Effect of lupins and location on soil acidification rates

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Dolling
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Deep Yellow ◽  
Fertiliser Use

The effect of years since clearing, frequency of lupin crops, and location on soil acidification rates was determined on a deep yellow sand in the northern wheatbelt of Western Australia. The study involved soil sampling of 87-89 sites at each of 2 locations (Mingenew, East Chapman) representing a range of years (3-40) since land clearing and frequency of lupin crops (0-11). The sites were sampled to a depth of 80 cm in 10-cm increments, and measurements included soil pH, pH buffering capacity, and bulk density. The rate of acidification for the profile at Mingenew (400-450 mm rainfalljyear) in a rotation without lupins (3-4 years pasture and 1 year wheat) was 0.42 kmol H+/ha . year requiring 21 kg CaCO3/ha. year to neutralise. When a lupin-wheat rotation was grown at Mingenew, the net acidification for the profile was 0.62 kmol H+/ha. year (or 31 kg lime/ha. year). The main causes of acidification were organic anion removal and nitrate leaching. At East Chapman (325-375 mm rainfall/year), the acidification rate depended on years since clearing. For 8-14 years since clearing the acidification rate was negative, and for 15-4oyears since clearing it was positive: in year 8 the rate for the profile was -0.39 kmol H+/ha. year; in year 15, 0.04 kmol H+/ha. year; and in year 40, 1.58 kmol H+/ha. year (79 kg CaCO3/ha.year). The main causes of acidification were organic anion removal, nitrate leaching, and ammonium-based nitrogen fertiliser use. There was a significant difference in initial pH (pH of the uncleared sites) of the soil samples from the 2 locations; at East Chapman the initial pH was 0.2-0.3 units higher than at Mingenew, and the rate of pH decline was greater at East chapman.

scholarly journals Contrasting pH buffering patterns in neutral-alkaline soils along a 3600 km transect in northern China

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 13215-13240 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Luo ◽  
P. N. Nelson ◽  
M.-H. Li ◽  
J. Cai ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Initial Ph

Abstract. Soil pH buffering capacity (pHBC) plays a crucial role in predicting acidification rates, yet its large-scale patterns and controls are poorly understood, especially for neutral-alkaline soils. Here, we evaluated the spatial patterns and drivers of pHBC along a 3600 km long transect (1900 km sub-transect with carbonate containing soils and 1700 km sub-transect with non-carbonate containing soils) across northern China. Soil pHBC was greater in the carbonate containing soils than in the non-carbonate containing soils. Acid addition decreased soil pH in the non-carbonate containing soils more markedly than in the carbonate containing soils. Within the carbonate soil sub-transect, soil pHBC was positively correlated with cation exchange capacity (CEC), carbonate content and exchangeable sodium (Na) concentration, but negatively correlated with initial pH and clay content, and not correlated with soil organic carbon (SOC) content. Within the non-carbonate sub-transect, soil pHBC was positively related to initial pH, clay content, CEC and exchangeable Na concentration, but not related to SOC content. Carbonate content was the primary determinant of pHBC in the carbonate containing soils and CEC was the main determinant of buffering capacity in the non-carbonate containing soils. Soil pHBC was positively related to aridity index and carbonate content across the carbonate containing soil sub-transect. Our results indicated that mechanisms controlling pHBC differ among neutral-alkaline soils of northern China, especially between carbonate and non-carbonate containing soils, leading to different rates, risks, and impacts of acidification. This understanding should be incorporated into the acidification risk assessment and landscape management in a changing world.

scholarly journals Establishing Growing Substrate pH with Compost and Limestone and the Impact on pH Buffering Capacity

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1153-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Taylor ◽  
Rachel Kreis ◽  
Lidia Rejtö
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Initial Substrate ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Substrate Ph ◽  
Ph Buffering Capacity

The pH of peatmoss generally ranges from 3.0 to 4.0 and limestone is typically added to raise pH to a suitable range. Compost is also used as a substrate component and typically has a high pH of 6.0 to 8.0. When using compost, lime rates must be reduced or eliminated. The two objectives of this study were to determine the resulting pH of substrates created with varying amounts of limestone and compost and assess the impact of the various amounts of limestone and compost on pH buffering capacity. Compost was created from a 1:1:1 weight ratio of a mixture of green plant material and restaurant food waste:horse manure:wood chips. The first experiment was a factorial design with five compost rates (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by volume), four limestone rates (0, 1.2, 2.4, and 3.6 g·L−1 substrate) with five replications. The experiment was conducted three times, each with a different batch of compost. With 0 lime, initial substrate pH increased from 4.5 to 6.7 as compost rate increased. This trend occurred at all other lime rates, which had pH ranges of 5.2–6.9, 5.6–7.0, and 6.1–7.1 for rates of 1.2, 2.4, and 3.6 g·L−1 substrate, respectively. Substrate pH increased significantly as either compost or lime rates increased. The second experiment was a factorial design with four compost rates by volume (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%), the same four limestone rates as Expt. 1, and five replications. Each substrate treatment was titrated through incubations with six sulfuric acid rates (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.7 mol of H+ per gram of dry substrate). Substrates with a similar initial pH had very similar buffering capacities regardless of the compost or limestone rate. These results indicate compost can be used to establish growing substrate pH similar to limestone, and this change will have little to no effect on pH buffering capacity.

Acidification of soil associated with lupins grown in a crop rotation in north-eastern Victoria

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Coventry ◽  
WJ Slattery
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Initial Ph

Soil pH decline and net acidification inputs were determined for a long-term crop rotation experiment at Rutherglen in north-eastern Victoria. The rotations utilized were continuous wheat (WW), a 1 : 1 wheat-lupin sequence (WL) and continuous lupins (LL), and each rotation was cropped from 1975-1989. The soil at the site had an initial pH (0.01 mol/LCaCl2) of 6.0 (0-10 cm depth), sandy loam texture, and had a past use of grape vines and then lucerne pasture. The soil pH (0-10 cm) declined for each rotation with time (1977/78-1988/89), decreasing by about 0.8 units for WW and further decreasing with the inclusion of lupin in the rotation. Compared with the WW soil, the WL soil pH was 0.7 and 0.4 units lower at 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm depth and the LL soil pH was 1.0 and 0.8 units lower at 5-10 and 10-15 cm depth. There was no difference in pH between WW and WL below 20 cm depth, but the LL soil had a significantly lower pH to 40 cm depth. Acidification rates were calculated for the period of cropping and for the 3 rotations, with rates of 3.22, 4.11 and 5.26 kmols H+/ha.yr as net acid input for WW, WL and LL rotations. These values represent a rapid rate of soil acidification. The removal of alkalinity in grain accounted for between 15-21% of the overall calculated acidification rate for the 3 rotations. Therefore, it is likely in this cropping system that the acidification largely results from progressive nitrate leaching.

scholarly journals Contrasting pH buffering patterns in neutral-alkaline soils along a 3600 km transect in northern China

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 7047-7056 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Luo ◽  
P. N. Nelson ◽  
M.-H. Li ◽  
J. P. Cai ◽  
Y. Y. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Initial Ph

Abstract. Soil pH buffering capacity (pHBC) plays a crucial role in predicting acidification rates, yet its large-scale patterns and controls are poorly understood, especially for neutral-alkaline soils. Here, we evaluated the spatial patterns and drivers of pHBC along a 3600 km long transect (1900 km sub-transect with carbonate-containing soils and 1700 km sub-transect with non-carbonate-containing soils) across northern China. Soil pHBC was greater in the carbonate-containing soils than in the non-carbonate-containing soils. Acid addition decreased soil pH in the non-carbonate-containing soils more markedly than in the carbonate-containing soils. Within the carbonate soil sub-transect, soil pHBC was positively correlated with cation exchange capacity (CEC), carbonate content and exchangeable sodium (Na) concentration, but negatively correlated with initial pH and clay content, and not correlated with soil organic carbon (SOC) content. Within the non-carbonate sub-transect, soil pHBC was positively related to initial pH, clay content, CEC and exchangeable Na concentration, but not related to SOC content. Carbonate content was the primary determinant of pHBC in the carbonate-containing soils and CEC was the main determinant of buffering capacity in the non-carbonate-containing soils. Along the transect, soil pHBC was different in regions with different aridity index. Soil pHBC was positively related to aridity index and carbonate content across the carbonate-containing soil sub-transect. Our results indicated that mechanisms controlling pHBC differ among neutral-alkaline soils of northern China, especially between carbonate- and non-carbonate-containing soils. This understanding should be incorporated into the acidification risk assessment and landscape management in a changing world.

Risk mapping of soil acidification under Stylosanthes in northern Australian rangelands

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Noble ◽  
C. Middleton ◽  
P. N. Nelson ◽  
L. G. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Independent Set ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Pedotransfer Function ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Ph Buffering Capacity

The inclusion of Stylosanthes into pastures and cropping systems has proved to be a low cost method of improving product quality in Asia, Africa, South America, and northern Australia. However, there is recent evidence that accelerated soil acidification has occurred under these production systems, questioning their long-term sustainability. In an effort to assist producers and extension officers in identifying soils that are predisposed to accelerated acidification, an acidity risk map of the Dalrymple Shire in Queensland, Australia, was developed using information from a recently completed land resource survey. Validation of a previously derived pedotransfer function that predicts pH buffering capacity was undertaken using an independent set of soil samples collected from the Shire. Excellent agreement between measured and predicted pH buffering capacity was obtained. The pedotransfer function was used to estimate the pH buffering capacity of 44 soil associations in the Shire. These values were used to predict the number of years that it would take for soils to acidify from their current pH to 5.0 assuming a constant net acid addition rate of 2.1 kmol H+/ha.year. Approximately 62% of the total area of the Shire is predisposed to accelerated acidification and would take between 10–20 years to acidify to pH 5.0. In contrast, a relatively minor proportion of the total area of the Shire (17%) had significant internal buffering capacity. However, the degree of uncertainty associated with these estimations on certain soil associations may be too high to be of relevance. In order to overcome this limitation a field test designed to assess the risk of accelerated acidification on a paddock basis is proposed and outlined in the paper. pH, buffer capacity, pedotransfer function.

The anaerobic treatment of a ligno-cellulosic substrate offering little natural pH buffering capacity

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Banks ◽  
P. N. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Ph Control ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Stage System ◽  
The Stability

The stability and operational performance of single stage digestion with and without liquor recycle and two stage digestion were assessed using a mixture of paper and wood as the digestion substrate. Attempts to maintain stable digestion in both single stage reactors were unsuccessful due to the inherently low natural buffering capacity exhibited; this resulted in a rapid souring of the reactor due to unbuffered volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation. The use of lime to control pH was unsatisfactory due to interference with the carbonate/bicarbonate equilibrium resulting in wide oscillations in the control parameter. The two stage system overcame the pH stability problems allowing stable operation for a period of 200 days without any requirement for pH control; this was attributed to the rapid flushing of VFA from the first stage reactor into the second stage, where efficient conversion to methane was established. Reactor performance was judged to be satisfactory with the breakdown of 53% of influent volatile solids. It was concluded that the reactor configuration of the two stage system offers the potential for the treatment of cellulosic wastes with a sub-optimal carbon to nitrogen ratio for conventional digestion.

scholarly journals Bioprospection and characterization of the amylolytic activity by filamentous fungi from Brazilian Atlantic Forest

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Zaghetto de Almeida ◽  
Marita Gimenez Pereira ◽  
Caio Cesar de Carvalho ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Heinen ◽  
Luciana Sobrani Ziotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Aspergillus Brasiliensis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Ph Range

Abstract Filamentous fungi are widely diverse and ubiquitous organisms. Such biodiversity is barely known, making room for a great potential still to be discovered, especially in tropical environments - which are favorable to growth and species variety. Filamentous fungi are extensively applied to the production of industrial enzymes, such as the amylases. This class of enzymes acts in the hydrolysis of starch to glucose or maltooligosaccharides. In this work twenty-five filamentous fungi were isolated from samples of decomposing material collected in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The two best amylase producers were identified as Aspergillus brasiliensis and Rhizopus oryzae. Both are mesophilic, they grow well in organic nitrogen-rich media produce great amounts of glucoamylases. The enzymes of A. brasiliensis and R. oryzae are different, possibly because of their phylogenetical distance. The best amylase production of A. brasiliensis occurred during 120 hours with initial pH of 7.5; it had a better activity in the pH range of 3.5-5.0 and at 60-75°C. Both fungal glucoamylase had wide pH stability (3-8) and were activated by Mn2+. R. oryzae best production occurred in 96 hours and at pH 6.5. Its amylases had a greater activity in the pH range of 4.0-5.5 and temperature at 50-65ºC. The most significant difference between the enzymes produced by both fungi is the resistance to thermal denaturation: A. brasiliensis glucoamylase had a T50 of 60 minutes at 70ºC. The R. oryzae glucoamylase only had a residual activity when incubated at 50°C with a 12 min T50.

scholarly journals Water-dispersible clay in soils treated with sewage sludge

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1527-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Tavares Filho ◽  
Graziela Moraes de Césare Barbosa ◽  
Adriana Aparecida Ribon
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Water Dispersible ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dispersible Clay

A by-product of Wastewater Treatment Stations is sewage sludge. By treatment and processing, the sludge is made suitable for rational and environmentally safe use in agriculture. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different doses of limed sewage sludge (50 %) on clay dispersion in soil samples with different textures (clayey and medium). The study was conducted with soil samples collected from native forest, on a Red Latosol (Brazilian classification: Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico) loamy soil in Londrina (PR) and a Red-Yellow Latosol (BC: Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico) medium texture soil in Jaguapitã (PR). Pots were filled with 3 kg of air-dried fine earth and kept in greenhouse. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with six treatments: T1 control, and treatments with limed sewage sludge (50 %) as follows: T2 (3 t ha-1), T3 (6 t ha-1), T4 (12 t ha-1), T5 (24 t ha-1) and T6 (48 t ha-1) and five replications. The incubation time was 180 days. At the end of this period, the pots were opened and two sub-samples per treatment collected to determine pH-H2O, pH KCl (1 mol L-1), organic matter content, water-dispersible clay, ΔpH (pH KCl - pH-H2O) and estimated PZC (point of zero charge): PZC = 2 pH KCl - pH-H2O, as well as the mineralogy of the clay fraction, determined by X ray diffraction. The results showed no significant difference in the average values for water-dispersible clay between the control and the other treatments for the two soil samples studied and ΔpH was the variable that correlated best with water-dispersible clay in both soils.

Mapping Soil pH Buffering Capacity of Selected Fields in the Coastal Plain

2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 662-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Weaver ◽  
D. E. Kissel ◽  
F. Chen ◽  
L. T. West ◽  
W. Adkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Ph Buffering Capacity
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