The influence of cultivar and soil type on performance of lucerne in the Victorian Mallee

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (39) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
VF McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Relative Production ◽  
Loam Soil

The production and persistence of nine cultivars of lucerne were studied at the Mallee Research Station, Walpeup, Victoria, over three seasons. Hunter River, Siro Peruvian, and African lucerne were similar in yield, but Siro Peruvian was less persistent. The superior yield of these three cultivars over two accessions of Flandria, Du Puits, and Socheville was largely due to their greater winter production. Two lines of Canadian creeping-rooted lucerne were found to be entirely unsuited to this district. Hunter River and Siro Peruvian lucerne were also compared on a sand and a sandy loam soil at Walpeup. The relative production of the two cultivars was the same on the two soil types but the effect of soil type was marked. The production and persistence of lucerne grown on the sand was far superior to that on the sandy loam.

Subsurface Application and Shallow Incorporation of Herbicides on Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Wiese ◽  
E. B. Hudspeth
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Loam Soil

In a 3-year study on four soil types, subsurface application just ahead of a planter with a device that removed the top from the bed, applied a band of spray, and covered the band with soil reduced weed control in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) obtained with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron), 2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methylmercapto-s-triazine (prometryne), 3-(hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-5-yl)-1,1-dimethylurea (norea), dimethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA), and 1,1-dimethyl-3(α,α,α,-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea (fluometuron) compared to applications on the soil surface. This machine improved weed control with α,α,α,-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin). Shallow incorporation, with two helical blades, after planting increased weed control with trifluralin, diuron, and DCPA by 10% or more over the surface applications. This incorporator increased weed control obtained with prometryne and norea 5%. Very shallow incorporation, with metal tines, after planting improved weed control obtained with trifluralin and DCPA 18 and 11%, respectively. Weed control with norea was increased 7%, but metal tines did not appreciably affect weed control obtained with prometryne, diuron, or fluometuron. Compared to surface applications, incorporation increased cotton injury with diuron, norea, prometryne, and fluometuron on sandy loam soil.

INFLUENCE OF BULK DENSITY AND FIELD STRUCTURE OF SOIL ON THE CALIBRATION CURVES OF GYPSUM MOISTURE BLOCKS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
S. J. Bocrget
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Structure ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Field Density ◽  
Calibration Curves ◽  
Loam Soil

Gypsum moisture blocks were calibrated in the laboratory in undisrupted soil cores, in soil cores which had been repacked to field density, and in unpacked soil baskets. Three soil types were used. It was found that the calibration curves obtained in the repacked soil cores and in the soil baskets were different from those obtained in the undisrupted soil cores. This indicates that the disruption of both structure and bulk density influenced the calibration of gypsum blocks. The effects were greater on the fine textured than on the coarse textured soils. The influence of bulk density was not important on a sandy loam soil. The variations in soil moisture obtained ranged from 1 to 6 per cent within the available water range.

Crop Response to Soil Applications of Ethofumesate

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Pinto Beans

Tolerance of sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L. ‘Mono-Hy A1’) to ethofumesate (2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulphonate) was associated with rate of application and soil type. Yield of roots was significantly reduced by preplant-incorporated applications of 3.4, 4.5, or 9.0 kg/ha of ethofumesate to a sandy loam soil, but only the 9.0 kg/ha rate reduced the yield on a loam soil. Pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Idaho #111’) yielded normally when planted on a sandy loam soil within 4 to 6 weeks after ethofumesate was incorporated at rates of 2.2 to 9.0 kg/ha. Corn [Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer brand 3773 MFS(N) hybrid’] yields were reduced in proportion to the rate of herbicide applied 3 weeks before planting. In greenhouse studies, barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Moravian’) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Scout’) were about 10 times more susceptible to soil residues of ethofumesate than corn. Concentrations of ethofumesate in the soil as low as 0.1, 0.2, and 1.5 ppmw reduced the height of wheat, barley, and corn, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Animal Waste Based Digestate Fertilization on Soil Microbial Activities, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Spring Wheat Productivity in Loam and Sandy Loam Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1281
Author(s):  
Modupe Olufemi Doyeni ◽  
Ausra Baksinskaite ◽  
Skaidre Suproniene ◽  
Vita Tilvikiene
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Loam Soil

The increasing quantities of organic residues are becoming one of the most important problems for climate change mitigation. Sustainable utilization technologies are required to minimize the effect of recycling on the environment. Nevertheless, treated residues should be part of the circular bioeconomy. One of the most promising processes is the biogas system, with the final products biogas and digestate, which contain valuable nutrients and are therefore suitable as agricultural fertilizers. However, there is lack of research data on the effectiveness of digestate on environmental factors including soil quality as well as crop productivity and quality. In this study, we compare the roles of different digestates (chicken manure digestate, cow manure digestate, and pig manure digestate) on spring wheat productivity, soil microbial activities, and greenhouse gas emissions in loam and sandy loam soil under controlled climate conditions. The liquid digestate applied was equivalent to 170 kg N ha−1 of total N presented. Overall, results showed that the two soil types responded differently to the addition of the digestates, and the benefits depended on soil characteristics as well as on the type of the digestate applied. There was a higher effect on soil microbial activity in sandy loam soil compared to that of loam soil. Chicken manure digestate had the highest value of dehydrogenase activity and soil microbial biomass C of 9.23 µg TPFg−1 h−1 and 175.6 µg g−1 across the two soil types. CO2 and N2O emissions were moderately higher in loam soil when compared to that of sandy loam soil. The highest CO2 peak emission at 0.0107 µg ha−1 h−1 occurred in pig manure digestate in the sandy loam soil, and regular peak patterns observed in loam soil fertilized with pig digestate manure. Chicken manure digestate had the highest peak emissions across both soil types at 0.007950 mg ha−1 h−1 and 0.5667 mg ha−1 h−1 in the loam and sandy loam soil, respectively. The biomass yield varied across the soil types irrespective of the digestate applied. The agricultural benefits of digestates in different receiving soil ecosystems supplying essential nutrients for crop productivity, coupled with its environmental benefits, makes it an encouraging prospect in temperate climate zones.

Effects of soil types and Meloidogyne hapla on the multi-purpose uses of arugula (Eruca sativa)

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haddish Melakeberhan ◽  
Alexandra Kravchenko ◽  
Jon Dahl ◽  
Darryl Warncke
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Eruca Sativa ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Loam Soil

AbstractDeveloping multi-purpose alternatives to synthetic nematicides for managing the northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, a problem in a variety of temperate vegetable and nursery crop production soils, continues to be challenging. Arugula (Eruca sativa), a high-end green vegetable crop with biofumigant and cover crop attributes, is an effective trap crop (dead-end host) for populations of M. hapla in sandy loam soil. Exploiting arugula's multi-purpose attributes, however, depends on understanding its interaction with M. hapla under a range of conditions. The objectives of this study were to determine if soil types affect: i) the ability of M. hapla to infect arugula; and ii) if M. hapla infection has any effect on arugula's vegetative quality in the respective soils. When 2-week-old arugula cv. Roquette seedlings were inoculated with either 0 (control), 4000 or 8000 M. hapla eggs per 300 cm3 of either sandy, sandy loam or muck soil, and maintained for 23 and 24 days (28±2°C), more nematodes were recovered from sandy loam soil. However, the numbers of nematodes recovered between the inocula were similar in the three soil types and nematode infection had no effect on plant growth or nutritional quality. However, the growth and leaf nutritional quantity of arugula were significantly affected by soil type. The results support the hypothesis that M. hapla will infect arugula in different soil types without affecting its vegetative quantity and quality, providing the basis for testing arugula's trap, vegetable and, possibly, biofumigant attributes from one seeding in fields where M. hapla exists.

scholarly journals Suitability of Rice Transplanters and Weeders in Different Soil Types

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
S. Vallal Kannan ◽  
A. Veeramani ◽  
M. Hemalatha ◽  
S. Elamathi ◽  
C. Umamageswari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Field Efficiency

Aim: To evaluate the performance of existing models of rice transplanters in different soil types, to evaluate the performance of existing models of power weeder in different soil types, and to reduce the cost of cultivation and enhance the rice production and profitability. Study design: Strip plot design with different soil types as main-plot treatments(3),existing models of rice transplanter(5)  as sub-plot treatment and existing models of power weeder(3) as sub-sub-plot treatments. Place and duration: Experiments were conducted in six locations of delta zones  of Tamil Nadu representing three soil types’ viz., sandy clay loam, sandy loam, and clay loam during samba season(2019 & 2020) with  the medium duration rice variety ‘TKM 13. Methodology: Transplanter machine related parameters of actual field efficiency, theoretical capacity and field efficiency and  weeder  machine related parameters of field capacity and field efficiency and weed control efficiency was observed in different soil types. Suitability of transplanter and weeder combination on rice growth and yield parameters and yield, reduction of cost of cultivation and increase in net return and net income were observed and calculated. Results: Among growth and yield parameters, the 6 row yanmar transplanter along with conoweeding combination were recorded higher tillers and productive tillers (16.28 &20.65/hill), number of filled grains (113&145/panicle) seed yield (5922 &5733kg/ha) respectively in sandy clay loam and sandy loam soil.  Similarly, higher net return(Rs.70195/ha& Rs.55343/ha)) and BCR(2.62& BCR(2.28) in sandy clay loam  and  sandy loam soil respectively. Furthermore, they achieved additional grain yield of 1769 kg/ha and 1873 kg/ha with the additional net profit of Rs.37027/ha& Rs.34813/ha in sandy clay loam and sandy loam soil respectively. Yanmar 8 row transplanter along with single row power weeder combination were recorded higher productive tillers (15.25/hill), filled grains(122/panicle)  and seed yield (5506 kg/ha)  with higher net return (Rs.58175/ha) and BCR(2.32) in clay  loam soil. Furthermore, they achieved with an additional grain yield of 1121 kg/ha with additional net profit of Rs.24618/ha and net income change of Rs.24618/ha  in clay loam soil compared to farmers practice. Conclusion: Cultivation of rice by using 6 row yanmar transplanter and weeding by cono weeder along with agronomic practices is important to achieve higher yield performance and net return and BCR in sandy clay loam soil and sandy loam soil.  Cultivation of rice by using 8 row Yanmar transplanter for transplanting and single row power weeder for weeding operation along with recommended agronomic practices is important to achieve higher yield performance and net return and BCR in clay loam soil.

scholarly journals Pre-emergence herbicidal activity and persistence of 2,4-di-tertbutylphenol in relation to soil types

Plant Omics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Norhafizah Md Zain ◽  
Mazira Che Mat ◽  
Chuah Tse Seng
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Silt Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil

Although 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) has demonstrated strong phytotoxic effect on various weedy plants in previous findings, research on its pre-emergence herbicidal activity in the soil is still scanty. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two soil types on pre-emergence herbicidal activity and persistence of 2,4-DTBP. The bioassay was carried out in a growth chamber where goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] seeds were sown in different rates of 2,4-DTBP in two soil series under sterilized and non-sterilized soil conditions. Bioassays of each treatment were conducted in four replicates and arranged in completely randomized design. 2,4-DTBP exhibited potent pre-emergence activity as a root inhibitor where it completely inhibited (100% inhibition) of the root growth of E. indica in sandy loam soil at an application rate of 6.14 kg ai/ha. 2,4-DTBP was rapidly detoxified in silt loam soil as a result of high microbial activity where it completely lost its phytotoxicity by giving 100% emergence within 10 weeks even it was applied at an application as high as 20.4 kg ai/ha. However, 2,4-DTBP remained highly phytotoxic in sandy loam soil where it reduced the root and shoot growth by 47 and 36%, respectively, throughout 10 weeks duration of the investigation. The presence of microbes in non-sterilized soil further suggest that soil microbes may modify the chemical structure of the 2,4-DTBP, which in turn decreased its toxicity. The high level of pre-emergence herbicidal activity in conjunction with its biodegradation in silt loam soil imply that 2,4-DTBP may have potential for development as a natural-soil applied herbicide

scholarly journals Nitrogen, Magnesium, and Boron Applications Affect Cauliflower Yield, Curd Mass, and Hollow Stem Disorder

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Batal ◽  
D.M. Granberry ◽  
B.G. Mullinix
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
N Rates

The effects of three rates of N, Mg, and B on cauliflower (Brassica oleracea, Botrytis group) yield, average curd mass, and hollow stem disorder were evaluated on sandy and clay loam soils. Cultivars White Empress and Stovepipe were tested on the sandy loam soil and `White Empress' was tested on the clay loam soil. Maximum mean curd mass and maximum yields were obtained with the highest N rates (269 and 381 kg·ha-1) applied to sandy loam and clay loam soils, respectively. Yield response to increased N rates varied with cultivar. Increasing Mg from 22.5 to 90 kg·ha-1 did not affect yield or curd mass on clay loam soil, but increased yield and mean curd mass on sandy loam soil. The Mg effect on curd mass was influenced by N and B rates. On both soil types, the higher Mg and B rates reduced the incidence of hollow stem, but the Mg effect was influenced by N applications. On clay loam soil, increasing B from 2.2 to 8.8 kg·ha-1 reduced hollow stem but had no effect on yield or curd mass. On sandy loam soil, B at 4.4 kg·ha-1 maximized yield and curd mass, but the hollow stem disorder continued to decrease as B rates were increased from 2.2 to 8.8 kg·ha-1.

Effect of Soil Type and pH on Adsorption, Mobility, and Efficacy of Imazaquin and Imazethapyr

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Stougaard ◽  
P. J. Shea ◽  
A. R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Steric Factors ◽  
Loam Soil

Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine imazaquin and imazethapyr adsorption, mobility, and efficacy in Sharpsburg silty clay loam, Holdrege silt loam, and Tripp sandy loam soils after adjusting pH to 5, 6, and 7. Both herbicides were more strongly absorbed, less mobile, and less efficacious at a lower pH. Observations were attributed to ionic bonding resulting from protonation of basic functional groups on the herbicide molecules as pH decreased. Adsorption was greatest in the silty clay loam and least in the sandy loam soil. Conversely, the herbicides were more efficacious and mobile in the more coarse-textured soils. Imazethapyr was less mobile, more highly adsorbed, and more phytotoxic than imazaquin. Greater adsorption of imazethapyr was attributed to a stronger basic pKaand steric factors.

Emissions of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide associated with the decomposition of arable crop residues on a sandy loam soil in Eastern England

Agronomie ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Harrison ◽  
Sharon Ellis ◽  
Roy Cross ◽  
James Harrison Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Loam Soil
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