategy for improving crop yields and K fertilizer efficiency in degraded soils caused by acidification. Lime significant increased K uptake which lead to decreased soil EK content and stock. Additional, lime also increased soil NEK content and stock which was regulated by soil pH, exchangeable calcium, and crop growth.

scholarly journals Sustainability of soil health and system productivity through arecanut based cropping system in the NE Region of India

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
S.C. Paul ◽  
G.C. Acharya ◽  
R. Chakraborty ◽  
H.P. Maheswarappa ◽  
M. Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Available N ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
The Impact

The North-Eastern part of India contains seven states out of which, Assam is the major producer of arecanut. An attempt was made to study the impact of arecanut based multiple cropping system with proper utilization of recyclable resources on the long-term sustainability of acid soil at Kahikuchi. A long term arecanut based High-Density Multispecies Cropping System garden comprised of two models viz., Model-1 (M1): arecanut (Areca catechu), black pepper (Piper nigrum), banana (Musa spp.), citrus (Citrus limon) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and Model-2 (M2): arecanut, black pepper, banana, citrus and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) as component crops was used. Both the models were sub-divided into three treatments viz., Full dose of recommended fertiliser (T1), 2/3rd of the recommended dose (T2) and 1/3rd of the recommended dose (T3) combined with treatment-wise recycling available biomass in the form of vermicompost and each treatment was replicated thrice. The results indicated that the quantity of recyclable biomass generated ranged between 8.27 to 12.23 t ha-1 year-1 and 8.11 to 12.38 t ha-1 year-1 in model-1 and model-2, respectively and revealed that the T2 treatment in both models improved the soil properties with respect to soil pH, organic carbon, available N, P and K status. Economics of the cropping system revealed that the maximum return was obtained from both Models under T2. The average benefit:cost ratio of T1, T2 & T3 was 3.38, 4.42 & 3.47 under model-1 and 3.34, 4.08 and 3.40 under model-2, respectively. Sustenance of soil pH above 5.0 over the years in the arecanut rhizosphere in both the models were found under T2, but T1 and T3 treatments showed a slow declining of pH towards increasing soil acidity.

Management of a Continuously Cropped Forest Soil Through Fertilizer Use

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Kwakye ◽  
E. A. Dennis ◽  
A. E. Asmah
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fertilizer Experiment ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
High Level

SummaryPhosphorus, followed by potassium, were the plant nutrients that most limited yields during the third decade of a long-term fertilizer experiment on groundnut, maize and cassava conducted on an Ultisol in Ghana. Application of sulphate of ammonia significantly decreased soil pH, thus reducing crop yields. Superphosphate or mulch applied alone consistently increased the yields of all three crops. Application of potash increased the yield of cassava throughout the cropping period, but the potash × mulch interaction depressed yields in two of the three cropping seasons. Use of crop rotation, grass mulch and fertilizer, including small amounts of lime, enabled crop yields and soil fertility to be maintained at a fairly high level under continuous cropping.

Effect of lupins and location on soil acidification rates

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Dolling
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Deep Yellow ◽  
Fertiliser Use

The effect of years since clearing, frequency of lupin crops, and location on soil acidification rates was determined on a deep yellow sand in the northern wheatbelt of Western Australia. The study involved soil sampling of 87-89 sites at each of 2 locations (Mingenew, East Chapman) representing a range of years (3-40) since land clearing and frequency of lupin crops (0-11). The sites were sampled to a depth of 80 cm in 10-cm increments, and measurements included soil pH, pH buffering capacity, and bulk density. The rate of acidification for the profile at Mingenew (400-450 mm rainfalljyear) in a rotation without lupins (3-4 years pasture and 1 year wheat) was 0.42 kmol H+/ha . year requiring 21 kg CaCO3/ha. year to neutralise. When a lupin-wheat rotation was grown at Mingenew, the net acidification for the profile was 0.62 kmol H+/ha. year (or 31 kg lime/ha. year). The main causes of acidification were organic anion removal and nitrate leaching. At East Chapman (325-375 mm rainfall/year), the acidification rate depended on years since clearing. For 8-14 years since clearing the acidification rate was negative, and for 15-4oyears since clearing it was positive: in year 8 the rate for the profile was -0.39 kmol H+/ha. year; in year 15, 0.04 kmol H+/ha. year; and in year 40, 1.58 kmol H+/ha. year (79 kg CaCO3/ha.year). The main causes of acidification were organic anion removal, nitrate leaching, and ammonium-based nitrogen fertiliser use. There was a significant difference in initial pH (pH of the uncleared sites) of the soil samples from the 2 locations; at East Chapman the initial pH was 0.2-0.3 units higher than at Mingenew, and the rate of pH decline was greater at East chapman.

scholarly journals Yields and root technological quality of sugar beet grown in crop rotation and long-term monoculture

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 458-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rychcik ◽  
K. Zawiślak
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Field Static ◽  
Saccharose Content

The paper presents the findings of 6-year (1993–1998) investigations obtained in the field static experiment continued since 1967. This experiment concerned the estimation of the crop yield and its structure, and root technological quality under the conditions of crop rotation and extreme shortening of the rotation, i.e. monoculture. Investigations have proved that under agroclimatic conditions of north-eastern Poland it is possible to obtain 60 t of roots per ha in a naturally correct crop rotation, while in a long-term monoculture – 33 t, and 36 t and 19 t of top, respectively. The differences in monoculture crops occurred as a result of a plant loss during germination by 5.6%, and a smaller unit weight per root by 41.6%. The applied procedures of plant protection by herbicides and fungicides improved the root and top crop and favored the maintenance of plant density. A lowering of saccharose content in roots from 15.7% in the crop rotation to 15.0% in monoculture was recorded, and of sugar yield in the technological process from 13.0 to 12.3%, respectively. A high white sugar yield was obtained in crop rotation – 7.89 t per ha, while in monoculture it was only 4.06 t, i.e. 48.5% less.

Effects of drip fertigation of NH4-N and P on soil pH and cation leaching

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Parchomchuk ◽  
G. H. Neilsen ◽  
E. J. Hogue
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Cation Leaching ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Drip Fertigation

Mixtures of ammonium nitrate and ammonium polyphosphate fertilizers were used to drip fertigate Summerland McIntosh apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) grown on M.9 rootstocks in gravelly sandy loam. Levels of N corresponding to 25 and 50% of the recommended broadcast rate (23.5 and 47.0 g tree−1, respectively) and three levels of P (0, 17.5 and 35.0 g tree−1) were applied in a factorial randomized complete block design. Soil acidification began within 1 yr in a zone extending approximately 60 cm vertically and horizontally from the drip source. Acidification was most severe at 20–30 cm directly beneath the emitter where the soil pH decreased from 5.8 to 4.5 after 1 yr and to 3.7 after three seasons of fertigation. Rate and magnitude of pH decline were equal for both rates of N and acidification was not enhanced by the simultaneous addition of P. Calcium, Mg and K were leached to the periphery of the acidified zone. The rapid displacement of K may be of concern, particularly when NH4 forms of N are drip-fertigated in coarse-textured soils with marginal K levels. Key words: Fertigation, soil acidification, cation leaching, nitrogen fertilizer

scholarly journals Changes of some soil chemical and microbiological characteristics in a long-term fertilization experiment in Hungary

2018 ◽  
pp. 253-265
Author(s):  
János Kátai ◽  
Magdolna Tállai ◽  
Imre Vágó ◽  
Andrea Balláné Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Hydrolytic Acidity

Agricultural management practices – directly or indirectly – influence soil properties. Fertilization rates and crop rotation can strongly affect soil pH, soil nutrient supply and soil organic matter content due to the changes of microbial processes. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of different fertilization doses in monoculture and tri-culture of maize (monoculture: only maize grown since 1983, tri-culture: it is a three-year crop rotation system: pea – winter wheat – maize) on selected soil characteristics. The long-term fertilization experiments were set up in 1983 in Eastern Hungary. These experiments are situated west of Debrecen in Hajdúság loess region, on calcareous chernozem (according to WRB: Chernozems). The test plant was maize (Zea mays L.). One-one pilot blocks were selected from monoculture and tri-culture of the long-term experiments. The observed soil samples were taken in the 30th year of the experiment, in 2013. The doses of NPK fertilizers increased parallel together, so the effects of N-, P- and K-fertilizers cannot be separated. With the increasing fertilizer doses, the soil pH has decreased in both crop production systems and, in parallel, the hydrolytic acidity has significantly increased. A close negative correlation was proved between the pHH2O, pHKCl and hydrolytic acidity. An increased nutrient content in soil was recorded in every NPK treatment and the available phosphorus and nitrate content increased in higher proportion than that of potassium. Of the measured parameters of C-and N-cycles, fertilization has mostly had a positive effect on the microbial activity of soils. Besides the effects of fertilizer doses, correlation were looked for between soil microbiological properties. Evaluating the ratios among the measured parameters (organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon, OC/MBC ratio; carbon-dioxide and microbial biomass carbon; CO2/MBC proportion), the fertilization rate seems to be favoured by the increase of amounts of organic compounds

scholarly journals Soil Physico-chemical Properties as affected by Long-term Application of Organics and Inorganic NPK Fertilisers under Rice-wheat Cropping System in Calcareous Soil of Bihar

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Rajeswari Das ◽  
Mukesh Kumar ◽  
Santosh Kumar Singh ◽  
Shankar Jha ◽  
Subhra Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Four Levels

A balanced application of organics and inorganic fertilisers could be beneficial to both soil nutrient availability, soil health and crop growth. The experiment was conducted on light textured highly calcareous soil at Research Farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa. Four levels of inorganic fertiliser treatments were applied i.e. 50, 100 and 150% of NPK along with no NPK as control as main plot treatments while four levels of organic treatment (i.e. no organics, compost, crop residue and compost+ crop residue) were applied as sub plot treatments in a split plot design with a total sixteen (16) treatments with three replications to investigate the long term effect of application of various doses of recommended fertiliser along with organic amendments on various physico-chemical properties of calcareous soils after 32nd crop cycle . Data was collected on various physico-chemical properties i.e. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (dSm-1), soil organic carbon (g kg-1), free CaCO3 (%), cation exchange capacity [cmol (p+) kg -1], bulk Density (Mg m-3) and water holding capacity (w/w %). The result revealed that soil pH was reduced by 3.9% while electrical conductivity (EC) was reduced by 45% over initial (1988). Both soil pH and EC were reduced by 1.7% and 15.4% respectively in plots receiving combined application of compost and crop residue along with 150% NPK over control. Organic carbon was improves by 33% over initial (1988) which had direct effect on reduction in soil bulk density (32%) and improved water holding capacity (29%) over the control in plots receiving 150% NPK along with combined application of compost and crop residue. Soil cation exchange capacity and free CaCO3 also showed an alternate trend former being enhanced and later being reduced after 32nd crop cycle in rice-wheat cropping system. Application of different levels of NPK along with different organics improved the overall soil physico-chemical properties which further have direct relation with enhanced crop growth and productivity.

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