Some effects of temperature regime during grain filling on wheat quality

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Randall ◽  
HJ Moss
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Dough Quality ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Dough quality from grain samples from the Interstate Wheat Variety Trials for 3 cultivars at Wongan Hills and Narrabri in 6 seasons and 4 cultivars at Narrabri, Wagga Wagga and Dooen in 4 seasons was studied in relation to av. daily min. and max. temp. from anthesis to harvest. In greenhouse experiments, wheat cv. Olympic, Hartog and Skua seedlings were raised at day/night temp. of 21/16degreesC and then transferred to 33/28degrees at 14 or 32 d after anthesis. Air temp. influenced wheat baking quality, particularly dough strength, loaf score and volume in both field and greenhouse trials. Dough strength increased with av. daily temp. up to 30degrees and tended to decrease at higher temp. Field data indicated that protein concn was most dependent on max. temp. The cultivars differed in inherent dough strengths but for all cultivars dough strength increased with protein concn, and a strong positive correlation with max. temp. was observed. In the greenhouse, high temp. increased grain moisture loss and shortened the time to maturity. Grain from the higher temp. regime was smaller and the dough particularly resistant to deformation. Loaf volume was very similar for all 3 cultivars but for other quality characteristics responses differed between cultivars.

Interpretation of grain quality results from wheat variety trials with reference to high temperature stress

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Blumenthal ◽  
F Bekes ◽  
IL Batey ◽  
CW Wrigley ◽  
HJ Moss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Variety Trials ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Grain quality results for variety trials extending over 27 years (3 sites and 5 varieties) were compared with the temperature profiles during the grain filling period (56 days prior to harvest) to determine the effects on quality of high temperatures (>35�C) during this period of growth. Heat stress episodes have been frequent at two (Narrabri, N.S.W., and Turretfield, S.A.) of the three sites studied; spring temperatures were more moderate at the third site, Wongan Hills, W.A. There were highly significant (P< 0.01) correlations of heat stress (as hours above 35�C, during grain filling) with protein content (positive) and with grain yields (negative) at Narrabri for all varieties. In many combinations of site and variety, heat stress correlated negatively with loaf volume, and with dough strength (as Rmax, resistance to stretching with the Extensograph). Heat stress episodes in the Narrabri (N.S.W.) region in 1981 and 1982 gave further opportunity to examine these relationships. Results showed very clearly that high temperatures late in grain filling were associated with weaker dough properties (lower Rmax) in the resulting grain. These trends may form the basis of a predictive system by which to estimate crop quality and to interpret the results of variety trials.

Temperature Variation During Grain Filling and Changes in Wheat-Grain Quality

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 875 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Wrigley ◽  
C Blumenthal ◽  
PW Gras ◽  
EWR Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Dough Quality ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
And Storage

There have been a few notable occasions when the Australian wheat segregation system (mainly based on specification of variety and protein content) has failed to produce grain which gives dough properties expected for the wheat grade. The reasons for this are likely to relate to growing and storage conditions; of these, variations in temperature during grain filling appear to be a major factor. Observations of crop statistics, field and glasshouse experiments indicate that as growth temperatures increase up to 30°C, there is a general increase in dough strength (as indicated by Extensograph maximum resistance, Rmax, and as Farinograph development time and stability). However, a decline in dough strength is observed following periods of heat stress (e.g. a few days with maxima of over 35°C). Increasing temperatures during grain filling have also been observed to produce grain with a higher protein content, but this observation is not as consistent nor as marked as the effects on dough strength. We have sought to identify genotypes that do not follow this general trend in response to heat stress, and thus could be used as parents to breed for heat tolerance and greater stability of dough quality. A glasshouse experiment involving 45 genotypes has indicated that there is some variation in the response to heat stress, with a few genotypes being promising sources of tolerance. A second important approach to minimising the effects of heat stress is to develop a model to predict grain-quality changes, thus enabling a marketing authority to be forewarned of significant variation from the quality attributes normally expected for a wheat grade, and assisting breeders to better interpret the results of quality testing of lines grown at various sites.

Modification of a novel x-type high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene from Aegilops markgrafii to improve dough strength of wheat flour

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Xin Ma ◽  
Xuye Du ◽  
Cunyao Bo ◽  
Hongwei Wang ◽  
Anfei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Cysteine Residue ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Cysteine Residues ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Typical Structure ◽  
Dough Quality

High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in bread wheat are major determinants of dough viscoelastic properties and the end-use quality of wheat flour. Cysteine residues, which form intermolecular disulphide bonds in HMW-GS, could improve the strength of gluten. To our knowledge, the number and position of cysteine residues in HMW-GS are conserved between wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Aegilops markgrafii. In the present study, we modified a gene (1Cx1.1) from Ae. markgrafii for an HMW-GS that possessed the typical structure and conserved number of cysteines. Site-directed mutagenesis was carried out in 1Cx1.1 to investigate how the position of cysteine residues in HMW-GS affects the mixing properties of dough. Six HMW-GS containing an extra cysteine residue were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the proteins were purified at sufficient scale for incorporation into flour to test dough quality. There were large differences in dough property among samples containing different modified subunits. Cysteine substituting in the N-terminal or repetitive-domain of HMW-GS could significantly improve dough quality. The results showed that the strategy was useful for providing genetic resources for gene engineering, and hence could be valuable for improving the processing quality of wheat.

scholarly journals Spad Value Varies With Age And Leaf Of Maize Plant And Its Relationship With Grain Yield

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu Kandel
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Phase Data ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Value Measurement

Abstract Objectives A field experiment was conducted to evaluate ten hybrid maize for photosynthetic traits. Ten hybrid were replicate thricely under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) during winter season of 2018. SPAD 502 Plus meter was used for SPAD value measurement. Vegetative stage all photosynthetic measurement taken from T1 (top most leaf) and T3 (2nd leaf from top leaf) leaves of 5 plants of one plot during 30 days interval. For reproductive phase data taken from Eo/ eo (Leaf attach to cob/ear), E2 or e2 (2nd leaf from Eo /eo leaf) leaves during entire period of grain filling at 10 days intervals. Same leaves were used for overall data collection.Results Result showed that significantly different SPAD value were observed for different age and leaves of maize during pre and post anthesis. SPAD value increase with increase in age and decrease at the time of maturity. During vegetative and juvenile phase T3 leaf has more SPAD value than T1. During reproductive stage eo leaves had more SPAD than e2 leaves, so center leaf of maize contributes more to grain yield. Correlation studies showed that there is strong positive correlation between different stage of SPAD with grain yield.

scholarly journals Stay-green traits of hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.) below and above ear during grain filling, and their association with grain yields in winter in subtropical foot plain of Nepalese Himalaya

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nav Raj Adhikari ◽  
Surya Kant Ghimire ◽  
Shrawan Kumar Sah ◽  
Keshab Babu Babu Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Correlation Pattern ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Green Leaves

Introduction: Plant breeders are in search of marker trait for high grain yielding genotypes or hybrids or populations in cross pollinating crop species like maize. Leaves that stay green long have been found grain yield attributing. But, recent studies have depicted either long, or short stay-green (SG) are high grain yielding. So, the research has been designed to examine a variety of SG traits during entire grain filling and their association to grain yields (GYs) among the fifteen newly bred single cross maize hybrids. Materials and methods: An RCBD trial of three replications was conducted planting seeds of the hybrids on October 3, 2012 at Rampur, Chitwan in the subtropical foot plain of Nepalese Himalaya. The sowing date of the trial was arranged to expose flowering and grain filling to natural winter. Results and discussion: Polynomial regression equations (PREs) obtained between GYs and numbers of green leaves below ear (BtmGrn) on 110, 125 and 140th day during GF of the FHs (fifteen hybrids) had coefficient of determination (r2) less than 18%. Although it is so, there is still two diagnostic association curves for high grain yielding hybrids (GYHs) 8, 12, 11, 13, 5, 6 and 7 and medium to low GYHs 10, 1, 14, 2, 9, 15, 4 and 3 separately. After the date, high GYHs still displayed association curve between GYs and BtmGrn. In addition; PREs obtained between GYs and numbers of green leaves above ear (TopE0Grn) during entire GF of the FHs had r2 19 to 53%. Although it is so, there is still separate diagnostic association curve for high GYHs 8, 12, 11, 13, 5, 6 and 7; and medium to low GYHs 10, 1, 14, 2, 9, 15, 4 and 3. High GYHs and medium to low GYHs similarly displayed different association curve between GYs and numbers of total green leaves (GrnLves) on 110 to 155th day during entire GF and that had r2 equal to 21 to 53%. Although r2 of the PRE formed between GYs and days for net ear senescence duration (ErSenDur) has been found higher than PREs formed for days for ear senescence completion (ErSenCmp) and net ear senescence duration (ErSenDur); two meaningful separate quadratic curves can form between ErSenIni and GYs of high GYHs and medium to low GYHs. Curve formed between GYs and days for 0% green PP (plant population) (days for 100% PP senescence) of the FHs reflect strong positive correlation and almost straight line regression among fourteen hybrids except the highest GYH 8. Although the hybrid 8 lost SG almost earliest, but its GY has been found highest. It means that the hybrid had highly photosynthetic leaves to contribute to high GY. But; fourteen high to low GYHs are inside the strong positive correlation pattern except GYH 8. So, number of days required by hybrids for 0% SG PP can be positive marker for selection of high GYHs.

scholarly journals Genetic Evaluation and Correlation Analysis Among Various Quantitative Traits in Maize Single-Cross Hybrids Under Diverse Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Fortunate Makore ◽  
Cosmos Magorokosho ◽  
Shorai Dari ◽  
Edmore Gasura ◽  
Upenyu Mazarura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Positive Direct

Genetic variation abundance, high genetic advance coupled with high heritability estimates presents the most suitable condition for selection. Ninety-five hybrids generated from elite and new inbred lines crossed using half diallel mating design were evaluated under diverse environments. The objectives were to estimate genetic variances, heritability of traits and genetic advance and to determine correlations of grain yield and its component characters in maize hybrids. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all traits studied except for ear rots. Estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation were slightly higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all traits suggesting low influence of environment in the expression of these traits. High heritability and genetic estimates were recorded for grain yield (79%; 30.27%), plant height (85%; 102.42%) and ear height (86%; 117.15%) whilst high heritability and low genetic advance were observed for anthesis date (87%; 5.8%), texture (75%; 8%) and ear position (71%; 0.23%). Correlation between environments using grain yield data revealed existence of a very strong positive correlation between CIMMYT2 and RARS2 suggesting that the sites have the same discriminating effect. Correlation among traits revealed that grain yield had significant (P &lt; 0.05) positive correlation with plant height and ear height. Similarly, plant height had significant and positive correlation with ear height while ear position was positively correlated to ear height. Path analysis showed that plant height, ears per plant and ear position had positive direct effects on grain, while anthesis date, ear height, ear position, grain moisture content at harvest and texture indirectly influenced grain yield. These characters&rsquo; contribution to grain yield is important and the strong association with grain yield implied that these can be used as secondary traits to indirectly select for grain yield performance in this set of germplasm across all the environments.

Biogas production from silage maize hybrids

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
Z. Hegyi ◽  
Z. Zsubori-Tóth ◽  
J. Pintér ◽  
C. Marton
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Biogas Yield

Experiments have been underway in Martonvásár for many years to develop leafy silage hybrids, which have a greater aboveground mass than conventional silage hybrids. The best hybrids for biogas production would be those that produce a large quantity of biomass and are rich in starch. The chief characteristic of leafy hybrids is that they have more leaves than normal hybrids. Due to this enhanced leaf area above the ear, the vegetative period of leafy genotypes is shorter, while the grain-filling period is longer, which has a positive effect on both yield and grain quality. The results of the present experiment show that during the anaerobic fermentation of the silage, leafy hybrids produced more biogas (640 l per 1000 g dry matter) than conventional hybrids (606 l per 1000 g dry matter). There were no significant differences between the methane contents of the leafy and non-leafy hybrids tested in the experiment. A strong positive correlation was found between biogas yield and the starch content of the silage, and a moderate positive correlation between biogas yield and the sugar content. The correlation between biogas yield and the lignin and protein contents was negative, in accordance with other literary data.

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