Soil and plant factors relating to the poor growth of Lupinus species on fine-textured, alkaline soils - a review

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
PF White
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Iron Nutrition ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Rooting Pattern ◽  
Major Factors

Soil type is an important factor affecting the growth of lupins. Successful lupin cultivation is generally restricted to deep, acid to neutral, coarse-textured soils. Very little is known about the factors affecting the performance of lupins on other soil types. This review attempts to define the major factors controlling the growth of lupins of fine-textured, alkaline soils, with a view to providing a focus for future research. Wild populations of the genus, as a whole, occupy soils of a wide pH and textural range (pH 4-8.5, texture ranging from coarse sands to fine clays), although the majority of populations are found on light soils of sandy loam or loamy sand texture with pH values between 5.5 and 7. Species within the genus have distinct preferences for soils of a narrower range than the genus as a whole. Commercially cultivated species appear to be adapted to a narrower range of soil types than the wild species. Iron nutrition, seedling emergence, and rooting pattern and phenology are the major factors influencing the performance of lupins on fine-textured, alkaline soils. Lupins appear to possess some mechanisms thought to enhance the availability of Fe, nevertheless they suffer severely from Fe deficiency. Conditions prevailing on fine-textured, alkaline soils (poor drainage and aeration, CaCO3) are frequently conducive to Fe deficiency. The epigeal pattern of emergence of lupins is unsuitable to fine-textured soils, particularly if crust formation occurs. The rooting pattern and phenology of lupins is better suited to deep sandy soils than shallow, fine-textured soils, and this exacerbates late-season water stress. A better understanding of these factors may allow breeding and management strategies to be developed which will extend lupin cultivation to a wider range of soils.

Effects of some soil conditions on sugar-beet seedling emergence

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Longden
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditioners ◽  
Water Holding

SUMMARYSeven soil conditioners added to a sandy clay soil at Saxmundham did not benefit sugar-beet seedling emergence in four experiments in 3 years. In microplots at Broom's Barn free draining peat and sandy loam gave consistently more seedlings than limestone loam or flinty loam. In the laboratory, for each of three soil types, emergence was maximal only for a small soil moisture range and decreased rapidly when soils became drier or wetter. This suggests that conditioners which increase water-holding capacity should be tested on sandy loams rather than clay soils and that seed-bed preparation on heavier soils should seek to aerate the soil.

Lupin species and peas vary widely in their sensitivity to Fe deficiency

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
PF White ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Moderate Effect

Variation exists between lupins and peas and between species of lupins in their performance on fine-textured alkaline soils. Two species of lupins (Lupinus angustifolus, L. cosentinii) and peas (Pisum sativum) were grown on a fine-textured alkaline soil under conditions conducive to Fe deficiency to determine whether differences between species could be related to susceptibility to Fe deficiency.Treatments induced severe Fe deficiency and markedly reduced growth of L. angustifolius, had only a moderate effect on L. cosentinii, and had no effect on P. sativum. Poor growth and symptoms were closely related to Fe concentrations within the leaves of plants.Lupins and peas therefore vary markedly in their tolerance to Fe deficiency, which is possibly related to their ability to produce reactions around their roots which make Fe available for uptake.

scholarly journals Seedling Emergence of Tall Fescue and Kentucky Bluegrass, as Affected by Two Seed Coating Techniques

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Richardson ◽  
K.W. Hignight
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Positive Effect

Seed coating has been effectively used in the agricultural and horticultural industries for over 100 years. Recently, several turfgrass seed companies have been applying seed coating technologies to commercial seed lines, but there have been limited studies that have demonstrated a positive benefit of seed coating to turfgrass seed. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of two commercially available seed coating technologies, including a fungicide/biostimulant coating and a starch-based polymer coating, on tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae) and kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) in three soil types. Coated seeds were obtained from a retail outlet. Non-coated seed samples were developed by removing the coating from the seed just before planting. Neither coating technology had an effect on tall fescue speed of germination or total germination percentage in any of the soil types. Seed coating did have a positive effect on the speed of germination of kentucky bluegrass in a sandy loam soil, but did not improve the speed of germination or percentage emergence in the other soil types. These results support earlier findings that seed coating has minimal effects on establishment of turfgrass species. However, these coatings may provide benefits when attempting to establish turfgrasses in less than ideal conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seed Pre-sowing Treatment Effects on Seedling Emergence and Morphological Growth Parameters of Acacia auriculiformis (Australian Wattle) in Different Soil Types

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. O. Ojo ◽  
I. A. Kareem ◽  
W. A. Adeoti
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
River Sand

The multiple products derivable from Acacia auriculiformis in terms of its soil nutrient augmentation by virtue of its nitrogen fixation capabilities are incontrovertible. This is in addition to being an ornamental, evergreen and shade providing tree, But its seed dormancy and dearth of knowledge regarding its growth rates in different soil types had hampered large scale production of its seedlings. Thus, an evaluation of the effects of some seed pre-sowing treatments on its seedling emergence (rates and percentages) and morphological growth parameters (external) in different soil types were investigated at the Screen House of the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria for a period of 8 weeks. The experimental design was a 4 × 3 factorial experiment in completely randomized design comprising 4 different soil types, 3 pre – sowing treatment methods (replicated thrice). Seedling emergence (rates and percentages) and external morphological growth indices (plant height, collar girth, number of leaves and leaf area) were investigated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was employed in processing the data collected by employing relevant statistical package (SPSS 20.0). Results indicated that seeds pretreated with concentrated sulphuric acid and sowed in sandy loam (a3b1) emerged as the best treatment combination in terms of seedling emergence rate and percentage, morphological growth indices (significant at P<0.05) while the control (aobo: river sand with untreated seeds) had the lowest values.

Poor soil aeration or excess soil CaCO3 induces Fe deficiency in lupins

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
PF White ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Mn Deficiency ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Water Field ◽  
Soil Caco3 ◽  
Mn Concentrations

The poor growth and chlorosis suffered by lupins when grown on fine-textured alkaline soils appears primarily related to Fe deficiency which is affected by the level of HCO3-; and CaCO3 in the soil.Plants of Lupinus angustifolius were grown on an alkaline, sandy clay loam which was either acidified or limed. Additionally, plants received either adequate water (field capacity) or excess water to adjust the aeration of the soil.Plant growth was closely related to the concentration of Fe within the young leaves. Liming the soil or watering above field capacity reduced the Fe concentrations in shoots, induced chlorosis and reduced growth. Chlorosis and reduced growth was not caused by Mn deficiency, even though treatments that reduced growth also reduced Mn concentrations in shoots.The lime chlorosis disorder in lupins therefore is primarily caused by an inability of the plants to obtain Fe in calcareous soils and not caused by Mn deficiency or by inactivation of Fe within the shoots.

scholarly journals Iron nutrition in the UK: getting the balance right

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Fairweather-Tait
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Iron Nutrition ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Single Meal ◽  
Fe Homeostasis ◽  
The Uk

Fe homeostasis is considered in the context of the UK diet, using information on Fe intake and status from the National Diet and Nutrition Surveys. The importance of assessing Fe availability rather than total Fe intake is discussed. Dietary and host-related factors that determine Fe bioavailability (Fe utilised for Hb production) are reviewed using information from single-meal studies. When adaptive responses are taken into consideration, foods associated with higher Fe status include meat (haem-Fe and the ‘meat factor’) and fruits and fruit juice (vitamin C). Foods that may have a negative impact include dairy products (Ca), high-fibre foods (phytate) and tea and coffee (polyphenols), but the effects are more apparent in groups with marginal Fe deficiency, such as women of childbearing age. Analysis of dietary intake data on a meal-by-meal basis is needed to predict the influence of changing dietary patterns on Fe nutrition in the UK. Current information suggests that in the UK Fe deficiency is a greater problem than Fe overload.

The influence of cultivar and soil type on performance of lucerne in the Victorian Mallee

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (39) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
VF McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Relative Production ◽  
Loam Soil

The production and persistence of nine cultivars of lucerne were studied at the Mallee Research Station, Walpeup, Victoria, over three seasons. Hunter River, Siro Peruvian, and African lucerne were similar in yield, but Siro Peruvian was less persistent. The superior yield of these three cultivars over two accessions of Flandria, Du Puits, and Socheville was largely due to their greater winter production. Two lines of Canadian creeping-rooted lucerne were found to be entirely unsuited to this district. Hunter River and Siro Peruvian lucerne were also compared on a sand and a sandy loam soil at Walpeup. The relative production of the two cultivars was the same on the two soil types but the effect of soil type was marked. The production and persistence of lucerne grown on the sand was far superior to that on the sandy loam.

Subsurface Application and Shallow Incorporation of Herbicides on Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Wiese ◽  
E. B. Hudspeth
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Loam Soil

In a 3-year study on four soil types, subsurface application just ahead of a planter with a device that removed the top from the bed, applied a band of spray, and covered the band with soil reduced weed control in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) obtained with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron), 2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methylmercapto-s-triazine (prometryne), 3-(hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-5-yl)-1,1-dimethylurea (norea), dimethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA), and 1,1-dimethyl-3(α,α,α,-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea (fluometuron) compared to applications on the soil surface. This machine improved weed control with α,α,α,-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin). Shallow incorporation, with two helical blades, after planting increased weed control with trifluralin, diuron, and DCPA by 10% or more over the surface applications. This incorporator increased weed control obtained with prometryne and norea 5%. Very shallow incorporation, with metal tines, after planting improved weed control obtained with trifluralin and DCPA 18 and 11%, respectively. Weed control with norea was increased 7%, but metal tines did not appreciably affect weed control obtained with prometryne, diuron, or fluometuron. Compared to surface applications, incorporation increased cotton injury with diuron, norea, prometryne, and fluometuron on sandy loam soil.

Residual Effects of CGA-131036 and Chlorsulfuron on Spring-Sown Rotational Crops

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. Friesen ◽  
David A. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Time Required

Response of flax, canola, field pea, sunflower, field corn, lentils, and common buckwheat to soil residues of CGA-131036 and chlorsulfuron applied at 22 g ai ha–1was determined on two soil types at Morden, Manitoba. on a fine sandy loam with a pH of 7.4 and 4.5% organic matter, the length of time required before crops showed no phytotoxicity from CGA-131036 residues was: sunflower 4 yr; canola and common buckwheat 3 yr; flax 2 yr; field pea and field corn 1 yr. on a clay loam with a pH of 6.5 and 5.3% organic matter, the corresponding duration was: lentil, canola, and sunflower 3 yr; flax and field pea 1 yr. Chlorsulfuron residues persisted somewhat longer than CGA-131036 residues on the sandy loam but not on the clay loam.

Predicting pasture and sheep production in the Victorian Mallee with the decision support tool, GrassGro

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Sheep Production

The GrassGro decision support tool was designed to quantify sheep and pasture production in response to management and climate variability in temperate Australia, and has been tested in temperate but not low-rainfall Australian conditions. Data from field experiments and from on-farm monitoring was used to test GrassGro predictions of annual and perennial pasture production, and sheep production at 4 locations throughout the Victorian Mallee, which is a low-rainfall area (275–375 mm annually). Predictions of long-term pasture production were then made. Predictions of the herbage biomass of annual pastures closely matched observed data for both a sandy loam (1991–2002 data) and a whole paddock (combining sandy loam and loam and sand) (2001–2002 data) soil type, at several locations across the Victorian Mallee. Linear regression between observed and simulated (April to September) data produced coefficients, significance and root mean square error of r2 = 0.81, P<0.001, 217 kg DM/ha, respectively, for sandy loam soil types and r2 = 0.94, P<0.001, 72 kg DM/ha, respectively, for whole paddock soil types. A series of simulations for individual years from 1970 to 2002 quantified the large impact of climate variability and demonstrated that seedbank and location, but not soil fertility, had a large influence on annual pasture production. However, GrassGro underestimated the production of the perennial pasture, lucerne (r2 = 0.2). GrassGro was also unable to adequately predict sheep production because it failed to take into account the sparse, clumpy structure of the low biomass pastures typical of this region. Methods to improve GrassGro were identified and included: (i) the need to adjust sheep intake from low biomass, sparse pastures, (ii) the ability to predict summer growing and autumn growing plant species, (iii) the ability to graze crop stubbles and (iv) refinements to the coefficients of equations used to model lucerne growth.

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